孫 昕
遼寧省大連市第五人民醫(yī)院麻醉科,遼寧大連116000
全麻復(fù)合不同成分局麻藥行雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯用于甲狀腺手術(shù)臨床效果觀察
孫 昕
遼寧省大連市第五人民醫(yī)院麻醉科,遼寧大連116000
目的比較全身麻醉術(shù)后芬太尼靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛與全身麻醉復(fù)合不同成分局麻藥行雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯用于甲狀腺手術(shù)的麻醉與鎮(zhèn)痛效果。方法選擇擇期行全麻甲狀腺手術(shù)患者63例,隨機(jī)分為二組,A組氣管內(nèi)全麻術(shù)后芬太尼靜脈泵鎮(zhèn)痛;BL組與BLF組氣管內(nèi)全麻復(fù)合雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯,BL組局麻藥為0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因20 mL,BLF組局麻藥為0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因20 mL+1 μg/kg芬太尼。二組均采用相同藥物誘導(dǎo)、氣管插管、機(jī)械通氣、術(shù)中靜脈持續(xù)輸注丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼,并間斷靜脈注射順式阿曲庫(kù)銨維持麻醉。分別記錄麻醉前(T0)、切皮(T1)、切皮后15 min(T2)、縫皮(T3)、氣管拔管時(shí)(T4)、氣管拔管后5 min(T5)、氣管拔管后10 min(T6)的血壓及心率變化、麻醉藥物用量、蘇醒及氣管拔管時(shí)間、術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)效及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果A組MAP和HR在T1~6明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。各時(shí)間點(diǎn)丙泊酚(10 mg/mL)及瑞芬太尼(40 μg/mL)輸注速率,A組明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。剝離甲狀腺至切除,各組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。比較蘇醒、拔管及開口回答問題時(shí)間,A組明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后2、4、6、12、24 h疼痛VAS評(píng)分,A組在2 h內(nèi)評(píng)分明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組術(shù)后4、6 h評(píng)分高于A組與BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在2 h后A組與BLF組疼痛時(shí)效差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。BL組4 h內(nèi)VAS評(píng)分與BLF組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。A組術(shù)后12例發(fā)生惡心、嘔吐及嗜睡等不良反應(yīng)明顯高于BL組(3例)和BLF組(1例),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論全麻復(fù)合鹽酸羅哌卡因與芬太尼混合液行雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯用于甲狀腺手術(shù)圍術(shù)期心血管系統(tǒng)平穩(wěn),麻醉藥用量少,蘇醒快且平穩(wěn)無躁動(dòng),術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛效果好,時(shí)間長(zhǎng),不良反應(yīng)小,可安全用于甲狀腺手術(shù)的麻醉。
雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯;全身麻醉;甲狀腺手術(shù);局麻藥
甲狀腺手術(shù)目前一般多采用全身麻醉,可取得良好的鎮(zhèn)靜,鎮(zhèn)痛效果,便于呼吸管理,心血管系統(tǒng)相對(duì)平穩(wěn)。完善的術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛會(huì)減少術(shù)后炎性因子的釋放,減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,有利于早期康復(fù)。本研究對(duì)63例全麻甲狀腺手術(shù)采用不同的麻醉及術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛方法,以選擇出更為理想的麻醉鎮(zhèn)痛方案。
1.1 一般資料
擇期全麻甲狀腺手術(shù)患者63例,ASA分級(jí)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí),年齡28~76歲,體重48~85 kg,排除胸骨后巨大甲狀腺腫及甲狀腺癌行頸廓清術(shù)者,術(shù)前無心肺疾病,肝、腎及甲狀腺功能正常。均經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)通過,患者知情并簽署麻醉知情同意書。隨機(jī)分為二組,每組21例。A組氣管內(nèi)全麻,術(shù)后芬太尼PCIA泵(自控靜脈止痛泵)鎮(zhèn)痛;BL組與BLF組氣管內(nèi)全麻復(fù)合雙側(cè)頸淺叢阻滯,BL組局麻藥為0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因20 mL,BLF組局麻藥為0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因20 mL+ 1 μg/kg芬太尼。
1.2 麻醉方法
