“形容詞的最高級(jí)”焦點(diǎn)訪談

劉　燦

焦點(diǎn)一：最高級(jí)的表達(dá)含義

英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)三者或三者以上的人或事物作比較時(shí)，若其中的一方在某方面最為突出時(shí)要用形容詞的最高級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)。它的基本句型為“A+系動(dòng)詞+the+最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)”，其中，形容詞的最高級(jí)之前一定要用定冠詞the。介詞短語(yǔ)表示比較范圍，其中，of之后接可數(shù)名詞或all等代詞，主語(yǔ)和of后的名詞屬于同一類(lèi)；in之后接一個(gè)組織、單位、團(tuán)體之類(lèi)的集體名詞，表示的是比較的范圍。例如：

Her MP4 is the most expensive of the three.

她的MP4是這三臺(tái)中最貴的。

Tony is the best student in our class. 托尼是我們班上最好的學(xué)生。

焦點(diǎn)二：最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成

形容詞的最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩類(lèi)。

1．規(guī)則變化見(jiàn)下表：

2．少數(shù)形容詞的最高級(jí)形式是不規(guī)則的，須單獨(dú)記憶。例如：

good/well→best；ill/bad→worst；many/much→most；

little→least；old→oldest/eldest；far→farthest/furthest

焦點(diǎn)三：最高級(jí)的主要句型

1．“A+系動(dòng)詞+the+最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)”表示“在……范圍內(nèi)A最……”。例如：

Gao Qiang is the tallest in our class. 在我們班上高強(qiáng)個(gè)子最高。

2．“A+be+one of the+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“A是最……的之一”。

特別提醒：該句型中，one of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

我們學(xué)校是我市最好的學(xué)校之一。

誤：Our school is one of the best school in our city.

正：Our school is one of the best schools in our city.

3．“Which/Who+系動(dòng)詞+the+最高級(jí)，A、B or C？”表示“A、B、和C，哪個(gè)/誰(shuí)最……？”。例如：

Which is the most dangerous, a bus, a train or a plane?

汽車(chē)，火車(chē)和飛機(jī)，哪個(gè)最危險(xiǎn)？

Who is the heaviest, Kate, Tom or Mike?

誰(shuí)最重，凱特、湯姆還是邁克？

4．“…the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in+范圍”表示“在……范圍內(nèi)……是第幾的……”。例如：

The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.

長(zhǎng)江是我國(guó)第一大河。

Dai Ming is the second tallest boy in our class.

戴明是我們班上個(gè)子第二高的男孩。

焦點(diǎn)四：最高級(jí)前的the

形容詞的最高級(jí)之前通常要用定冠詞the，但在下列情況下卻不能用the：

1．最高級(jí)之前已有指示代詞修飾時(shí)。例如：

That youngest man is her elder brother. 那個(gè)最年輕的人是她的哥哥。

2．最高級(jí)之前有物主代詞修飾時(shí)。例如：

She is our best teacher. 她是我們最好的老師。

3．最高級(jí)之前有名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。例如：

It is Gao Kuns happiest day. 這是高坤最快樂(lè)的一天。

4．兩個(gè)或多個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)連用時(shí)，除第一個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)之前用定冠詞the以外，其余的都要省去the。例如：

Please give the heaviest and biggest box to me.

請(qǐng)把那個(gè)最重最大的箱子給我。

焦點(diǎn)五：比較等級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

形容詞的比較等級(jí)（即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）的運(yùn)用，是受上述規(guī)則制約的，但這也不是說(shuō)是一成不變的，它們之間是可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換的。一般分為以下幾類(lèi)：

1．原級(jí)與比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：

句型not so/as…as與比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

This car is not so/as expensive as that one.

=This car is cheaper than that one.

2．比較級(jí)與比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：

通?？梢杂眯稳菰~的反義詞來(lái)作比較級(jí)間的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

Kate is much taller than Mary.

=Mary is much shorter than Kate.

3．比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：

最高級(jí)+in+集體名詞可轉(zhuǎn)換為以下幾種比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：

A）比較級(jí)+than any other+單數(shù)名詞；

B）比較級(jí)+than+any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞；

C）比較級(jí)+than+the others（或the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞）；

D）比較級(jí)+than+anyone else；

E）no one+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+sb./sth.。例如：

This unit is the most difficult in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any other unit in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any of the other units in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than the others in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than the other units in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than anyone else in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any unit else in this book.

=No one is more difficult than this unit in this book.

【即時(shí)操練】

Ⅰ.“霧里挑花”顯真功。

1. Whose house is ____ the school in your class?

A. far B. the farthest

C. far from D. the farthest from

2. Tingting is cleverer than I ____.

A. do B. am C. doing D. to

3. Tony is more careful than ____ in our class.

A. any girl B. any other C. any boy D. anybody

4. ——Which is ____ season in Beijing?

——I think its autumn.

A. good B. better C. best D. the best

5. Which subject is ____, English or Maths?

A. interesting B. most interesting

C. more interesting D. the most interesting

6. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second ____ island in China.

A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large

7. He is ____ more careful than anyone else in his class.

A. more B. very C. any D. much

8. You have more apples than ____. But mine ____ bigger than yours.

A. me; is B. I; are C. mine; is D. mine; are

Ⅱ.“超強(qiáng)糾錯(cuò)”硬道理。

1. Her schoolbag is heavier than I.

2. His sister is the shortest of the two.

3. Xiao Ma is most careless in his class.

4. Which one is better, the white one and the black one?

5. Shanghai is larger than any city in China.

Ⅲ.“異曲同工”真本領(lǐng)。

1. Simon has the longest journey.

Simon has ____ journey ____ the others.

2. London is larger than any other city in England.

London is ____ ____ city in England.

3. Fangfang has ten CDs and Weiwei has eight CDs.

Fangfang has ____ ____ CDs than Weiwei.

4. Our basketball team is much stronger than the other two.

Our basketball team is ____ ____ of the ____.

5. Which is your favourite journey?

Which journey do you ____ ____?

參考答案：

Ⅰ.1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.B

Ⅱ.1.I→mine 2.shortest→shorter 3.在most前加the 4.and→or 5.在city前加other

Ⅲ.1.longer, than 2.the largest 3.two more 4.the strongest, three 5.like best