• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

      青光眼患者抑郁發(fā)病機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)展

      2014-01-22 08:14:16沈光林馬曉萍孫興懷
      中國(guó)臨床醫(yī)學(xué) 2014年4期
      關(guān)鍵詞:神經(jīng)節(jié)青光眼發(fā)病率

      沈光林 馬曉萍 孫興懷

      (1.復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院眼科,上海 200032;2.復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬眼耳鼻喉科醫(yī)院眼科,上海 200031)

      青光眼是一種進(jìn)行性神經(jīng)退行性病變,是世界上第二大致盲性疾病,近年來青光眼的發(fā)病率逐年升高,估計(jì)2010年全球約有6千萬例青光眼患者[1]。研究[2-3]發(fā)現(xiàn),青光眼與精神狀態(tài)密切相關(guān),由于青光眼的不可逆性和最終的致盲結(jié)局,給患者造成較重的心理負(fù)擔(dān)。既往研究[4-5]顯示,10%~12%的青光眼患者有抑郁表現(xiàn),在嚴(yán)重的青光眼患者中,抑郁的發(fā)病率可達(dá)32.1%[6]。有研究[7]發(fā)現(xiàn),抑郁會(huì)影響青光眼患者的藥物依從性。青光眼患者中抑郁的發(fā)病與多種因素相關(guān),如年齡、青光眼的嚴(yán)重程度等。目前,青光眼患者抑郁的具體發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清楚,可能與褪黑激素的作用有關(guān)。常用醫(yī)院焦慮抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scales,HADS)來評(píng)估青光眼患者的抑郁狀況[8]。20年來,對(duì)青光眼患者生活質(zhì)量的研究越來越多,青光眼患者的心理狀況也受到重視[9],因此,對(duì)于青光眼患者除了進(jìn)行藥物、手術(shù)等治療外,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行心理治療。

      1 流行病學(xué)特點(diǎn)

      近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)青光眼患者的抑郁狀況進(jìn)行了流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,大部分研究結(jié)果顯示青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)病率較高,抑郁與青光眼關(guān)系密切。Wang 等[10]對(duì)美國(guó)2005—2008年的青光眼患者進(jìn)行大樣本的橫斷面研究,結(jié)果顯示,青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)病率為10.9%。Mabuchi等[5]對(duì)日本200例原發(fā)性開角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG)患者的多中心調(diào)查顯示,10.9%的青光眼患者有抑郁表現(xiàn)。澳大利亞青光眼患者中抑郁的發(fā)病率為19.09%[6];英國(guó)200例青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)病率為9.0%[7]。

      目前,國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于青光眼患者抑郁狀況的研究較少,復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬眼耳鼻喉科醫(yī)院對(duì)上海地區(qū)青光眼患者的調(diào)查顯示,抑郁的發(fā)病率達(dá)16.4%[8]。另外,還有研究[11]顯示,原發(fā)性閉角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG)患者抑郁發(fā)病率高于POAG患者。但是,也有研究[12]表明青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)病率與正常人無顯著差異。

      2 危險(xiǎn)因素

      青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)病率較高,但目前對(duì)青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)生因素的研究較少。Skalicky等[6]根據(jù)青光眼患者雙眼視野缺失程度,將131例青光眼患者分成輕度、中度和重度3組進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果顯示,隨著青光眼嚴(yán)重程度的增加,抑郁的發(fā)病率也隨之增加,并且年齡和青光眼生活質(zhì)量-15(glaucoma quality of life-15,GQL-15)是抑郁的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。Agorastos等[13]的研究亦發(fā)現(xiàn)視野損害是青光眼患者發(fā)生抑郁的重要因素。研究[10,14]認(rèn)為,青光眼患者主觀的視功能評(píng)估可反映青光眼患者的抑郁狀況,而客觀的視力檢查則不能。

      Zhou等[8]的研究表明,青光眼患者病程越長(zhǎng),GQL-15評(píng)分越高,越容易出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀,其結(jié)果與Mabuchi等[15]的研究結(jié)果基本一致。此外,Tastan等[16]還發(fā)現(xiàn),未婚青光眼患者比已婚患者更容易出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀。目前,對(duì)于β受體阻滯劑是否會(huì)增加青光眼患者抑郁的發(fā)病率尚存爭(zhēng)議[17-18]。有研究[19]報(bào)告,應(yīng)用非選擇性β受體阻滯劑比β1受體阻滯劑更容易引起青光眼患者的抑郁癥狀。總之,青光眼患者發(fā)生抑郁的因素有很多,但目前的相關(guān)研究大多存在一定的局限性,比如研究樣本較少、選擇偏倚等。

      3 發(fā)病機(jī)制

      關(guān)于青光眼患者發(fā)生抑郁的相關(guān)發(fā)病機(jī)制,目前尚不清楚。對(duì)于青光眼患者來說,疾病本身、對(duì)視力喪失的恐懼心理、治療潛在的不良反應(yīng)都可能與抑郁的發(fā)生有關(guān)[14]。青光眼和抑郁癥都屬于心理生理疾病,兩者的病因都很復(fù)雜且有類似之處,比如兩者的發(fā)病均與遺傳因素有關(guān),但它們的發(fā)病相關(guān)基因有無聯(lián)系,目前尚不清楚。

