從高考題看強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考查的特點(diǎn)

宋平平

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本形式是“It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that / who ...”，常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語、賓語和狀語。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是指人的名詞或代詞時(shí)，也可用who引導(dǎo)后面的句子；強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí)，無論是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，還是原因狀語，連接詞一律用that。仔細(xì)研究近幾年高考題中出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，可以看出高考在此點(diǎn)上的考查有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

一、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜化，理解難度增大。（劃線部分為答案，下同）

1. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)

A. oneB. that C. whatD. it

2. It was with great joy________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)

A. before B. which C. since D. that

3. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm________we worked. (2007山東)

A． that B． there C． which D． where

從以上高考例子可以看出強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考查趨勢(shì)，那就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜化，具體表現(xiàn)為句子中摻和其他從句，使理解的難度增大，尤其是2007山東卷中對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考查，乍一看，需要填強(qiáng)調(diào)that，但分析問句發(fā)現(xiàn)，下句其實(shí)是一個(gè)省略句，省略了that后的成分，we work實(shí)際是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。此題給人耳目一新的感覺。

二、 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分從短語向句子過渡。

1. It is these poisonous products________can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003上海)

A. who B. that C. how D. what

2. It is what you do rather than what you say________matters. (2005天津)

A. that B. what C. which D. this

3. It is not who is right but what is right

is of importance. (2007重慶)

A. which B. it C. that D. this

例1 強(qiáng)調(diào)了作主語的名詞短語these poisonous products，而在例2和例3中分別強(qiáng)調(diào)了主語從句what you do rather than what you say和not who is right but what is right，難點(diǎn)還在于每個(gè)句子都包含著兩個(gè)分句，一個(gè)由rather than引出，一個(gè)由not ... but

連接。

三、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句從肯定句向否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句過渡。

1. It was only recently when I reread his poems recently________I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 1998)

A. until B. that C. them D. so

2. Was it in 1969________the American astronaut succeeded________landing on the moon? (1994上海)

A. when; on B. that; on

C. when; in D. that; in

3. Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say? (2004上海)

A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that D. How it is that

4. —________ that he managed to get the information?

—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (2005 山東)

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it

考生需要熟記強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的否定句和疑問句形式：

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的否定句形式為：It is / was not + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who ...

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為：Is / Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who ...?

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式為：疑問詞 + is / was it + that / who ...?

四、 重復(fù)率高，尤其體現(xiàn)在對(duì)not ... until句型的考查上。

not ... until句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的短語或從句時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：

It is / was not until ... that ...

1. It was not________she took off her dark glasses________I realized she was a famous star. (NMET 1992)

A. when; that B. until; that

C. until; when D. when; then

2. It was________back home after the experiment. (2004湖北)

A． not until midnight did he go

B． until midnight that he didnt go

C． not until midnight that he went

D． until midnight when he didnt go

3. It wasnt until nearly a month later______I received the managers reply. (2005Ⅰ)

A. since B. when C. as D. that

4. It________we had stayed together for a couple of weeks________I found we had a lot in common. (2007 浙江)

A. was until; when

B. was until; that

C. wasnt until; when

D. wasnt until; that

五、從考查單一的強(qiáng)調(diào)句到把強(qiáng)調(diào)句置于從句中，增加判斷句子的難度。

1. It was how the young man had learned five languages________ attracted the audiences interest. (2000上海)

A. so that B. that

C. what________ D. in which

2. I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. (2002上海)

3. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature________he chose the course. (2006上海春)

A. that B. what C. why D. how

例1）強(qiáng)調(diào)了how引導(dǎo)的主語從句，而例2和例3中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型卻出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，考生須熟練掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)才能分辨出強(qiáng)調(diào)句型來。

六、干擾因素增多，增加了與其它相似句型的辨析，尤其是it開頭的句子。

1. —Did Jack come back early last night?

—Yes. It was not yet eight oclock______he arrived home. (2005福建)

A. before B. when C. that D. until

It was ＋ 時(shí)間點(diǎn) ＋ when ... “發(fā)生某事時(shí)，時(shí)間為……”

2. That was really a splendid evening. Its years________I enjoyed myself so much. (2005 安徽)

A. when B. that C. before D. since

It is / has been ＋ 時(shí)間段 ＋ since ...

since從句中謂語為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“做某事已有多久了”。

It is a long time since we arrived here. 我們到這兒已有一段時(shí)間了。

It is almost five years since we saw each other last time. 我們上次見面到現(xiàn)在已有五年了。

since從句中謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“已有多久沒做某事了”。

It has been ten years since he was here last time. 自從他上次離開這兒已經(jīng)過了10年。

3） It was evening________we reached the little town of Winchester. (2005天津)

A. that B. until C. since D. before

It was ＋ 時(shí)間點(diǎn) ＋ before ... “在……之前，時(shí)間為”

4）________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句置于句首時(shí)，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。

5） He was told that it would be at least three more months________he could recover and return to work. (2007福建)

A. when B. before C. since D. that

It is / was / will be ＋ 時(shí)間段 ＋ before ...“過了多久才”

從以上比較中可以看出強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在高考中的演變特點(diǎn)，那就是句子結(jié)構(gòu)越來越復(fù)雜，理解難度增大，判斷的難度也逐年增加。但是萬變不離其宗，只要記住強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的由來及基本構(gòu)成形式，學(xué)會(huì)用還原法驗(yàn)證自己的判斷，問題便可以迎刃而解。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1. It is from the gatehouse________we get newspapers, magazines and letters.

A. that B. which

C. in which D. where

2. —Was it what he said or something that he did________made you cry so sadly, Sarah?

—No, not really.

A. which B. that C. when D. what

3. I really dont know for certain________they discussed this important problem secretly.

A. where was it that B. where it was that

C. where that D. it was where that

4. It was________Li Ming had always been working hard that he was admitted to Beijing University last July,________the saying goes, “No pains, no gains”.

A. as; though B. because; as

C. for; if D. since; when

5. It is because English is being widely used at present________ .

A. why we learn it hard

B. that we learn it hard

C. which we must learn

D. when we should learn

6. Is it the years________you worked in the factory________have a great effect on your literary works?

A. that; where B. that; that

C. when; where D. when; that

7. It is the Long March Rocket 2F, as reported, ______sent Shenzhou Ⅵ spaceship into space.

A. whichB. what C. that D. as

8. —Susan looks unhappy today.

—Yes, but she cant tell what it is________ is bothering her.

A. as B. whatC. thatD. which

9. —________ you persuaded Jenny to give up surfing？

—Through a friend of mine.

A. It was how thatB. How was it

C. How was it thatD. Was it how that

10. —Did they all pass the driving test?

—No,________only three of them who passed it.

A. there was B. that was

C. there were D. it was

Keys: 1. A2. B3. B4. B5. B6. D7. C8. C9. C10. D