復(fù)合不定代詞和復(fù)合不定副詞語法

李姝

一、復(fù)合不定代詞及復(fù)合不定副詞

二、復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式

例：Everyone knows me here.

三、形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時形容詞放后

例：There is something new in todays newspaper.

四、any以及any構(gòu)成的詞多用于否定句、疑問句、if條件句和含否定詞的句子中

例：If you dont want anything， please let me know.

He is too busy to see anyone come in.

The boy is too heavy for anyone to carry.

Anyone doesnt know me here. 應(yīng)改成No one knows me here.

注意：①any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中不可作主語而應(yīng)換成相應(yīng)的

②any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為完全否定

not… any=no

not… any one/ anybody=none/ nobody

not… anything=nothing

not… anywhere=nowhere

例：I cant see anything in the room.=I can see nothing in the room.

③any以及any構(gòu)成的詞也可用于肯定句

any 任何一個 any one=anybody 任何人 anything任何事物

例：He is taller than anyone else in my class.

五、every以及every構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為不完全否定

例：He knows everything. 改否定句：He knows nothing

而不能改成He doesnt know everything. 他不是事事都懂（否一半）。

六、表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞用人稱代詞、物主代詞替換時一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，有時又可用單數(shù)，這要根據(jù)上下文來決定

①If anyone invites you， you have to meet them on time. （前面用單數(shù)，后面是賓格復(fù)數(shù)them）

拓展思維：人稱代詞有主格賓格之分，主格有I， he， she， it， you， we， they. 賓格有me， him， her， it， you， us， them.主格的要放在主語位置，賓格的要放在賓語位置。主語位置一般放在句首，如：I am a teacher.在英語中，賓格有兩個位置，一個在動詞后跟賓語，注意不是所有的動詞都需要跟賓語。另一個在介詞后跟賓語。

如：I give him a book. 這里的give是動詞，him是give的賓語（賓語的作用是使謂語所表達(dá)的意思更加完整和清楚），因?yàn)閔im的位置是賓語，所以如果在這個位置上用的是人稱代詞，就得用賓格，而不能用主格的he。

②No one knows me here， do they？ （前面用單數(shù)，后面是復(fù)數(shù)they）

③Everyone is doing their homework now.

④If anyone calls me， tell him/ her to call back after 8：00.

七、none做主語時，謂語可單可復(fù)

例：None of us go/ goes to school by bus.

None of us is a cook.

【測一測】

1. All of us were invited， but ____ of us came.

A. neither B. none C. both

2. She listened carefully，but heard ____.

A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. nothing

3. ——Do you have ____ to say for yourself？

——NO，I have ____ to say.

A. something； everything B. nothing； something

C. everything； anything D. anything； nothing

4. Why not ask ____ to help you.

A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D.none

5. ——“There isnt ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me？”

——“All right.”

A. some； some B. any； any C. some； any D. any； some

6. Today， ____ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.

A. much too B. too much C. many too D. too many

7. Theres ____ with his eyes. Hes OK.

A. angthing wrong B. wrong something

C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing

8. “Havent you forgotten ____？”“____，oh，forgot my bag.”

A. anything； Excuse me B. something； Excuse me

C. something； Pardon D. everything； Pardon

9. Put it down， Richard. You mustnt read ____ letter.

A. anyones elses B. anyones else

C. anyone elses D. anyone else

10. Be quiet！I have ____ to tell you.

A. important anything B. anything important

C. important something D. something important

11. Im going to move ____. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.

A. somewhere quiet B. quiet somewhere

C. anywhere quiet D. quiet anywhere

12. ——Is there ____ in todays newspaper？

——Yes. Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully.

A. nothing new B. anything new

C. new nothing D. new anything

Keys： BDDBD DCACD AB

請用不定代詞及不定副詞填空。（some， any， something， someone， somebody， somewhere， anything， anyone， anybody， anywhere， no one， nobody， nothing）

1. Do you have ____ questions？

2. Maybe ____ put my dictionary ____. I cant find it ____.

3. Im so thirsty. Shall we get ____ to drink？

4. I dont think ____ knows her new address.

5. Theres ____ in the new cupboard. Its empty now.

6. ____ is too difficult if you put your heart into it.

7. I think you can find him ____ in the school.

8. ____ can run fasther than he. Hes the winner.

9. Could you tell ____ different between the two pictures？

10. Please help yourself to ____ soup.