      應(yīng)激是PACG急性發(fā)作的重要誘因,同時(shí)也與抑郁的發(fā)生關(guān)系密切。此外,青光眼患者常有急躁、易怒、消極等人格特征,這些人格特征也可能與抑郁的發(fā)病相關(guān)[20]。

      近年來,關(guān)于青光眼的眾多伴隨狀態(tài)疾病包括失眠、抑郁、焦慮等的研究有了新的進(jìn)展,其中與褪黑激素相關(guān)的發(fā)病機(jī)制已被提出[21]。2002年,學(xué)者在哺乳動(dòng)物視網(wǎng)膜上發(fā)現(xiàn)了除視錐細(xì)胞、視桿細(xì)胞之外的第3種感光細(xì)胞,并證實(shí)該細(xì)胞是視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞的一種亞型,含量約占視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞的1%,其能夠表達(dá)一種名為melanopsin的視色素[22-23]。表達(dá)melanopsin的視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞主要投射到視交叉上核、室旁核等下丘腦核團(tuán)和基底部邊緣系統(tǒng)[23-24]。視交叉上核是人腦內(nèi)最重要的生理晝夜節(jié)律調(diào)節(jié)器[25],而褪黑激素主要由松果體分泌,并受視交叉上核控制的晝夜節(jié)律的調(diào)節(jié)[26]。

      有研究[27-28]認(rèn)為,青光眼患者的視神經(jīng)病變包括視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞的丟失,故影響視網(wǎng)膜向下丘腦視交叉上核的投射。除眼壓外,氧化應(yīng)激損傷被認(rèn)為是引起青光眼患者視神經(jīng)病變的另一重要原因[29]。褪黑激素可以對(duì)抗氧化應(yīng)激損傷,保護(hù)視神經(jīng),也可以有效降低眼內(nèi)壓[30-31]。同時(shí),研究[32-33]表明,褪黑激素與抑郁癥的發(fā)病有關(guān),抑郁癥患者夜間褪黑激素分泌水平較正常人低[33]。

      4 小 結(jié)

      近年來,青光眼患者的生活質(zhì)量越來越受到人們關(guān)注,這方面的研究也日益增多。多個(gè)地區(qū)的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,青光眼患者合并抑郁的發(fā)生率較高。青光眼患者的抑郁癥狀可能與多種因素相關(guān),比如年齡、青光眼的嚴(yán)重程度等。目前,對(duì)于青光眼患者抑郁的相關(guān)發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清楚,可能與褪黑激素的作用有關(guān),尚待進(jìn)一步研究?;谇喙庋刍颊咧幸钟舻母甙l(fā)情況,除了藥物、手術(shù)等治療外,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行心理治療。

      [1]Quigley HA,Broman AT.The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2006,90(3):262-267.

      [2]Janz NK,Wren PA,Guire KE,et al.Fear of blindness in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study:patterns and correlates over time[J].Ophthalmology, 2007,114(12):2213-2220.

      [3]Jampel HD,Frick KD,Janz NK,et al.Depression and mood indicators in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2007,144(2):238-244.

      [4]Yochim BP,Mueller AE,Kane KD,et al.Prevalence of cognitive impairment,depression,and anxiety symptoms among older adults with glaucoma[J].J Glaucoma, 2012,21(4):250-254.

      [5]Mabuchi F,Yoshimura K,Kashiwagi K,et al.High prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma[J].J Glaucoma, 2008,17(7):552-557.

      [6]Skalicky S,Goldberg I.Depression and quality of life in patients with glaucoma:a cross-sectional analysis using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15,assessment of function related to vision,and the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15[J].J Glaucoma, 2008,17(7):546-551.

      [7]Jayawant SS,Bhosle MJ,Anderson RT,et al.Depressive symptomatology,medication persistence,and associated healthcare costs in older adults with glaucoma[J].J Glaucoma,2007,16(6):513-520.

      [8]Zhou C,Qian S,Wu P,et al.Anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with glaucoma:sociodemographic,clinical,and self-reported correlates[J].J Psychosom Res, 2013,75(1):75-82.

      [9]Glen FC,Crabb DP,Garway-Heath DF.The direction of research into visual disability and quality of life in glaucoma[J].BMC Ophthalmol,2011,11:19.

      [10]Wang SY,Singh K,Lin SC.Prevalence and predictors of depression among participants with glaucoma in a nationally representative population sample[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2012,154(3):436-444.e2.

      [11]Kong X,Yan M,Sun X,et al.Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in primary angle closure glaucoma than in primary open-angle glaucoma[J].J Glaucoma, 2013.Epub ahead of print.

      [12]Wilson MR,Coleman AL,Yu F,et al.Depression in patients with glaucoma as measured by self-report surveys[J].Ophthalmology,2002,109(5):1018-1022.

      [13]Agorastos A,Skevas C,Matthaei M,et al.Depression,anxiety,and disturbed sleep in glaucoma[J].J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,2013,25(3):205-213.

