欒維新++片峰++杜利楠++姜昳芃
摘要本文利用投入產(chǎn)出方法研究了河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對其他工業(yè)部門的波及效應,依據(jù)歷年統(tǒng)計資料和相關文獻分析了河北省主要耗能產(chǎn)業(yè)的能源消耗和污染物排放水平,模擬分析了縮減河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模帶來的節(jié)能減排效果。研究表明:河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)影響力系數(shù)為1.264,感應度系數(shù)為3.285,其發(fā)展對其他各產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響帶動作用和受其他產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的拉動效應都非常明顯;河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對重工業(yè)各部門的同向波及效應比較明顯,其總產(chǎn)值變動10%時會波及石油和天然氣開采業(yè)總產(chǎn)值變動33.35%,金屬礦采選業(yè)總產(chǎn)值變動17.37%,煤炭開采和洗選業(yè)總產(chǎn)值變動18.00%,金屬制品業(yè)總產(chǎn)值變動6.92%。壓縮鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模既有助于淘汰鋼鐵過剩產(chǎn)能又有利于扭轉河北工業(yè)結構不斷重型化的趨勢。在鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)粗鋼產(chǎn)量下降關鍵詞河北;鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè);投入產(chǎn)出;波及效應;節(jié)能減排
中圖分類號 F426;F062.9文獻標識碼A文章編號1002-2104(2014)12-0096-07doi:103969/jissn1002-2104201412013
改革開放以來,河北省的鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了空前的發(fā)展。2012年,河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)實現(xiàn)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值11 811.3億元,占全國鋼鐵工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的16.5%,占河北省工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的27.4%;粗鋼年產(chǎn)量為18 048萬t,占全國總產(chǎn)量的24.7%,鋼材消費量約3 500萬t,僅占全國總消費量的5.1%。2012年河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)能耗約10 424萬t標準煤,占全省工業(yè)總能耗的50.1%。近年來,華北地區(qū)“霧霾”等大氣污染問題日趨嚴重,而河北大量的燃煤消耗是造成“霧霾”的重要原因之一。2012年河北省約26.6%的二氧化硫和40%的煙粉塵排放都來自鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)。
美國經(jīng)濟學家列昂惕夫創(chuàng)立的可以揭示各產(chǎn)業(yè)間相互聯(lián)系的投入出產(chǎn)分析法在經(jīng)濟學中的諸多領域得到了廣泛的應用。HAWDON等基于十個部門的投入產(chǎn)出表,構建投入產(chǎn)出模型模擬最終需求對能源、環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟三者之間的關系[1]。 Breuil利用投入產(chǎn)出方法推算預測了法國硫化物和氮化物的排放情況,并與一般污染進行了推算比較[2];Selden和Bruvoll等對美國和挪威的大氣污染物排放進行了分析,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)能源消耗強度降低可以使主要大氣污染物排放量下降,而主要消耗能源的種類變化無助于減少污染[3-4]。Hamilton和Turton分析了經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織成員國1982-1997年的二氧化碳排放,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響碳排放的主要因素是能源消耗強度、化石能源使用以及污染排放密度[5]。蔡九菊和杜濤編制了能源—環(huán)境負荷的投入產(chǎn)出表,建立了鋼鐵企業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程和能量轉換過程數(shù)學模型,得出了鋼鐵生產(chǎn)過程的資源消耗和污染物排放密切相關,對鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)而言環(huán)保的有效措施就是節(jié)能的結論[6]。席酉民編制了我國2004年能源投入產(chǎn)出延長表,并分析了通過產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調整來降低單位GDP能耗的效應,得出了相應的產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調整方案[7]。徐盈之和吳海明使用最近的三期投入產(chǎn)出表,研究了我國鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)關聯(lián)特征,得出了鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響力系數(shù)較高,受第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響程度存在下降趨勢,而受第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響程度顯著提高等結論[8]。上述研究推進了投入產(chǎn)出方法在我國產(chǎn)業(yè)關聯(lián)效應、能源消耗測算和環(huán)境污染評估等方面的應用,為后續(xù)研究打下了堅實的基礎。然而國內外的研究大都從國家層面對整個產(chǎn)業(yè)進行分析,而且在分析產(chǎn)業(yè)關聯(lián)效應時多側重于感應度系數(shù)和影響力系數(shù)的計算,未將產(chǎn)業(yè)關聯(lián)對節(jié)能減排等方面的影響考慮在內。
河北省在未來一段時間內其鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調整政策與我國其他省份也會有顯著不同。本文利用投入產(chǎn)出分析方法對河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)進行產(chǎn)業(yè)波及效應分析,并在此基礎上分析鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調整帶來的節(jié)能減排效應既可以繼承和發(fā)展前人的研究,又對國家和河北省制定鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策提供一定的參考和理論支撐。