患者均未術(shù)前用藥。入室后開放靜脈。Detex多功能監(jiān)護(hù)儀持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)無創(chuàng)血壓、心率、血氧飽和度、心電圖及呼氣末二氧化碳。鹽酸戊乙奎醚1 mg靜脈注射。麻醉誘導(dǎo),丙泊酚2 mg/kg,順式阿曲庫(kù)銨0.3 mg/kg,芬太尼2.5 μg/kg,氣管插管成功后行機(jī)械通氣。BL與BLF組于手術(shù)開始前行雙側(cè)頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯,BL組局麻藥為0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因20 mL,BLF組局麻藥為0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因20mL+1μg/kg芬太尼,每側(cè)10mL。麻醉維持均微量泵輸注丙泊酚4~8 mg/(kg·h),瑞芬太尼1~3 μg/(kg·h)并間斷靜脈注射順式阿曲庫(kù)銨庫(kù)銨5~10 mg維持麻醉。收縮壓高于術(shù)前30 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),或心率高于術(shù)前30次/min以上,認(rèn)為麻醉過淺,增加丙泊酚或瑞芬太尼輸入量,有吞咽或肢動(dòng)者視情況給予順式阿曲庫(kù)銨5~10 mg。收縮壓<80 mm Hg,加快輸液,減少丙泊酚或瑞芬太尼輸入量,若無效則靜脈注射鹽酸麻黃堿15 mg,心率<50次/min,則靜脈注射阿托品0.5mg。手術(shù)結(jié)束前10min,A組接靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛泵(型號(hào)CBI,駝人醫(yī)療器械)術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛,藥液成分格拉司瓊3 mg+芬太尼1.0~1.5 mg/100 mL(芬太尼10~15 μg/mL)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
分別記錄麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后切皮(T1)、切皮后15 min(T2)、縫皮(T3)、氣管拔管時(shí)(T4)、氣管拔管后5 min(T5)、氣管拔管后10 min(T6)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的血壓及心率變化、丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼的用量情況,術(shù)畢蘇醒、氣管拔管時(shí)間及回答問題時(shí)間,術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛效果采用視覺模擬評(píng)分(VAS)法,完全無痛為0分,無法忍受的劇烈疼痛為10分。1~3分為輕微疼痛,4~6分為中度疼痛,7~10分為重度疼痛。記錄術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛的有效時(shí)間,VAS≤3分為有效鎮(zhèn)痛。記錄術(shù)后惡心、嘔吐及嗜睡等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 14.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 三組一般資料比較
二組患者年齡、體重、性別比、手術(shù)時(shí)間一般情況比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
表1 三組患者一般資料的比較(±s,n=21)
表1 三組患者一般資料的比較(±s,n=21)
組別年齡(歲)體重(k g)性別比(例,男/女)手術(shù)時(shí)間(h)A組BL組BLF組4 6 . 1 ± 1 5 . 5 4 1 . 5 ± 1 8 . 3 4 7 . 3 ± 1 4 . 7 5 8 . 2 ± 1 1 . 6 6 0 . 4 ± 1 4 . 3 6 2 . 0 ± 1 3 . 2 3 / 1 8 2 / 1 9 2 / 1 9 3 . 1 ± 0 . 2 3 . 0 ± 0 . 5 3 . 1 ± 0 . 3
2.2 三組患者各時(shí)間點(diǎn)平均動(dòng)脈壓和心率的變化比較
A組MAP和HR在T1~6明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。二組術(shù)前MAP及HR比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼輸注速率的比較
各時(shí)間點(diǎn)丙泊酚(10 mg/mL)及瑞芬太尼(40 μg/mL)輸注速率,A組明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與Ba組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。剝離甲狀腺至切除,各組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表3。
表2 三組患者各時(shí)間點(diǎn)平均動(dòng)脈壓和心率的變化比較(s,n=21)
表2 三組患者各時(shí)間點(diǎn)平均動(dòng)脈壓和心率的變化比較(s,n=21)
注:與A組比較,*P<0.05;MAP;平均動(dòng)腦壓;HR:心率;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa
指標(biāo)T0T1T2T3T4T5T6M A P(m m H g)A組BL組BLF組H R(次/ m i n)A組B L組BLF組7 5 . 4 ± 7 . 1 7 6 . 1 ± 7 . 0 7 5 . 9 ± 7 . 2 8 5 . 2 ± 8 . 9 6 7 . 3 ± 7 . 2*6 6 . 5 ± 8 . 1*7 0 . 1 ± 8 . 1 6 6 . 3 ± 7 . 0*6 5 . 7 ± 7 . 2*8 0 . 3 ± 7 . 4 6 8 . 0 ± 7 . 5*6 6 . 7 ± 7 . 0*8 8 . 5 ± 8 . 9 6 8 . 2 ± 7 . 5*6 8 . 5 ± 7 . 3*9 0 . 1 ± 8 . 9 7 0 . 2 ± 6 . 7*1 . 3 ± 8 . 0*8 9 . 3 ± 7 . 6 7 3 . 1 ± 8 . 8*6 9 . 5 ± 7 . 8*7 5 . 1 ± 7 . 3 7 1 . 8 ± 9 . 8 7 2 . 4 ± 8 . 3 8 3 . 2 ± 5 . 6 6 0 . 5 ± 4 . 5 6 0 . 3 ± 5 . 2 7 7 . 6 ± 7 . 5 6 1 . 3 ± 3 . 5 6 1 . 5 ± 4 . 3 8 8 . 0 ± 9 . 5 6 3 . 3 ± 5 . 1 6 4 . 2 ± 4 . 7 9 0 . 7 ± 1 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 ± 7 . 2 6 9 . 3 ± 6 . 1 8 9 . 3 ± 1 0 . 2 7 3 . 3 ± 5 . 4 7 1 . 5 ± 6 . 5 8 6 . 3 ± 6 . 2 7 2 . 1 ± 7 . 9 7 0 . 9 ± 6 . 7
