做人與做事

閱讀理解

Passage 1

When I found an advertisement for a conference by chance， I couldn’t wait to tell my coworkers. It looked like a great day of presentations highly relevant to our research， and I expected they would be eager to attend with me. However， no one was interested.

A year earlier， I left India for the United Kingdom to pursue my research career. At work， I shied away from engaging in discussions or putting forward my opinions. Some mornings just stepping out of my room and going into the lab seemed a tough task. Socializing didn’t help， as I constantly feared committing social mistakes. I longed for new experiences， but my insecurities prevented me. I started to keep more and more to myself. That began to change after a quiet breakdown in the lab prompted （促使） me to contact the university’s mental health services.

The consultant suggested I attend a nearby concert by a famous singer from my home country. I couldn’t miss it. So， there I was in the packed concert hall， surrounded by strangers—all of us clapping and singing the choruses of the familiar songs. It was a beautiful night， and it proved to be a turning point.

My growing self-confidence carried over into my work， where I started to speak up and put forward my opinions. I offered to help my coworkers design and troubleshoot experiments. I began to ask questions during departmental meetings. I finally felt like an active member of the group. So， when that conference came around， I felt comfortable registering to attend on my own and I’m so glad I did. Not only did I meet the speakers， but I also introduced myself to other attendees. The encounters inspired me to critically evaluate my own professional interests.

1. How did the author probably feel at first about his coworkers’ response？

A. Disappointed. B. Worried. C. Confident. D. Angry.

2. Why did the author contact the mental health services？

A. He wanted to solve a conflict. B. He lacked confidence in a new environment.

C. He struggled to conduct research. D. He often made mistakes in socializing.

3. What can we learn about the author during the concert？

A. He came across a consultant. B. He connected a song with his research.

C. He met with a previous coworker. D. He sang along with the audience.

4. What did the author do at last？

A. He turned to experts for advice. B. He went to the conference alone.

C. He took full charge of the lab. D. He changed his professional interests.

Passage 2

Most boyhood dreams are never realized. But that is not the case for young Fred Bercovitch. His dream of swinging from jungle vines （藤蔓） and communicating with chimps and elephants began when he read Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan books. These books attracted him to the jungles of Africa and eventually brought him before a United Nations conference where he advocated helping save giraffes.

Bercovitch answered the call of the wild in 1978. He flew to Kenya to live close to a group of olive baboons （狒狒）， which he hoped would result in a doctoral paper about their reproduction. Denise， his classmate， accompanied him. Their two-year adventure in the wild resulted in a PhD in biological anthropology （人類(lèi)學(xué)） from UC， Los Angeles for Bercovitch and some astonishing stories.

It was his time at the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance that brought him worldwide recognition when a study he conducted was featured as one of the Top 100 Science Stories of 2002 by the magazine Discover. As head of the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance’s Behavioral Biology Division， he documented the social habits of giraffes. “We found giraffes behaved pretty much like people who attend parties. Some talked to a few friends， some enjoyed communicating with strangers， and others were looking for pleasure together，” said Bercovitch.

To confirm that giraffes behave in the same way in the wild， Bercovitch flew to Zambia and consulted with a researcher with 30 years of data on giraffes. He ran the researcher’s data through a complex computer program and confirmed giraffes’ social preferences are the same in the wild as they are kept in a limited space.

As a professor at Kyoto University since 2010， Bercovitch has published more than 150 scientific papers in an effort to advance the understanding of animals. He wishes for a better world for humans and animals to live in， which is far less violent.

1. What was young Bercovitch’s dream？

A. Saving giraffes. B. Working for the UN.

C. Exploring the wildlife in the jungle. D. Writing books about animals.

2. How did Bercovitch complete his doctoral paper？

A. By conducting a field study. B. By performing lab experiments.

C. By referring to previous documents. D. By turning to biological anthropology professors.

3. What can we learn about giraffes from Bercovitch’s research？

A. They are socially active. B. They show a gift for self-defense.

C. They prefer to live in a limited space. D. They are strict followers of social rules.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Charm of the Jungles of Africa

B. The Key to Amazing Academic Success

C. Fred Bercovitch’s Adventure in the Wild

D. Fred Bercovitch’s Devotion to His Childhood Dream

Passage 3

It’s a classic story： Kids are forced to learn an instrument from a young age， they play it throughout their childhood， and they develop a bittersweet relationship with it. Is the constant battle between the love for the music and the hate for the constant challenge worth the fight？ For me， it was.

