Ｕｎｉｔ１２詞語(yǔ)辨析

clothing, clothes，dress

（1）clothing是“衣服”的總稱，通常所指的衣、食、住、行中的“衣clothing”；clothes是各種服裝的代稱。試比較：

In winter children need warm clothing.冬天孩子們需要棉衣。

She often wears beautiful clothes(coats, dresses, shoes, hats, etc.).

她經(jīng)常穿漂亮的衣服（外衣、裙子、鞋子、帽子等）。

（2）clothing總是單數(shù)形式，clothes總是復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes可以用these, many等詞修飾，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不能用數(shù)詞修飾。

There are many new clothes on sale. 有許多新衣出售。

These clothes are new. 這些衣服是新的。

（3）clothes表示“衣服”與dress同義。clothes泛指衣服，是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，主要指衣著的各個(gè)部分，如上裝、下裝、鞋子、帽子等。dress是可數(shù)名詞，一般指婦女和兒童服裝。

He always wears dark clothes. 他總是穿深色的衣服。

What colour is Mrs. Greens dress? 格林夫人的衣服是什么顏色的？

near, nearby

（1）near與nearby都可用作形容詞、副詞和介詞，nearby通常指空間上的接近。例如：

The helicopter landed nearby. 直升機(jī)在附近著陸。

I went fishing in the nearby river. 我在附近的河里釣魚(yú)。

They live nearby the school. 他們住在學(xué)校附近。

nearby用作形容詞時(shí)也可以后置。例如：

I went fishing in the river nearby. 我到附近的河里去釣魚(yú)。

（2）near通常指時(shí)間、空間、年齡、程度等的“接近”，有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式。例如：

My house is near the river. 我家離河很近。

A brother is a near relation. 兄弟是近親。

Christmas is near. 圣誕節(jié)就要來(lái)臨。

Can you tell me the nearest way to the station?

請(qǐng)告訴我到車站最近的路好嗎？

（3）作副詞用時(shí)，多用nearby，如要用near，其前通常要有修飾語(yǔ)。例如：

They live nearby. 他們住在附近。

They live quite near. 他們住得很近。

lovely, beautiful, pretty

這三個(gè)詞都有“美”的意思。

（1）beautiful是常用語(yǔ)，意為“美麗的”、“美好的”，可指各種各樣的美，如花鳥(niǎo)、風(fēng)景、圖畫(huà)的美、也可指天氣、曲調(diào)、衣服的美等。它形容人時(shí)，一般用來(lái)指女子長(zhǎng)得美麗、好看、動(dòng)人。

She has a beautiful voice. 她的聲音很好聽(tīng)。

Rose is a very beautiful girl. 羅斯是一個(gè)十分漂亮的女孩。

What a beautiful day it is!多好的天氣！

（2）pretty也是普通用語(yǔ)，意為“漂亮的”，“標(biāo)致的”，程度不如beautiful。用來(lái)修飾人時(shí)，常指年輕的婦女和女孩，側(cè)重指溫柔的性格。表示活潑與甜美。也可修飾物，內(nèi)含“小巧玲瓏”之意。如：

How pretty the child looks in her new dress!

那孩子穿著新衣服顯得多漂亮呀！

The garden is small but extremely pretty?；▓@雖小但很可愛(ài)。

（3）lovely指外貌的“美、可愛(ài)”，常用于表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的贊賞和喜愛(ài)。

What a lovely wife you have!你有一個(gè)多么可愛(ài)的妻子??！

Mother bought me a lovely radio to listen at school.

媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一個(gè)漂亮的收音機(jī)讓我在學(xué)校收聽(tīng)。

the most, most, a most

（1）the most 的用法。

在“the most+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,most是副詞，表示程度，意為“最”，與其后的形容詞一道構(gòu)成形容詞的最高級(jí)。

He is one of the most famous writers in China.

他是中國(guó)最著名的作家之一。

This is the most difficult (one) of the three. 這是這三者中最難的。

在“動(dòng)詞+the most”結(jié)構(gòu)中，most也是副詞，其作用和意思是“最”,其位置通常在動(dòng)詞后。the most有時(shí)用作名詞。

They like English the most. 他們最喜歡英語(yǔ)。

This is the thing that troubles me the most.

這就是使我感到最煩惱的問(wèn)題。

This is the most I can do. 這是我力所能及的。

（2）most通常有三種用法。

在“most+副詞或形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，most 是副詞，意為“很，非常，十分”。

I shall most certainly go there. 我十分肯定會(huì)到那里去。

在“most+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，most是形容詞，意為“大部分的，大多數(shù)”或“最多的”。

Most students like English. 大多數(shù)學(xué)生喜歡英語(yǔ)。

Who has (the) most books among you? 你們中誰(shuí)的書(shū)最多？

在“most+of+n.”中，most 意為“大部分”。

I was in Beijing most of the time. 我大部分時(shí)間在北京。

Most of his friends are away for the moment.

