淺析系動(dòng)詞

鄭冬娥

【摘 要】系詞be以及與實(shí)意動(dòng)詞同形的系動(dòng)詞，如get，turn，go，seem，become等，系詞be用的較廣泛，在文章句型中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，有一般用法，口語用法，虛擬用法，本文著重列舉be的用法。

【關(guān)鍵詞】頻率 一般 口語 虛擬

Be 動(dòng)詞

1一般用法

① to be good at singing 擅長于唱歌（轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）

to be good for， to be ready to， to be keen on， to be sure of等。

② to be nice 挺好的 （是， 為判斷用法）

后接形容詞，名詞，介詞短語。

系詞形式有三種，一般式為am ， is ，are. 過去式為was， were.

原形為be。隨著主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而在變化。系動(dòng)詞的形式很特別。

其它感，變，系動(dòng)詞就兩種形式，第三人稱單數(shù)，和原形動(dòng)詞。

系詞be可直接作助動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成疑問式和否定式。

He is from a city.Is he from a city？ No， he isnt.

He is not from a city.

I am， you are ， he was ， you were.

It will be fine tomorrow.

2特殊用法

（1）作助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)， 將來時(shí)。

He is reading a novel.正在做

I am going to work as a secretary.打算做

He is about to leave here. 計(jì)劃做

（2）系動(dòng)詞可以做助動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化句子的句型，可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

The book is printed now.

（3）下面句子為虛擬語氣

It is important that you （should） work hard.

It is necessary that you （should） work hard.

（4）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

I think you are right. It is I that think you are right.

I often help her do homework. It is her that I often help

do homework.

（5）用在助動(dòng)詞之后

Tomorrow the weather will be fine。

（6）There be句型

There is a big tree in front of your house.

（7）口語

Here it is. Here is your key.

（8）問候語

How are you.

（9）祈使句.

Please be quiet

（10）What is he？他做什么工作？（含蓄的用法，直譯錯(cuò)）

在句子里，練習(xí)be系動(dòng)詞和主語人稱，數(shù)的搭配，結(jié)合代詞格的學(xué)習(xí)，以及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的概念，可謂事倍功倍。

其它用法

1）表類比

What is this？ This is a ruler. What is that？ That is a picture.

these， those 用法同，

2）在人們初次認(rèn)識(shí)時(shí)，首先想了解對方的姓名，年齡，職業(yè)，家庭住址，家庭成員等以下用法， 用系動(dòng)詞表達(dá)精辟明了。

例（1）What is your name？ Where are you form？ How old are you？

How many people are there in your family？ 生活常用語

（2）Today is Friday. Who is on duty today？ Dont be late next time. He is a hardworking student.The bell is ringing. How are you getting along with your studies？ My study is going well. 學(xué)生用語實(shí)踐

（3）Where there is a will，there is a way. It is no use crying over the spilt milk.

（諺）

常用系動(dòng)詞是基礎(chǔ)英語的搖籃。

略談其它系詞

The bread smells sour. The water fells cold. The weather gets colder. The color looks fine. The production becomes big. The crop grows well.The song sounds sweet.半系動(dòng)詞的用法。表達(dá)生動(dòng)。

學(xué)習(xí)系詞，和學(xué)習(xí)其它動(dòng)詞密不可分，但和別的動(dòng)詞又有區(qū)別，它做為入門階段內(nèi)容的一部分，只要多分析，多總結(jié)，多練習(xí)就能全面掌握它的內(nèi)容。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)由易到難，由一般到特殊。英語中用的頻率較高的內(nèi)容還有定冠詞the

，還有介詞，介詞短語的用法。學(xué)習(xí)語言表達(dá)靠邏輯分析，不需死記硬背；學(xué)習(xí)詞匯，靠的是語音的反射。學(xué)習(xí)語言規(guī)則，要腳踏實(shí)地，要學(xué)的準(zhǔn)，學(xué)習(xí)語言片斷，需靈活觀察。學(xué)習(xí)搭配很關(guān)鍵，短語是拓展用法，特殊句型需留心語言環(huán)境。中專英語一冊內(nèi)容注重生活情節(jié)，故淺析，不同深度的內(nèi)容，用不同模式解析，理解。

Practice

①am a nurse. He is a manager. She is a secretary. It is a building.

You are a lawer.

②We are children. They are kids. You are schoolboys. These are new magazines. Those are some flowers.

③My dictionary is lended. Is this yours？ No，that is his.

Our classroom is very big， there are many students in it.

④The woman is her mother. Your teachers are in our school.

⑤Who is your home room teacher？ My parents are over forty.

以上句子，所做速度快慢檢查熟練程度。