I started playing the piano when I was four. This was huge commitment， so there must have been something worth holding on to， right？ The easy guess is that I was purely in love with music and piano. Although that’s the sweeter tale， it’s a bit more complicated. I struggled a lot with piano. I felt pressure to be the best in order to prove something to others—and more devastatingly （破壞性地） to prove something to myself. The seed of my musical interest was grown in the sunlight of competition and doubt. Hate sprouted （滋生） when my self-criticism hit too hard.

It’s difficult to learn to love something that didn’t originate from love. For a while， piano was more of an annoyance than a hobby. But somehow， love grew. It was deeply buried. But it was there， and by high school， it was strong enough that when I was truly on the verge of quitting any kind of formal training. I found the strength to hold on tighter， and dig further. I switched teachers， and got incredibly lucky with one who helped me tunnel into what I loved. I learned pieces for myself， I composed for myself， and I found confidence not because I got “good enough”， but because I learned that anything I had was good enough.

If you too have learned to hate something， remember that with commitment， it can be uprooted， and love can make a home in its place. There is always time. There is always room.

1. What does the author want to show by telling a classic story？

A. The benefits of music. B. Kids’ struggle in learning instruments.

C. Kids’ bittersweet childhood. D. The popularity of learning instruments.

2. What can we learn about the author’s experience of playing the piano？

A. She once quit formal training.

B. She never treated it as her hobby.

C. She was in pure love with music and piano.

D. She once experienced great pressure from herself.

3. What helped the author find confidence？

A. Her attitude. B. Her training. C. Her talent. D. Her achievement.

4. What message is mainly delivered in the text？

A. Practice makes perfect. B. Love is a thing that grows.

C. Happiness lies in contentment. D. Chance favors the prepared mind.

Passage 4

A Malawian woman， Gloria Majiga-Kamoto， was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa—the world’s leading award for grassroots environmental activists.

Gloria Majiga-Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers， who would use the goat waste to produce low-cost， high-quality organic fertilizer （肥料）. The problem？ The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food， chiwaya， which is salty and served in little blue plastics，” Majiga-Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion （攝食） system.” For her， this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden， she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system—affecting people’s living and health.

“I remember back in the day when we’d go to the market and buy things like fish， you’d get it in newspapers，” the 30-year-old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi， selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact， the Malawian government decided to ban the importation， production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect， Malawi’s plastics-producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban， causing it to be suspended.

When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this， they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019， Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year， the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.

Michael Sutton， executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation， said， “Majiga-Kamoto’s fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.”

1. Why do the goats eat the plastic？

A. It’s salty. B. It’s delicious. C. It’s a kind of food. D. It can be easily found.

2. What can we learn about Malawi？

A. It used to be rich in fish. B. It advocated using plastic bags.

C. It failed to ban single-use plastic at first. D. It relied on the plastic industry.

3. What was the purpose of Majiga-Kamoto’s acts according to Paragraph 4？

A. To put the ban into effect. B. To support the government.

C. To back the plastic industry up. D. To promote Malawi’s economy.

4. Which of the following best describes Majiga-Kamoto？

A. Humble. B. Generous. C. Patient. D. Committed.

閱讀七選五

Passage 1

Being honest may not get you a lot of friends， but it will get you the right ones. That’s true， so you should pursue authentic （真正的） positivity in your friendships. 1

Ask questions.

A feature of authentic positivity is a curious mindset， a mentality where you are less locked into “telling it like it is” and more interested in wondering and exploring the possibilities together with your friends. 2 " If your friendship has a history of welcome advice-giving， your question could be “Are you looking for ideas， or do you just want me to listen？”.

3

“That’s so disappointing” is sometimes the most positive thing you can say to your friends when they are struggling. Resisting the urge to say “It’s all going to work out; don’t worry” shows your friends that you see them in their pain， and that you are available to support them here and now. 4 " You can use “yes/and” statements like “What happened at work is so frustrating—AND I know how creative you are， so you’ll find a way to move forward.”

Learn to apologize—and ask for an apology.

5 " That includes you， too. Being authentic in a friendship means having the freedom to say to a friend， “I’m sorry I hurt you.” It also means being able to say， “Your words/actions hurt me.” Friendships that stand the test of time have room for mistakes， and for repair.

A. Name hard truths.

B. Don’t disappoint your friend.

C. Every friend misses the mark sometimes.

D. Instead， friends should be authentic and positive.

E. Here are some ways to be an authentically positive friend.

F. But that doesn’t mean you need to focus on the negative all the time.

G. Positive friends ask each other questions， and listen deeply to the answers.

1. _____________ " 2. _____________ " 3. _____________ " 4. _____________ " 5. _____________

Passage 2

How to Teach Confidence

While it might seem like some people are just born confident， confidence is largely an acquired skill. 1 Start by building up their self-esteem， independent thought， and positive self-talk. Show them how to achieve goals， and how to deal with failure when it happens. With lessons like these， you can teach the people around you to become more confident.

