反身代詞知多少

劉鵬

反身代詞又稱自身代詞，它是一種表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞。它由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞和第三人稱人稱代詞賓格加詞尾self或selves構(gòu)成：

單數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself

復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves

一、作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語，表示動(dòng)作返回到主語本身。如：

I want to build myself a country house. 我想給自己建一座鄉(xiāng)間別墅。

You should take good care of yourselves. 你們應(yīng)該照顧好你們自己。

但在表示位置的一些介詞之后常用代詞賓格代替反身代詞。如：

I looked around me. 我環(huán)顧四周。

He closed the door after him. 他隨手關(guān)上了門。

二、作主語或賓語的同位語，常置于與之同位的詞后面，也可在句末。如：

I myself opened the windows. / I opened the windows myself. 讓我自己開的窗。

Do you see the teacher himself？你見到老師本人了？

三、反身代詞有時(shí)可以用作主語或表語。如：

Both my sister and myself wanted to go and work there. 我妹妹和我自己都想去那兒工作。

Thats herself. 那就是她自己。

四、一般不用作定語。如：

錯(cuò)誤：Those are themselves bikes. 那些是他們自己的自行車。

正確：Those are their own bikes.

Those are bikes of their own.

當(dāng)one指人時(shí)，其相應(yīng)的反身代詞通常用oneself，在美國英語中也可用himself。如：

One should not live for oneself（himself）alone. 一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該只為自己活著。

五、反身代詞常和某些動(dòng)詞連用。如：enjoy，help，teach，learn，look，after，hurt，dress等。

enjoy oneself相當(dāng)于have a good time 玩得開心

help oneself to… （招待用語）隨便吃……

teach oneself / learn by oneself 自學(xué)……

ook after oneself 照顧自己

hurt oneself 傷著自己

dress oneself 自己穿衣服

六、反身代詞還可以用于介詞短語。如：

by oneself 自己（不要?jiǎng)e人幫助），一個(gè)人干

I can do it by myself. 我可以自己來干。

for oneself 替自己，為自己

He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)自己決定。

in oneself 本身

This is not a bad idea in itself. 這主意本身并不錯(cuò)。

between ourselves 私下說的話（不可告訴別人）

All this is between ourselves. 這些都不能告訴別人。

among themselves…… 之間

They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他們之間進(jìn)行了熱烈的討論。

to oneself 供自己用

I want a little time to my self. 我想有一點(diǎn)自己支配的時(shí)間。endprint