欒維新等:河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)調整的波及效應及節(jié)能減排研究中國人口·資源與環(huán)境2014年第12期1數(shù)據(jù)來源與處理
1.1數(shù)據(jù)來源
本文研究使用的投入產(chǎn)出表為河北省統(tǒng)計局在國家統(tǒng)計局委托下編制的2007年《河北省投入產(chǎn)出表》。盡管數(shù)據(jù)的時效性不甚理想,但是投入產(chǎn)出表所揭示的產(chǎn)業(yè)部門間的物質相關關系,對現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)業(yè)波及效應分析仍有重要的指導意義和參考價值[9]。
本文中所采用的歷年河北省工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值和鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值等經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù)來源于對應年份的《中國統(tǒng)計年鑒》和《河北省經(jīng)濟年鑒》;歷年全國和河北省粗鋼產(chǎn)量和平均噸鋼耗能等數(shù)據(jù)來源于對應年份的《中國鋼鐵工業(yè)年鑒》;歷年能耗數(shù)據(jù)來源于對應年份的《中國能源統(tǒng)計年鑒》和《河北經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計年鑒》。
1.2數(shù)據(jù)處理說明
投入產(chǎn)出表中國民經(jīng)濟42部門的劃分標準與《中國統(tǒng)計年鑒》、《中國能源統(tǒng)計年鑒》和《河北省經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計年鑒》中工業(yè)行業(yè)劃分標準有所不同。為使研究所用數(shù)據(jù)保持良好的一致性,本文在引用數(shù)據(jù)時做了相應的處理。本文在研究中鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)僅采用了黑色金屬冶煉及壓延加工業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)而未將黑色金屬礦采選業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)計算在內。河北省黑色金屬冶煉及壓延加工業(yè)的產(chǎn)值在金屬冶煉及壓延加工業(yè)中比例高達96.0%。因此本文研究過程中,將河北省投入產(chǎn)出表中金屬冶煉及壓延加工業(yè)的消耗系數(shù)視為鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的消耗系數(shù)。本文中化學工業(yè)包含化學原料及化學制品制造業(yè)、醫(yī)藥制造業(yè)、橡膠和塑料制品業(yè)和化學纖維制造業(yè)。
1.3影響力與感應度系數(shù)計算方法
其中,∑ni=1bij 為列昂惕夫逆矩陣的第j列之和,表示j部門增加一個單位最終產(chǎn)品,對國民經(jīng)濟各部門產(chǎn)品的完全需要量;1n∑ni=1∑nj=1bij為列昂惕夫逆矩陣的列和的平均值。
當Fj>1時,表示第j部門的生產(chǎn)對其他部門所產(chǎn)生的波及影響程度超過社會平均影響水平;當Fj=1時,表示第j部門的生產(chǎn)對其他部門所產(chǎn)生的波及影響程度等于社會平均影響水平;當Fj<1時,表示第j部門的生產(chǎn)對其他部門所產(chǎn)生的波及影響程度低于社會平均影響水平。
感應度系數(shù)是反映國民經(jīng)濟各部門均增加一個單位最終使用時,某一部門由此而受到的需求感應程度[10-11]。感應度系數(shù)Ei計算公式為:
當Ei>1時,表示第i部門受到的感應程度高于社會平均感應度水平;當Ei=1時,表示第i部門受到的感應程度等于社會平均感應度水平;當Ei<1時,表示第i部門受到的感應程度低于社會平均感應度水平。
2河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及效應分析
2.1河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)關聯(lián)關系分析
國民經(jīng)濟中各產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的物質和技術聯(lián)系可以通過投入產(chǎn)出表反映出來。通過投入產(chǎn)出表可以計算出各產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響力系數(shù)和感應度系數(shù)。前者可以反映出某產(chǎn)業(yè)自身變化對其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響程度;后者可以反映出某產(chǎn)業(yè)受其他產(chǎn)業(yè)變化的影響程度[12]。某一產(chǎn)業(yè)與本區(qū)域內其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的關聯(lián)關系通過本區(qū)域的投入產(chǎn)出表來反映,而與其他區(qū)域各產(chǎn)業(yè)的關聯(lián)關系由區(qū)域間的投入產(chǎn)出表來反映。本文利用河北省的投入產(chǎn)出表研究省內鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)與各產(chǎn)業(yè)的關聯(lián)關系,不考慮區(qū)域間的生產(chǎn)要素流動。河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)影響力系數(shù)為1.264,僅次于交通裝備制造業(yè)和金屬制品業(yè),排在第三位;而感應度系數(shù)為3.285,排在第一位。河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響力系數(shù)和感應度系數(shù)均大于1,這說明鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對國民經(jīng)濟的影響程度超過各產(chǎn)業(yè)的平均水平,各部門的生產(chǎn)使鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)受到的感應程度也高于國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展受到的感應程度。
國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中各產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的影響是相互的,每個產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展既會對其他產(chǎn)業(yè)形成影響也會受到其他產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響。以鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)為例,其自身增加產(chǎn)值時,會拉動其他產(chǎn)業(yè)增加一部分產(chǎn)值,而被拉動的產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值增加以后,鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)又在這些產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的拉動下再增加一部分產(chǎn)值。這種由強轉弱最終可以達到平衡的連鎖反應及其效果可以在投入產(chǎn)出表的基礎上通過列昂惕夫逆乘矩陣來計算[13]。