Model confident behavior for people.

If you’re trying to improve someone’s confidence， be a model for how they should behave in a confident way. 2 " Show them confident interpersonal relations like eye contact， handshakes， and making small talk. This lets them practice in a safe environment.

Praise small accomplishments （成就） to raise a person’s self-worth.

If you’re trying to build someone’s confidence， start small. Each accomplishment they complete is a cause for celebration， even if it seems small. Be happy for your friends， kids， or students. 3

Give specific praise so people know what they did well.

A specific praise is better than a simple “You did well”. 4 " This makes your praise more genuine and boosts the person’s self-esteem more by showing them their strengths.

Start with a positive statement before correcting something.

5 " This is especially important if you’re a parent， teacher， or coach. If you do have to make criticisms or corrections， always start by saying something positive first. This raises the person’s spirits and makes it easier for them to take the critical feedback that’s coming up.

A. Instead， tell the person exactly what they did well.

B. It’s something you can model and teach other people.

C. You may have to point out where someone needs to improve.

D. Instead of feeling criticized， the person will know you’re sincere.

E. Act confidently around them and in your interpersonal interactions.

F. Your positive energy will teach them to celebrate their achievements.

G. You might mention someone’s strengths to help them see the bright side.

1. _____________ " 2. _____________ " 3. _____________ " 4. _____________ " 5. _____________

完形填空

Passage 1

My mother， Donzella Washington， 80， graduated from Alabama Aamp;M University with a bachelor’s degree in social work. Along with her 1 achievements， she made history as the oldest 2 in the history of Alabama Aamp;M University.

My parents had been living on a farm in California. My mother said that her 3 behind going back to school was my father， Jeff， who was her biggest 4 . He supported everything she did， 5 returning to school. Although my father did not have a traditional college education， he knew the 6 of gaining one. My mother wanted to finish her 7 in his honor.

However， my father 8 in 2010， and my mother 9 to Alabama to live with me two years later. The most challenging part was 10 her when she was missing my father badly. Those moments when she cried， all I could do was hold her and love her. I had seen my mother 11 from great sadness over my father’s death and struggle to achieve her education dream. And I was very 12 to be there to witness her final success.

Now， my mother says she is not slowing down so soon. She’s even 13 going back to school to obtain her master’s degree. She 14 to inspire and motivate others that 15 is not a barrier. When it comes to pursuing your dreams， it’s never too late to achieve them.

1. A. academic B. political C. musical D. scientific

2. A. leader B. librarian C. professor D. graduate

3. A. possibility B. motivation C. excuse D. pressure

4. A. educator B. examiner C. instructor D. supporter

5. A. especially B. similarly C. generally D. usually

6. A. purpose B. chance C. value D. difficulty

7. A. degree B. task C. farmwork D. speech

8. A. showed up B. passed away C. set off D. fell ill

9. A. traveled B. rushed C. returned D. moved

10. A. advising B. ignoring C. comforting D. reminding

11. A. learn B. recover C. escape D. result

12. A. proud B. patient C. brave D. curious

13. A. enjoying B. considering C. appreciating D. imagining

14. A. agrees B. promises C. expects D. chooses

15. A. knowledge B. money C. health D. age

Passage 2

There are some disabled people in the world who fight an unseen battle within themselves every day. They never cry or 1 ， but with a big smile on their face. I call such people 2 because they know the art of living life.

About nine years ago， I was in a car accident. The driver slept， and the car fell in the ditch. As a result， I suffered 3 injuries： the radius and ulna （橈骨和尺骨） of my right arm were 4 ; the lungs and livers were badly injured. But what changed me and my life 5 was the injury of spine （脊柱）. Many people came to 6 me. They did try to find an ambulance but in 7 . So I was thrown in the back of a jeep and 8 to the nearby hospital， where I went through three major and two minor 9 .

The days I spent in the hospital were 10 . I was in severe pain， especially psychologically. I was 11 wearing the hospital gown， lying in the ward and looking at the white walls. I was so 12 that I felt life was pointless and 13 . But then I realized instead of crying for what I had lost， I was going to fight against my fate （命運(yùn)）. Thus， there came the best 14 that I took in my entire life painting， a magic way to color my life.

That’s how this experience helped me in 15 an artist in me. So be grateful， be alive， and live every moment.