表3 三組丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼輸注速率的比較(mL/h,±s,n=21)
表3 三組丙泊酚及瑞芬太尼輸注速率的比較(mL/h,±s,n=21)
組別T1T2T3剝離甲狀腺至切除A組丙泊酚瑞芬太尼BL組丙泊酚瑞芬太尼BLF組丙泊酚瑞芬太尼3 7 . 3 ± 3 . 1 1 7 . 3 ± 1 . 9 3 6 . 3 ± 4 . 2 1 7 . 5 ± 2 . 1 2 8 . 3 ± 5 . 7 1 3 . 8 ± 2 . 5 3 6 . 3 ± 3 . 5 1 6 . 3 ± 2 . 6 2 1 . 7 ± 4 . 5 1 1 . 1 ± 2 . 1 2 2 . 6 ± 5 . 3 1 1 . 9 ± 1 . 7 1 6 . 7 ± 4 . 9 1 0 . 8 ± 2 . 1 3 5 . 2 ± 4 . 1 1 5 . 7 ± 1 . 9 2 0 . 4 ± 5 . 1 1 0 . 8 ± 2 . 3 2 1 . 7 ± 4 . 5 1 1 . 2 ± 3 . 1 1 5 . 3 ± 2 . 5 1 0 . 7 ± 2 . 5 3 3 . 7 ± 3 . 9 1 5 . 2 ± 2 . 3
2.4 三組麻醉恢復(fù)情況比較
患者呼喚睜眼,對(duì)所提問題可點(diǎn)頭或搖頭表示回答即視為蘇醒,自主呼吸良好時(shí)可拔出氣管導(dǎo)管。比較蘇醒、拔管及開口回答問題時(shí)間,A組明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表4。
表4 三組麻醉恢復(fù)情況比較(min±s,n=21)
表4 三組麻醉恢復(fù)情況比較(min±s,n=21)
注:計(jì)算時(shí)間由縫皮最后一針起計(jì)時(shí)
組別睜眼時(shí)間拔管時(shí)間回答問題時(shí)間A組B L組BLF組1 3 . 2 ± 2 . 5 5 . 7 ± 2 . 4 6 . 0 ± 2 . 7 1 4 . 8 ± 3 . 1 7 . 5 ± 3 . 3 7 . 3 ± 2 . 9 1 6 . 5 ± 3 . 8 8 . 3 ± 2 . 1 8 . 5 ± 1 . 9
2.5 三組術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分比較
記錄患者術(shù)畢、術(shù)后2、4、6、12、24 h疼痛VAS評(píng)分,A組在2 h內(nèi)評(píng)分明顯高于BL組和BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組術(shù)后4、6 h評(píng)分高于A組與BLF組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在術(shù)后2 h A組與BLF組疼痛時(shí)效差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。BL組4 h內(nèi)VAS評(píng)分與BLF組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表5。
表5 三組術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分比較(分s,n=21)
表5 三組術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分比較(分s,n=21)
注:與A組比較,aP<0.05;與BL組比較,bP<0.05
組別術(shù)畢術(shù)后2 h術(shù)后4 h術(shù)后6 h術(shù)后1 2 h術(shù)后2 4 h A組BL組BLF組4 . 8 ± 1 . 7 1 . 2 ± 1 . 3a1 . 9 ± 0 . 8a4 . 1 ± 0 . 8 2 . 0 ± 0 . 7a1 . 8 ± 0 . 8a2 . 6 ± 1 . 8 3 . 3 ± 1 . 5a1 . 7 ± 0 . 6b2 . 7 ± 1 . 2 4 . 8 ± 1 . 3a1 . 8 ± 0 . 7b2 . 4 ± 0 . 5 5 . 3 ± 1 . 8 1 . 3 ± 0 . 5 2 . 5 ± 0 . 6 5 . 5 ± 2 . 1 2 . 3 ± 0 . 7
2.6 術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況
A組術(shù)后12例發(fā)生惡心、嘔吐及嗜睡等不良反應(yīng)明顯高于BL組3例和BLF組1例,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BL組與BLF組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
甲狀腺手術(shù)采用全身麻醉可取得良好的鎮(zhèn)靜,鎮(zhèn)痛效果,而且便于呼吸管理,心血管系統(tǒng)相對(duì)平穩(wěn)。全麻誘導(dǎo)之后行雙側(cè)頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯,在切皮,懸吊皮瓣,分離肌肉,暴露甲狀腺時(shí),無需加深麻醉,循環(huán)系統(tǒng)無明顯波動(dòng),麻醉平穩(wěn),僅需在頸深叢阻滯區(qū)域操作及剝離甲狀腺致甲狀腺激素受擠壓入血時(shí)適當(dāng)加深麻醉。而在關(guān)閉切口時(shí),能良好地耐受手術(shù),提前減少靜脈麻醉藥用量而心血管系統(tǒng)仍可以保持平穩(wěn)。有研究表明,丙泊酚輸注超過30 μg/(kg·min)時(shí),人??砂l(fā)生遺忘[1],而且阿片類藥物增強(qiáng)了丙泊酚的催眠作用,因此在較少量輸注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼時(shí)并不會(huì)發(fā)生術(shù)中知曉。術(shù)畢可迅速蘇醒、拔管、回答問題,術(shù)后無躁動(dòng)。因此比單純?nèi)楸捶蛹叭鸱姨嵊昧可偾衣樽砥椒€(wěn)。