分析河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及效應時,以生產(chǎn)力水平不變的假設為前提,僅考慮各產(chǎn)業(yè)受到鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及影響。當河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)增加1單位的產(chǎn)值時,其自身在波及效應的影響下還會再額外增加0.549個單位的產(chǎn)值。金屬礦采選業(yè)在鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)增加1單位產(chǎn)值的波及效應影響下產(chǎn)值最終增加0.379個單位。鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的最終波及效應如圖1所示。
從圖1中可以看出,河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的列昂惕夫逆矩陣系數(shù)較大的產(chǎn)業(yè)都集中在重工業(yè)的各部門當中。石油和天然氣開采、金屬礦采選、化學工業(yè)和金屬制品等重工業(yè)部門受到鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及效應特別明顯。也就是說,當鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值增加時,各重工業(yè)部門都受到較強的拉動作用,從而使得河北省的工業(yè)結構陷入越來越“重”的惡性循環(huán)當中。
2.2河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)調整政策與產(chǎn)值變化分析
2013年10月15日,國務院印發(fā)了《關于化解產(chǎn)能嚴重過剩矛盾的指導意見》,其中強調,重點推動山東、河北、遼寧、江蘇、山西、江西等地區(qū)鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調整,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,壓縮鋼鐵產(chǎn)能總量8 000萬t以上。2013年11月6日,國務院批復《河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調整方案》,方案中指出,河北省到2017年底,要淘汰鋼鐵產(chǎn)能6 000萬t。目前,河北省粗鋼的消費不足其產(chǎn)量的20%,整個環(huán)渤海三省兩市粗鋼消費也不足產(chǎn)量的50%。河北有必要進行大幅的產(chǎn)能壓縮,國家制定到2017年壓縮6 000萬t鋼鐵產(chǎn)能目標是基本合理的。河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值不會再延續(xù)過去快速增長的發(fā)展趨勢,而要經(jīng)歷一段時期的負增長。
河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的總產(chǎn)值與粗鋼產(chǎn)量的相關關系十分明顯,近三年噸鋼平均產(chǎn)值為6 500元左右。由于河北省未來鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)調控政策將發(fā)生重大改變,河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展應該在2013 年有一個快速增長到逐步縮減的轉折點。幾乎所有的數(shù)學預測模型都難于發(fā)現(xiàn)所預測指標變化的轉折點。因此,采用定量方法預測未來幾年內河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值不會取得符合實際的預測結果。綜上所述,本文在分析河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)調控政策的轉變和產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量與總產(chǎn)值關系的基礎上,對2017年河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值進行定性分析,得出2017年河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值圖1河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對其他部門的波及效應示意圖
Fig.1Ripple effect on other sectors of the steel industry in Hebei Province會下降到9 500億元左右,比2012年減少20%。
2.3河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)波及效應實證研究
河北省重型化的產(chǎn)業(yè)結構特點非常突出,鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對工業(yè)各經(jīng)濟部門的波及效應格外明顯。因此本文側重分析鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對工業(yè)各部門的波及效應。在生產(chǎn)力水平不發(fā)生革命性變化的前提下,河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值下降20%時,通過產(chǎn)業(yè)間的波及效應,最終導致鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值還會有10.26%的下降。鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值規(guī)模的下降也同樣會波及與其相關聯(lián)的其他產(chǎn)業(yè)。為了更充分和形象地說明鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及效果,本文將鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值增加10%與減少20%時兩種不同的波及效果進行分析(見圖2)。