      [14]Jampel HD,Frick KD,Janz NK,et al.Depression and mood indicators in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients[J].Am J Ophthalmol,2007,144(2):238-244.

      [15]Mabuchi F,Yoshimura K,Kashiwagi K,et al.Risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with glaucoma[J].Br J Ophthalmol,2012,96(6):821-825.

      [16]Tastan S,Iyigun E,Bayer A,et al.Anxiety,depression,and quality of life in Turkish patients with glaucoma[J].Psychol Rep,2010,106(2):343-357.

      [17]Avorn J,Everitt DE,Weiss S.Increased antidepressant use in patients prescribed beta-blockers[J].JAMA,1986,255(3):357-360.

      [18]Kaiserman I,Kaiserman N,Elhayany A,et al.Topical beta-blockers are not associated with an increased risk of treatment for depression[J].Ophthalmology, 2006,113(7):1077-1080.

      [19]Beck AD,Wilson WR,Lynch MG,et al.Trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C in pediatric glaucoma[J].Am J Ophthalmol,1998,126(5):648-657.

      [20]Scuderi G,Pompili M,Innamorati M,et al.Affective temperaments are associated with higher hopelessness and perceived disability in patients with open-angle glaucoma[J]. Int J Clin Pract,2011,65(9):976-984.

      [21]Agorastos A,Huber CG.The role of melatonin in glaucoma:implications concerning pathophysiological relevance and therapeutic potential[J].J Pineal Res,2011,50(1):1-7.

      [22]Berson DM,Dunn FA,Takao M.Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock[J].Science,2002,295(5557):1070-1073.

      [23]Hattar S,Liao HW,Takao M,et al.Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells:architecture,projections,and intrinsic photosensitivity[J].Science, 2002,295(5557):1065-1070.

      [24]Do MT,Yau KW.Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells[J].Physiol Rev,2010,90(4):1547-1581.

      [25]Czeisler CA,Duffy JF,Shanahan TL,et al.Stability,precision,and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker[J].Science,1999,284(5423):2177-2181.

      [26]Nowak JZ,Zawilska JB.Melatonin and its physiological and therapeutic properties[J].Pharm World Sci,1998,20(1):18-27.

      [27]Schwartz M,London A.Glaucoma as a neuropathy amenable to neuroprotection and immune manipulation[J].Prog Brain Res,2008,173:375-384.

      [28]Zhang Q,Vuong H,Huang X,et al.Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cell loss and behavioral analysis in the Thy1-CFP-DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma[J].Sci China Life Sci,2013,56(8):720-730.

      [29]Moreno MC,Campanelli J,Sande P,et al.Retinal oxidative stress induced by high intraocular pressure[J].Free Radic Biol Med,2004,37(6):803-812.

      [30]Hardeland R,Tan DX,Reiter RJ.Kynuramines,metabolites of melatonin and other indoles:the resurrection of an almost forgotten class of biogenic amines[J].J Pineal Res,2009,47(2):109-126.

      [31]Samples JR,Krause G,Lewy AJ.Effect of melatonin on intraocular pressure[J].Curr Eye Res,1988,7(7):649-653.

      [32]Hasler BP,Buysse DJ,Kupfer DJ,et al.Phase relationships between core body temperature,melatonin,and sleep are associated with depression severity:further evidence for circadian misalignment in non-seasonal depression[J].Psychiatry Res, 2010,178(1):205-207.

      [33]Rahman SA,Marcu S,Kayumov L,et al.Altered sleep architecture and higher incidence of subsyndromal depression in low endogenous melatonin secretors[J].Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2010,260(4):327-335.

      猜你喜歡
      神經(jīng)節(jié)青光眼發(fā)病率
      椎神經(jīng)節(jié)麻醉的應(yīng)用解剖學(xué)研究
      青光眼問答
      中老年保健(2022年3期)2022-08-24 02:57:52
      GM1神經(jīng)節(jié)苷脂貯積癥影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)及隨訪研究
      改善青光眼 吃什么好呢
      蝶腭神經(jīng)節(jié)針刺術(shù)治療動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹案1則
      多曬太陽或可降低結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)病率
      中老年保健(2021年9期)2021-08-24 03:49:34
      “青光眼之家”11周年
      ARIMA模型在肺癌發(fā)病率預(yù)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用
      宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器與宮頸糜爛發(fā)病率的臨床研究
      超聲引導(dǎo)星狀神經(jīng)節(jié)阻滯治療原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)
      阜阳市| 万荣县| 临海市| 徐水县| 屯留县| 泰和县| 新宾| 中阳县| 南召县| 灌阳县| 台南县| 驻马店市| 晴隆县| 宜章县| 余庆县| 历史| 仙居县| 称多县| 肥乡县| 高唐县| 寿阳县| 定西市| 阳高县| 富锦市| 沂水县| 昭觉县| 电白县| 祁东县| 广灵县| 嘉鱼县| 周口市| 文水县| 新安县| 舒兰市| 四子王旗| 独山县| 正宁县| 株洲市| 南昌市| 泽州县| 海口市|