術(shù)后疼痛可導(dǎo)致一系列有害后果:手術(shù)引起組織損傷,導(dǎo)致組胺等炎癥介質(zhì)釋放,血管擴(kuò)張,血漿滲出[2]。術(shù)后疼痛興奮交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致血壓升高,心率加快,對(duì)有心血管疾病的患者尤為有害。芬太尼PCA靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛是目前常用的一種全身用藥鎮(zhèn)痛方式,其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間長(zhǎng),無時(shí)間限制,鎮(zhèn)痛作用較強(qiáng),但阿片類藥物引起惡心、嘔吐、嗜睡等副作用亦不容忽視。甲狀腺手術(shù)術(shù)后疼痛為中等度疼痛,患者普遍認(rèn)為與術(shù)后疼痛相比較術(shù)后惡心嘔吐所帶來的不適更為嚴(yán)重[3]。術(shù)后惡心嘔吐可導(dǎo)致傷口裂開、術(shù)后出血增加、誤吸及吸入性肺炎等嚴(yán)重后果。阿片類藥物是術(shù)后發(fā)生惡心嘔吐的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素,其機(jī)制可能是通過δ受體刺激位于極后區(qū)的化學(xué)感受帶導(dǎo)致惡心嘔吐的發(fā)生[4]。全麻復(fù)合雙側(cè)頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯,術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛完全依賴于外周神經(jīng)阻滯,有研究表明,外周局部鎮(zhèn)痛效果明顯優(yōu)于全身應(yīng)用阿片類藥物,鎮(zhèn)痛作用部位準(zhǔn)確,效果完善,明顯減少阿片類藥物的用量甚至可以將其取代,能降低阿片類藥物引起的惡心、嘔吐、嗜睡、便秘等副作用[5-6]。頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯使用0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因鎮(zhèn)痛有效時(shí)間為6~8 h,鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間較短,加入阿片類藥物用于外周局部鎮(zhèn)痛,能產(chǎn)生大約24 h的有效鎮(zhèn)痛[7],因?yàn)榘⑵愃幬锱c局麻藥有協(xié)同作用,延長(zhǎng)鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間強(qiáng)化鎮(zhèn)痛效果。阿片受體主要存在于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),也分布于外周神經(jīng)末梢,阿片類藥物能夠直接與外周神經(jīng)末梢上的受體結(jié)合產(chǎn)生局部鎮(zhèn)痛作用[8]。曹哲[9]、劉凌燕等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)局麻藥中加入芬太尼進(jìn)行神經(jīng)阻滯,比單純局麻藥用于神經(jīng)阻滯時(shí)鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間更長(zhǎng),且外周神經(jīng)阻滯鎮(zhèn)痛的一個(gè)明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)是減少了阿片類藥物的用量,推薦芬太尼最佳用量為1 μg/kg。頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯操作簡(jiǎn)單,并發(fā)癥很少。低濃度鹽酸羅哌卡因具有較少的心血管毒性,作用時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),故本研究采用鹽酸羅哌卡因。由于阿片類藥物用量少,術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛完善,極少有老年患者出現(xiàn)術(shù)后譫妄及術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能障礙,增加了老年患者的手術(shù)安全性。
綜上所述,全身麻醉復(fù)合0.375%鹽酸羅哌卡因+芬太尼1 μg/kg混合液行雙側(cè)頸淺叢神經(jīng)阻滯具有麻醉平穩(wěn)、丙泊酚及阿片類藥物用量少、術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、鎮(zhèn)痛完善、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低的顯著優(yōu)勢(shì),可安全用于甲狀腺手術(shù)。
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Observation on clinical effect of general anesthesia combined with different ingredients of local anesthetics taking bilateral cervical plexus block for thyroid surgery
SUN XinDepartment of Anesthesiology,the Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian City,Liaoning Province,Dalian116000,China