從圖2中可以看出,河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對重工業(yè)各部門的波及效應十分明顯,其產(chǎn)值上升或下降時,會帶動河北省石油和天然氣開采、金屬礦采選、化學工業(yè)和金屬制品等大部分重工業(yè)部門共同增大或縮小規(guī)模。當鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值下降20% 時,除鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)自身外,還有石油和天然氣開采業(yè)、廢品廢料、煤炭開采和洗選業(yè)以及金屬礦采選業(yè)等四個經(jīng)濟部門總產(chǎn)值下降幅度超過30%;工藝品及其他制造業(yè)、儀器儀表及文化辦公用機械制造業(yè)、石油加工煉焦及核燃料加工業(yè)、電力熱力的生產(chǎn)和供應業(yè)以及非金屬礦和其他礦采選業(yè)五個經(jīng)濟部門總產(chǎn)值下降幅度在10% 到30% 之間;其余重工業(yè)部門的總產(chǎn)值下降幅度在2%到10% 之間;而各輕工業(yè)部門總產(chǎn)值的下降幅度基本都在0.5%到5%之間。
河北省合理縮減鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的規(guī)模,將帶動大部分重工業(yè)部門規(guī)模下降,將有利于降低河北省重工業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中的比重,止住經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中工業(yè)結構愈發(fā)重型化的慣性,有助于河北產(chǎn)業(yè)結構的優(yōu)化和粗放式發(fā)展方式的轉變。結合具體實踐來看,河北省于去年底和今年初集中淘汰了一批鋼鐵產(chǎn)能,在其影響下,石油和天然氣開采、金屬礦采選、化學工業(yè)和金屬制品等產(chǎn)業(yè)在今年會失去原有的一部分鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展所帶來的產(chǎn)品需求。僅考慮鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)??s減的影響,這些受鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)波及效果比較明顯的產(chǎn)業(yè)須適合縮減自身的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模以防止出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品過剩。圖2河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)對工業(yè)各部門波及效果圖
Fig.2The ripple effect on various Industrial sectors of steel industry in Hebei Province3河北鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)調整的節(jié)能減排效果分析
河北省能源消費總量高達3.02億t標準煤,其中工業(yè)能源消費占能源消費總量的79.6%。工業(yè)能耗的調整對河北省的節(jié)能減排有著重要的作用和意義。分析波及效應影響下,鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模調整與能源消耗和污染物排放的關系,有助于掌握鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模調整在節(jié)能減排方面的切實成效。
3.1主要耗能產(chǎn)業(yè)能耗和排放系數(shù)的選取
河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)是能耗大戶,受鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)波及效應影響較大的各重工業(yè)部門也都有比較大的能源消耗。河北省工業(yè)中前十大耗能產(chǎn)業(yè)的能源消耗量占整個工業(yè)的96.53%,總產(chǎn)值占工業(yè)的78.82%。這十大耗能產(chǎn)業(yè)中除食品制造及煙草加工業(yè)外的其余產(chǎn)業(yè)受鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)波及影響都比較明顯。因此,本文選取鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)、煤炭開采和洗選業(yè)、化學工業(yè)和電力熱力生產(chǎn)和供應業(yè)等十個主要耗能產(chǎn)業(yè)來分析鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)調整在節(jié)能減排方面的效果。
投入產(chǎn)出表所反映出的是鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值變動對其他各經(jīng)濟部門產(chǎn)值的波及效應,因此,要研究產(chǎn)值變動對應的能耗變化情況,需要首先確定各產(chǎn)業(yè)單位總產(chǎn)值的能耗情況。本文依據(jù)2006-2013年《河北經(jīng)濟年鑒》計算得出各產(chǎn)業(yè)歷年的單位總產(chǎn)值能耗情況(見圖3)。
從圖3中可以看出,各產(chǎn)業(yè)的單位產(chǎn)值能耗在2005-2012年間都有很大幅度的下降,到2012年時,基本都已經(jīng)下降到了比較低的水平。從變動趨勢來看,2012年以后各產(chǎn)業(yè)單位產(chǎn)值能耗應該基本保持穩(wěn)定,不會再出現(xiàn)較大浮動的變動。因此,本文使用各產(chǎn)業(yè)2012年時的單位產(chǎn)值能耗量來估算2017年鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值下降20%在節(jié)省能源消耗方面的效果。
4結論與展望
新世紀以來,河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展十分迅速,各重工業(yè)部門在其帶動下均有較大幅度的增長,并逐步形成了重型化的工業(yè)結構和粗放式的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式。本文利用投入產(chǎn)出法分析了河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及效應,并對產(chǎn)業(yè)調整的節(jié)能減排效果進行模擬,結果表明:①河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響力系數(shù)和感應度系數(shù)均大于1,其發(fā)展對其他經(jīng)濟部門的影響帶動作用和受其他經(jīng)濟部門發(fā)展的拉動作用都很明顯;②受鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)波及效果明顯的部門主要集中在重工業(yè)部門,縮減鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模,將帶動石油和天然氣開采、金屬礦采選、煤炭開采和洗選,金屬制品以及化學工業(yè)等重工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值會出現(xiàn)較大幅度的下降,進而有利于淘汰過剩鋼鐵產(chǎn)能,同時有效遏制工業(yè)結構重型化的趨勢;③鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)本身和受鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)波及影響較大的產(chǎn)業(yè)都是高能耗、高污染的經(jīng)濟部門,在縮減鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模的波及影響下,將大幅度降低工業(yè)部門能源消耗及大氣污染物排放,改善河北省轉變粗放式的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式。
