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      涉外民商案件模擬庭審雙語教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

      2014-04-29 21:31:51金彭年蔣奮
      科教導(dǎo)刊 2014年11期
      關(guān)鍵詞:設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)

      金彭年 蔣奮

      摘 要 模擬庭審是法學(xué)實(shí)踐教學(xué)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。涉外民商案件的模擬庭審包含模擬法庭與模擬仲裁,兩者在適用沖突規(guī)范、庭審程序等方面又存在明顯區(qū)別。文中五個案件已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于浙江大學(xué)寧波理工學(xué)院的教學(xué)實(shí)踐并取得較好效果。

      關(guān)鍵詞 模擬庭審 教學(xué) 設(shè)計(jì)

      中圖分類號:G424 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A

      Bilingual Instructional Design of Foreign-related Civil and

      Commercial Cases Simulation Trial

      JIN Pengnian[1], JIANG Fen[2]

      ([1] Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100;

      [2] Zhejiang University Guanghua Law School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008)

      Abstract Analog hearing is an important part of law practice teaching. Analog hearing foreign civil and commercial cases include Moot Court and Moot, and there are obvious differences between the two in terms of the applicable conflict rules, court procedures. The paper has been used five cases in Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University teaching practice and got better results.

      Key words analog hearing; teaching; design

      1 管轄權(quán)環(huán)節(jié)

      1.1 案件取材

      寧波市中級人民法院(2013)浙甬轄終字第218號

      1.2 案情摘要

      寧波L貿(mào)易有限公司(以下簡稱L)在2011年1月至12月期間,根據(jù)美國W公司(以下簡稱W)下達(dá)的訂貨單,多次以FOB北侖的方式供貨。2012年7月29日, W將空白的《加工協(xié)議》文本交給L,要求“請簽署后盡快發(fā)還給我”,協(xié)議中包含如下條款:“本協(xié)議包含了雙方有關(guān)加工W公司產(chǎn)品的完整協(xié)議,取代以前雙方關(guān)于此事的所有理解與協(xié)議。如果出現(xiàn)本協(xié)議條款與任何訂貨單的條款不一致之處,以本協(xié)議為準(zhǔn)”及“雙方同意,如果無法在10天內(nèi)解決由本協(xié)議引起的或與本協(xié)議有關(guān)的糾紛時,任何一方可提請國際商會,按照國際商會下的ADR規(guī)則進(jìn)行調(diào)解程序,或在雙方書面確定的其他期限內(nèi),將糾紛提交國際商會,由該商會指定的獨(dú)任仲裁員,按照該會的仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁地點(diǎn)為美國印第安納州的印第安納波利斯,ADR或仲裁語言為英語。” L于7月31日在《加工協(xié)議》上簽字,并于8月1日將協(xié)議文本的pdf文檔以E-mail的方式發(fā)給W,但W未簽署傳回。10月23日,L以E-mail與EMS郵政特快專遞兩種方式,將《關(guān)于撤銷2012年8月1日要約的函》發(fā)給W。10月25日,W回復(fù)郵件,明確表示不接受L的“撤銷”。12月1日,L提起訴訟/仲裁。

      1.3 教學(xué)安排

      向?qū)W生提供全套案卷,并將學(xué)生分為兩組,分別代表L與W,要求起草《管轄權(quán)異議書》與《管轄權(quán)異議答辯書》,并開展模擬訴訟(中文)、模擬仲裁(英文)庭審。

      2 識別問題與法律適用問題

      2.1 案件取材

      寧波市北侖區(qū)人民法院(2012)甬侖商外初字第269號

      2.2 案情摘要

      美國S公司(以下簡稱S)于2012年2月,向?qū)幉↗貿(mào)易有限公司(以下簡稱J)訂購一篇玩具,訂貨單中要求“這些產(chǎn)品供給A公司,請盡快向我們提供樣品以便K先生確認(rèn)。另外,這些產(chǎn)品要求用木頭鑲邊,作犬牙交錯狀,上黑漆,頂部貼花,要求用四色彩盒,不加袋子。要求這款游戲玩具用與以前相同的尼龍搭扣,且要求在兩邊框子上有把手。沙包重十二盎司,其中80%應(yīng)是河沙,海沙至多20%。這些沙包應(yīng)漆成紅色和藍(lán)色(每色四個)?!?012年11月8日,J提起訴訟/仲裁,要求S支付拖欠的貨款。

      2.3 教學(xué)安排

      向?qū)W生提供全套案卷,并將學(xué)生分為兩組,分別代表J與S,討論以下幾個問題:(1)本案應(yīng)識別為“加工承攬合同”還是“買賣合同”?識別的依據(jù)是什么?(2)本案應(yīng)適用《1980年聯(lián)合國銷售貨物合同公約》還是《中國合同法》?