他的大多數(shù)朋友目前不在這里。

【特別提示】在“most+of+名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中注意兩點(diǎn)：

作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞。most of 后的名詞是特指，要有限定詞(如，定冠詞the,指示代詞，物主代詞等 )。

Most of the apples were bad. 這些蘋(píng)果中大部分都?jí)牧恕?/p>

Most of the apple was bad. 這蘋(píng)果壞了一大半。

Most of my story-books are very interesting.

我的大多數(shù)故事書(shū)都非常有趣。

（3）a most的用法。在“a most+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，most是副詞，意為“很，非常”（=very）,用來(lái)修飾它后面的形容詞。

Guilin is a most beautiful city. 桂林是座非常美麗的城市。

This is a most interesting story. 這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。

think, think about, think of

（1）think可以用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“想”、“認(rèn)為”、“思考”。

I know what you are thinking. 我知道你在想什么。

The old woman thought he was a queue jumper.

老太太認(rèn)為他是個(gè)排隊(duì)夾塞的人。

Let me think a while before answering your question.

讓我先想一想，再回答你的問(wèn)題。

（2）think of與think about表示“考慮”，“對(duì)……有某種看法”的意思時(shí)，其用法相同，可以互換使用。兩者是“動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞of或about均不可出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)之后。

We are thinking of/about going to Shanghai for our holidays.

我們正在考慮去上海度假。

What do you think of the film? 你認(rèn)為那部影片怎么樣？

（3）think about可以表示“回想”，著重說(shuō)的是想的過(guò)程；think of可以表示“想起”，“記起”，“想著”。

I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.

我?；叵肷洗我?jiàn)到你時(shí)你說(shuō)的話。

I cant think of his name. 我記不起他的名字了。

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

我正想著這件事的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)到有人叫我的名字。

in, on, to

介詞in, on, to都可與表示方向的名詞east, west, north, south等連用。

（1）in表示某個(gè)特定區(qū)域內(nèi)的某個(gè)方向。例如：

Hebei is in the south of China. 河北在中國(guó)的北部。

Cangzhou is in the east of Hebei. 滄州在河北東部。

（2）on 則表示界外，但相連（接壤）的某個(gè)方向。例如：

Japan is on the east of Korea. 日本在朝鮮東部。

Korea is on (to) the east of China. 朝鮮位于中國(guó)的東部。

to“不在……內(nèi)”

（3）表示某地在某一特定區(qū)域外，但兩地不相連的某一方位時(shí)，用介詞to。例如：

Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東部。

Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai. 南京在上海的西部。

我們可用三幅圖分別表述上面的三種情況。

練習(xí)：根據(jù)句意用所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。

1. clothing, clothes, dress

① The woman wears a simple（樸素）____.

② She often helps her mother to wash ____.

③ It is necessary for everyone to have food, ____ and shelter（?。?

④ How much is a new evening ____？

⑤ The ____ line is behind the house.

2. near, nearby

① New Years Day is drawing ____.

② He is getting ____ retiring age.

③ They often worked in the villages ____.

④ My aunt lives very ____.

⑤ He is a ____ friend of ours.

⑥ Theres a school ____ the station.

3. beautiful, pretty, lovely

① His wife loves ____ music.

② She is not really ____, but she looks ____ when she smiles.

③ We had a ____ time yesterday.

④ Hangzhou is famous for its ____ West Lake.

⑤ I have a ____ family.

4. the most, most, a most

① This is ____ instructive lesson weve learnt.

② Children in China live ____ happy life.

③ Mike draws ____ slowly of the three.

④ They have been ____ kind to me.

5. think, think of, think about

① How did you ____ such a wonderful idea?

② Well ____ your suggestion and give you our answer tomorrow.

③ We dont ____ it too difficult to master a foreign language.

④ She is a good worker. She is always ____ others.

⑤ He told us to try and ____ in English.

6. in, on, to

① Shanghai is ____ the east of China.

② Nanjing is ____ the west of Shanghai.

③ Italy is ____ the south of Europe.

④ Guangdong is ____ the south of Hunan.

⑤ Shandong is ____ the north of Jiangsu.

Keys:

1.①dress ②clothes ③clothing ④dress ⑤clothes

2.①near ②near ③nearby ④near ⑤near ⑥near/nearby

3.①beautiful ②beautiful; pretty ③ lovely ④beautiful ⑤lovely

4.①the most ②the most ③most ④the most

5.①think of/about ②think of ③think ④thinking of ⑤think

6.①in ②to ③in ④on ⑤on