目前,淘汰落后產(chǎn)能和治理環(huán)境污染已成為河北省發(fā)展需優(yōu)先解決的兩大難題。合理縮減鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模應該成為河北省解決兩大難題的關鍵步驟和重要舉措。本文研究側重于定量評價河北省鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)的波及效應以及產(chǎn)業(yè)調整的節(jié)能減排效果的模擬,而關于河北省縮減鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模的合理目標的確定,可在今后研究中結合國家鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)整體發(fā)展規(guī)劃,綜合考慮經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,環(huán)境保護,資源支撐和勞動力就業(yè)等多方面因素進行深入系統(tǒng)的分析。
(編輯:田紅)
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Study on the Ripple Effect and Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of the
Steel Industry Restructuring in Hebei Province
LUAN Weixin1PIAN Feng1DU Linan1JIANG Yipeng2
(1.Transport & Management College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian Liaoning 116026, China;
2. The School of Humanities & Law, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian Liaoning 116023,China)
AbstractThis paper studied the ripple effect of the steel industry on other industries in Hebei Province using the inputoutput method, and analyzed the major energyconsuming industries level of energy consumption and pollutant emissions according to the historical statistics and the relevant literature, and simulated the energy saving and emission reduction effect of other industrial sectors caused by the steel industry. Studies have shown that: the influence coefficient of the steel industry was 1.264 in Hebei Province; and the sensitivity coefficient was 3.285; the leading impact of its development on other industries and the effects stimulated by other industries development were very obvious; the steel industry have a significant ripple effect in the same direction on heavy industry sectors, when the output value of the steel industry changed 10%, the output value of the oil and gas exploration industry would change 33.35%, and the output value of the metal mining industry would change 17.37%, and the output value of the coal mining and washing industry would change 18.00%, and the output value of the metal products industry would change 9.00% in Hebei Province. The compression can help eliminate both the scale of the steel industry overcapacity and it can be useful to reserve the continued heavy industry structural trend in Hebei Province; when 60 million tons of crude steel production reduced, the energy consumption of the top 10 energyintensive industries in Hebei Province can be reduced 19.76% (46.62 million tons of Standard Coal), the emissions of CO2,SO2,NOx and smoke dust will be decreased by 15.41% (10.16 million tons), 23.57% (316.1 thousand tons), 8.68% (152.9 thousand tons)and 28.51% (352.4 thousand tons) Compared with energy consumption in 2012. The elimination of backward production capacity and environmental pollution governance have become two major problems that need to be given priority to in the Hebei Province development, and reducing the size of the steel industry should become the key step and an important measure to solve two problems. This study provides both a theoretical support to solve the problem of excessive capacity in Hebei Province, and provides a theoretical basis for the rational development of the national steel industry policy and planning.