      同時要求學(xué)生圍繞上述問題,起草雙方代理詞相關(guān)部分,并開展模擬訴訟(中文)、模擬仲裁(英文)庭審。

      3 締約能力問題

      3.1 案件取材

      杭州市中級人民法院(2001)杭經(jīng)初字第596號

      3.2 案情摘要

      杭州H對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易有限公司(以下簡稱H)于2001年6月6日聯(lián)系阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國W公司(以下簡稱W)上海代表處,磋商塑料原料PVCS6558購買事宜。6月7日,W上海代表處向H發(fā)送傳真件,載明“關(guān)于寧波港的PVCS6558,就雙方的口頭協(xié)議,確認(rèn)如下:品名PVCS6558(伊朗)、價格USD 480/MT CFR寧波,數(shù)量991.25噸(+/-5%),包裝25公斤袋,交貨2001年6月,付款L/C 30 days at sight請貴司書面確認(rèn),書面合同后補(bǔ)?!盚公司收件后,與左下側(cè)注明“以上條款我司確認(rèn),具體事宜到6月11日協(xié)商待定”,并當(dāng)日將傳真?zhèn)骰豔上海代表處。14日,H告知W上海代表處,由于市場價格走低,拒絕購買貨物。7月2日,W將這批塑料原料PVCS6558出售給中化上海進(jìn)出口公司。11月6日,W提起訴訟/仲裁。

      3.3 教學(xué)安排

      向?qū)W生提供全套案卷,并將學(xué)生分為兩組,分別代表H與W,討論以下幾個問題:(1)H與W之間的合同是否成立? (2)W上海代表處是否有締結(jié)合同的民事權(quán)利能力與民事行為能力?準(zhǔn)據(jù)法是什么?

      同時要求學(xué)生圍繞上述問題,起草雙方代理詞相關(guān)部分,并開展模擬訴訟(中文)、模擬仲裁(英文)庭審。

      4 案件實(shí)體問題一

      4.1 案件取材

      寧波海事法院(2006)甬海法商初字第270號

      4.2 案情摘要

      2005年9月,浙江C控股集團(tuán)有限公司(以下簡稱C)委托Free有限公司為外貿(mào)代理,與國外買方AJ公司簽訂買賣合同;11月,F(xiàn)ree公司委托臺灣H運(yùn)通股份(以下簡稱H)有限公司,將貨物從寧波運(yùn)至美國San Juan。11月2日,H向C簽發(fā)提單,記載C為托運(yùn)人,AJ為收貨人,后H將貨物交給長榮公司實(shí)際承運(yùn)。11月2日,寧波G船務(wù)代理有限公司簽發(fā)了以長榮公司未承運(yùn)人的提單,記載托運(yùn)人為H,收貨人為AJ。AJ拒付貨款,C未將正本提單交付。后Free公司聯(lián)系貨物轉(zhuǎn)賣事宜并與下家簽訂合同。2006年6月,C通過Free公司,要求H公司與長榮公司更改提單收貨人,遭拒絕;要求返還貨物,仍遭拒絕。C遂提起訴訟/仲裁。

      4.3 教學(xué)安排

      向?qū)W生提供全套案卷,并將學(xué)生分為兩組,分別代表H與C,起草雙方代理詞,并開展模擬訴訟庭審。

      5 案件實(shí)體問題二

      5.1 案件取材

      ELEVENTH ANNUAL WILLEM C. VIS INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION MOOT

      5.2 案情摘要

      (1)Equapack, Inc. is in the business of packaging many different types of goods for other companies. Medi-Machines, S.A. is a manufacturer of machinery, including dry foods packaging equipment.

      (2)Equapack had been packing small quantities of products such as tea, coffee, rice, sugar and the like with older machines for some time. On 24 June 2002 Mr. Donald Swan, Works Manager of Equapack, wrote Medi-Machines inquiring into the possibility of purchasing several new machines to pack “a wide range of”dry commodities into retail packages of 500 grams to one kilogram. Mr. Stefan Drake, a salesman for Medi-Machines, answered on 3 July 2002 with an offer of six Model 14 auger-feeder dry commodity packaging machines at US$65,000 per machine. The price was satisfactory and Mr. Swan accepted the order for Equapack on 12 July 2002.

      (3)Although the sale was F.O.B., Medi-Machines was to arrange the shipping for the account of Equapack. Payment for the purchase was made by means of a letter of credit. The account of Equapack, Inc. was debited on 2 August 2002. The six machines were duly delivered on 21 August 2002. They were installed and placed in service on 30 August 2002. During the following month four of the machines were used for packaging a variety of products, including salt. The other two machines were used for all products other than salt. Although the machines worked reasonably well at the beginning, they were slower for most products than had been Equapacks previous experience with similar machines. By the end of the month the machines that had been used to pack salt were showing serious signs of corrosion and could be used only with coarser products, such as coffee beans or rice, and those at a greatly reduced rate. Finer items, such as ground coffee would not pass at all. Furthermore, since the machines were packaging foodstuffs, there was concern that the food itself might become contaminated and it was decided that they should no longer be used.

      (4)On 18 October 2002 Mr. Swan telephoned Mr. Drake to tell him of the corrosion. Mr. Drake asked what products the machines had been used for and when Mr. Swan told him the list, including salt, Mr. Drake replied that the machines were not designed to be used for salt.

      (5)In his letter of 19 October 2002 Mr. Swan went further and declared avoidance of the contract. He offered the packaging machines back to Medi-Machines. Mr. Drake, in his letter of 27 October 2002, did not refer to the declaration of avoidance. Because of the inability to use any further the Model 14 packaging machines purchased from Medi-Machines, Equapack was forced to purchase new machines from Oceanic Machinery, GmbH at a substantially higher price. Two auger-feeders capable of packaging salt cost US$125,000 each while four auger-feeders for all other products cost US$75,000 each. Shipping and customs cost an additional US$45,500. During the period of two months when Equapack was unable to service the contract for which the packaging machines had been purchased from Medi-Machines, Equapack lost US$42,000 in revenue.

      5.3 教學(xué)安排

      向?qū)W生提供全套案卷,并將學(xué)生分為兩組,分別代表E與M,起草雙方代理詞,并開展模擬仲裁庭審(英文)。

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