Objective To compare the anesthesia and analgesia effect of general anesthesia and general anesthesia combined with different ingredients of local anesthetics taking bilateral cervical plexus block for thyroid surgery. Methods 63 patients with thyroid surgery undergoing selective general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups, group A was taken endotracheal general anesthesia,postoperative PCIA pump intravenous analgesia;group BLand group BLFwere taken endotracheal general anesthesia compound bilateral cervical plexus block,and BLgroup of local anesthetics was 0.375%Ropivacaine 20 mL,BLFgroup of local anesthetics was 0.375%Ropivacaine 20 mL+1 μg/kg Fentanyl.Three groups all used Propofol,cis atracurium,Fentanyl vein rapid sequence induction,endotracheal intubation,intraoperative trace pump infusion of Propofol and Refentanyl,and intermittent intravenous cis atracurium to maintain anesthesia.Before anesthesia(T0),cut skin(T1),15 min after the cut leather(T2),sewing leather(T3),when tracheal extubation(T4)and tracheal extubation after 5 min(T5),10 min after tracheal extubation(T6)of blood pressure and heart rate changes,the dosage of anesthetic,awakening and tracheal extubation time,postoperative pain time and adverse reactions occur were recored.Results MAP and HR at T1~6of group A were significantly higher than those of group BLand BLF,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The difference of group BLwith BLFwas not sta-tistically significant(P>0.05).Propofol at each time point(10 mg/mL)and Refentanyl(40 μg/mL)infusion rate,group A was obviously higher than group BLand BLF,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference of group BLcompared with group BLF(P>0.05).Stripping to resection of thyroid,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared to tube drawing and open to answer the question time,group A was significantly higher than group BLand BLF,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference of group BLcompared with group BLF(P>0.05).After 2,4,6,12,24 h pain VAS score showed that,score within 2 h of group A was significantly higher than group BLand group BLF,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).At postoperative 4,6 h,the score of group BLwas higher than group A and group BLF, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In group A with BLFpain after 2 h,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The difference of VAS score within 4 h of group BLand group BLFwas not statistically significant(P>0.05).12 cases of group A of postoperative adverse reactions such as nausea,vomiting and somnolence were significantly higher than the group BL(3 cases)and group BLF(1 case),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between group BLand group BLF(P>0.05).Conclusion General anesthesia compound Ropivacaine with Fentanyl mixture bilateral neck shallow plexus anesthesia for thyroid surgery perioperative cardiovascular system stable,less dosage of anesthetic,wake up fast and smooth without agitation, postoperative analgesic effect is good,time is long,with small adverse reactions,which can be safely used in anesthesia for thyroid surgery.
Bilateral cervical plexus block;General anesthesia;Thyroid surgery;Local anesthetics
R614.2
A
1673-7210(2014)02(b)-0081-04
2013-10-18本文編輯:張瑜杰)