Key wordsHebei Province; steel industry; inputoutput; ripple effect; energy saving and emission reduction
2. The School of Humanities & Law, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian Liaoning 116023,China)
AbstractThis paper studied the ripple effect of the steel industry on other industries in Hebei Province using the inputoutput method, and analyzed the major energyconsuming industries level of energy consumption and pollutant emissions according to the historical statistics and the relevant literature, and simulated the energy saving and emission reduction effect of other industrial sectors caused by the steel industry. Studies have shown that: the influence coefficient of the steel industry was 1.264 in Hebei Province; and the sensitivity coefficient was 3.285; the leading impact of its development on other industries and the effects stimulated by other industries development were very obvious; the steel industry have a significant ripple effect in the same direction on heavy industry sectors, when the output value of the steel industry changed 10%, the output value of the oil and gas exploration industry would change 33.35%, and the output value of the metal mining industry would change 17.37%, and the output value of the coal mining and washing industry would change 18.00%, and the output value of the metal products industry would change 9.00% in Hebei Province. The compression can help eliminate both the scale of the steel industry overcapacity and it can be useful to reserve the continued heavy industry structural trend in Hebei Province; when 60 million tons of crude steel production reduced, the energy consumption of the top 10 energyintensive industries in Hebei Province can be reduced 19.76% (46.62 million tons of Standard Coal), the emissions of CO2,SO2,NOx and smoke dust will be decreased by 15.41% (10.16 million tons), 23.57% (316.1 thousand tons), 8.68% (152.9 thousand tons)and 28.51% (352.4 thousand tons) Compared with energy consumption in 2012. The elimination of backward production capacity and environmental pollution governance have become two major problems that need to be given priority to in the Hebei Province development, and reducing the size of the steel industry should become the key step and an important measure to solve two problems. This study provides both a theoretical support to solve the problem of excessive capacity in Hebei Province, and provides a theoretical basis for the rational development of the national steel industry policy and planning.
Key wordsHebei Province; steel industry; inputoutput; ripple effect; energy saving and emission reduction
2. The School of Humanities & Law, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian Liaoning 116023,China)
AbstractThis paper studied the ripple effect of the steel industry on other industries in Hebei Province using the inputoutput method, and analyzed the major energyconsuming industries level of energy consumption and pollutant emissions according to the historical statistics and the relevant literature, and simulated the energy saving and emission reduction effect of other industrial sectors caused by the steel industry. Studies have shown that: the influence coefficient of the steel industry was 1.264 in Hebei Province; and the sensitivity coefficient was 3.285; the leading impact of its development on other industries and the effects stimulated by other industries development were very obvious; the steel industry have a significant ripple effect in the same direction on heavy industry sectors, when the output value of the steel industry changed 10%, the output value of the oil and gas exploration industry would change 33.35%, and the output value of the metal mining industry would change 17.37%, and the output value of the coal mining and washing industry would change 18.00%, and the output value of the metal products industry would change 9.00% in Hebei Province. The compression can help eliminate both the scale of the steel industry overcapacity and it can be useful to reserve the continued heavy industry structural trend in Hebei Province; when 60 million tons of crude steel production reduced, the energy consumption of the top 10 energyintensive industries in Hebei Province can be reduced 19.76% (46.62 million tons of Standard Coal), the emissions of CO2,SO2,NOx and smoke dust will be decreased by 15.41% (10.16 million tons), 23.57% (316.1 thousand tons), 8.68% (152.9 thousand tons)and 28.51% (352.4 thousand tons) Compared with energy consumption in 2012. The elimination of backward production capacity and environmental pollution governance have become two major problems that need to be given priority to in the Hebei Province development, and reducing the size of the steel industry should become the key step and an important measure to solve two problems. This study provides both a theoretical support to solve the problem of excessive capacity in Hebei Province, and provides a theoretical basis for the rational development of the national steel industry policy and planning.
Key wordsHebei Province; steel industry; inputoutput; ripple effect; energy saving and emission reduction