1. A. pray B. argue C. comment D. complain

2. A. survivors B. leaders C. fighters D. competitors

3. A. slight B. personal C. distinct D. multiple

4. A. cut B. cured C. broken D. protected

5. A. gradually B. completely C. nearly D. temporarily

6. A. comfort B. search C. control D. rescue

7. A. vain B. sorrow C. trouble D. danger

8. A. admitted B. guided C. rushed D. pushed

9. A. experiments B. surgeries C. examinations D. cooperations

10. A. peaceful B. awful C. helpful D. regretful

11. A. bored with B. used to C. worried about D. ashamed of

12. A. depressed B. tired C. unlucky D. angry

13. A. endless B. colorless C. limitless D. priceless

14. A. time B. belief C. decision D. opportunity

15. A. exploring B. visiting C. introducing D. encouraging

語(yǔ)法填空

Passage 1

A young dancer who wears an artificial leg is inspiring people around the globe with her 1 （impress） gymnastic routines. Jamiyah Robinson， 10， of Columbia， South Carolina， was born with femoral deficiency—a rare condition that caused her left leg 2 （be） shorter than the other. When she was 5， she 3 （fit） with an artificial leg. “When she started flipping （翻轉(zhuǎn)） I was so happy—it just 4 （blow） me away，” her mom LaShawn Jacobs said. “I am very proud 5 my daughter. She amazes me every day and 6 makes me so happy that she’s inspiring the world.”

For the last three years， Jamiyah has been a member of the dance team 7 has been featured on the Lifetime Show. And within the last year， she has been pulling off （完成） gymnastics moves—a self-taught skill. “ 8 （see） my daughter on the dance floor with the other girls， I actually cried out loud. She always keeps up and lives in fearlessness，” Jacobs said. Jamiyah’s gymnastic videos have received thousands of comments online and nearly 50，000 9 （share） so far. She’s even got messages from 10 （disable） kids who say they feel encouraged by Jamiyah.

1. _____________ " 2. _____________ " 3. _____________ " 4. _____________ " 5. _____________

6. _____________ " 7. _____________ " 8. _____________ " 9. _____________ " 10. _____________

Passage 2

At the end of May in 2022， events were held both online and offline in Nanjing and Taicang， Jiangsu province， 1 （honor） the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Chien-Shiung Wu. In September that year， 2 global online seminar was staged also to mark this anniversary.

3 （compare） with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman， Wu is not a household name in China， where she was born and grew up， or in the United States， where she spent most of her life， but she was one of the most 4 （influence） nuclear physicists of the 20th century， one who 5 （complete） changed human’s view of the universe.

Wu was born 6 May 31， 1912， in Liuhe town， Taicang， where the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. It was a time 7 the feudal system （封建制度） in China came to an end and new 8 （think） rushed in as people 9 （seek） to find ways to revive the country.

After 10 （receive） a modern education in Shanghai， Wu’s father， Wu Zhongyi， founded the first school for girls in Taicang in 1913. He aimed to break the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents. The school has been Mingde Senior Middle School since 1998.

1. _____________ " 2. _____________ " 3. _____________ " 4. _____________ " 5. _____________

6. _____________ " 7. _____________ " 8. _____________ " 9. _____________ " 10. _____________

讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Boys like to be considered to be brave， but what kind of things can be considered to be brave？ It is not a question that can be answered by words， but by the actual deed. A boy with the name Henry gave us a good example. Ronny and Henry were two friends in the same class. They always played together and went home together. One day as Ronny and Henry were going home after school， they saw some people fighting in the street corner. Ronny said excitedly， “Some people are fighting！ Let’s go and have a look！” But Henry refused， “It’s none of our business. We’d better go home and don’t get close to them. Also our parents are expecting to have dinner with us together at home and I don’t want them to worry about me.”

“You are a coward （膽小鬼）， and afraid to go，” said Ronny， and off he ran to the spot with some other boys. Henry had to go home alone and didn’t think about it anymore.

But Ronny thought Henry was a coward and told all the boys that. They laughed at him a great deal. From then on， they looked down upon Henry and didn’t want to play with him.

Henry was sad but he wasn’t angry with Ronny for his rude behavior， because he had learned that true courage was shown most in bearing misunderstanding when it was not deserved， and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong. Thus， he just ignored the other boys’ laughter and continued to stick to his thought and go to school and study as well. However， Ronny didn’t invite Henry to go home with him anymore. Instead， he had his new friends who also thought Henry was a coward. Every day after school， they didn’t go home directly but went to the river or somewhere to play games and had lots of fun.

注意：續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

A few days later， something terrible happened to Ronny.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

At that moment， Henry happened to pass by.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________