2013年中國(guó)十大流行語(yǔ)

文/From+thechinastory.org+譯/趙青奇

1. China Dream 中國(guó)夢(mèng)

Xinhua lists Xi Jinping's signature phrase as the most popular word of 2013. The description names the "great rejuvenation1） of the Chinese people" as a key component of the China Dream.

新華網(wǎng)將習(xí)近平主席提出的這個(gè)特色詞語(yǔ)列為2013年最流行的詞語(yǔ)，并在對(duì)該詞的描述中指出，“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的核心內(nèi)容是“實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興”。

2. Empty plate 光盤

A play on words2）， this catch phrase3） uses the same characters as used for optical disk （e.g. CD or DVD） but in 2013 it was a central feature of Xi's austerity4） and anti-corruption campaign. "Empty plate" is a call to the people， especially government officials， to finish all the food on their plates and not waste food， as is common at formal banquets.

這一口號(hào)玩了個(gè)文字游戲?！肮獗P”本意為“激光唱盤”（比如CD或DVD），但在2013年卻成為習(xí)近平主席發(fā)起的節(jié)約和反腐運(yùn)動(dòng)的一個(gè)代名詞。“光盤”行動(dòng)呼吁人們，尤其是政府官員，吃光盤子里的所有食物，不要浪費(fèi)糧食，因?yàn)槿缃衽e辦的正式宴會(huì)普遍存在浪費(fèi)糧食的現(xiàn)象。

3. Uncouth5） nouveau riche6） 土豪

Originally meaning "local strongman"， this word became an Internet meme7） and quickly made it into the mainstream media and daily conversation in China in 2013. It refers to uncouth， ostentatious8）， and aggressive nouveau riche and bling bling9） that is to their taste.

這個(gè)詞原指“地方惡霸”，在2013年成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語(yǔ)，并迅速涌入中國(guó)的主流媒體和人們的日常會(huì)話中，用來(lái)形容那些粗魯、自負(fù)、愛(ài)炫富的暴發(fā)戶以及他們對(duì)奢華的熱衷。

4. He-girl 女漢子

China Radio International's list translates this as "female man" and gives the following definition： the term refers to a boyish girl or a woman with masculine characteristics. In August 2013， photos of a Russian model went viral10）. The woman had a very pretty face and an extremely muscular physique. Since then， the term has been used broadly in China to describe women with masculine features. Some feminist groups have argued that this phrase discriminates against women， since it is basically saying that good characteristics such as independence， strength， and aggressiveness are masculine， and that women with these characteristics are not "feminine".

中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)網(wǎng)的榜單將“女漢子”翻譯為“female man”，并給出如下解釋：該詞指“假小子”或“純爺們姑娘”。2013年8月，一位俄羅斯模特的照片在網(wǎng)上躥紅。這位美女臉蛋非常漂亮，肌肉異常發(fā)達(dá)。此后，“女漢子”一詞在中國(guó)就被廣泛用來(lái)形容男性化的女性。一些女權(quán)主義團(tuán)體認(rèn)為，該詞是對(duì)女性的歧視，因?yàn)檫@基本等于是在宣稱，諸如獨(dú)立、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和進(jìn)取這類優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)只屬于男性，而擁有這些品質(zhì)的女性就沒(méi)有“女人味”。

5. Big V 大V

The Xinhua article defines Big Vs as people who are very active on Weibo and have millions of fans， and then goes on to talk about the rumors that such people have circulated， and the arrest of Xue Manzi and his televised confessions and apologies for his irresponsible behavior on Weibo， and other elements of the crackdown11） on Big Vs of 2013.endprint

新華網(wǎng)的文章定義“大V”為擁有百萬(wàn)粉絲且特別活躍的新浪微博用戶，然后接著談到這些大V們散布的謠言，談到薛蠻子被捕及其在電視上公開(kāi)懺悔并為自己在微博上不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為道歉，還談到2013年對(duì)大V們懲治打壓的其他舉措。

6. Big mama 大媽

China Radio International defines this phrase thusly： the Chinese term "dama" is literally "big mama"， referring to those "bargain hunting" middle-aged Chinese women who keep a tight grip on the family purse and an eagle eye on the gold prices in jewelry shops.

中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)網(wǎng)對(duì)該詞的定義如下：漢語(yǔ)中的“大媽”一詞從字面意思來(lái)講相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)中的“big mama”，是指那些“愛(ài)淘便宜貨”的中國(guó)中年婦女，她們牢掌家庭財(cái)政大權(quán)，密切關(guān)注珠寶店的黃金價(jià)格。

7. My little friends and I are shocked

我伙呆

From China Radio International： this Chinese term is short for a sentence literally meaning "My little friends and I are shocked". Its actual roots lie in an article written by a pupil. The student said his little friends and he were shocked after finding out where Chinese rice dumplings originated. Since then， the sentence has been extensively used to describe people's shock after discovering a new or hot fact.

以下是來(lái)自中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)網(wǎng)的解釋：漢語(yǔ)“我伙呆”一詞是一個(gè)句子的簡(jiǎn)寫，字面意思是“我和我的小伙伴們都驚呆了”。該詞實(shí)際上語(yǔ)出一名小學(xué)生的作文。這名小學(xué)生寫道，得知粽子的由來(lái)后，他和他的小伙伴們都驚呆了。此后，這句話被廣泛用于形容人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新奇事物或熱門事件后的驚訝之情。

8. Haze 霧霾

Xinhua notes that 2013 has seen the worst air pollution on record in many places across China and quotes environmental specialists as saying that the current time is a peak smog time for China because of economic development， but notes that solutions are being sought.

新華網(wǎng)指出，2013年，中國(guó)許多地方出現(xiàn)了有記載以來(lái)前所未有的嚴(yán)重大氣污染。該網(wǎng)站引述環(huán)保專家的話說(shuō)，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，中國(guó)當(dāng)前進(jìn)入霧霾的高發(fā)期，但同時(shí)也指出解決方案正在研究之中。

1. rejuvenation [r??d?u?v??ne??n] n. 恢復(fù)活力

2. play on words： 用雙關(guān)語(yǔ)

3. catch phrase： 時(shí)行的話；口號(hào)

4. austerity [??ster?ti] n. 嚴(yán)格的節(jié)制消費(fèi)，（國(guó)家開(kāi)支上的）緊縮，縮減

5. uncouth [?n?ku?θ] adj. 無(wú)教養(yǎng)的；不雅的

6. nouveau riche

[?nu?v?? ?ri??] n. <法>暴發(fā)戶

7. meme [mi?m] n. 文化基因

8. ostentatious [??sten?te???s] adj. （人）炫耀的，賣弄的

9. bling bling： 奢華高檔的首飾或服裝等

10. go viral： （指通過(guò)電子郵件或社交網(wǎng)站）廣泛傳播

11. crackdown [?kr?kda?n] n. 制裁；鎮(zhèn)壓

12. underdog [??nd?d?ɡ] n. （在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或斗爭(zhēng)中）失敗的人（或一方）；處于劣勢(shì)的人（或一方）endprint