人物類記敘文讀寫指南

王虹

文體導(dǎo)讀

人物類記敘文是敘述一個(gè)或多個(gè)主要人物的生活經(jīng)歷或事件的文學(xué)形式。它描繪了人物的性格、行為和生活經(jīng)歷，以及在特定情境中的發(fā)展和變化。人物類記敘文常具有以下幾個(gè)主要語篇特征：

1. 人物的塑造——人物類記敘文著重描繪主要人物的性格特點(diǎn)、外貌和心理。借助具體的細(xì)節(jié)和描述，讀者可以建立起與人物的形象和感情的聯(lián)系。

2. 情節(jié)的呈現(xiàn)——人物類記敘文通過連續(xù)的事件和情節(jié)描述，展現(xiàn)人物在不同情境中的行為和反應(yīng)。這些情節(jié)有時(shí)是線性的，有時(shí)是以回憶或閃回的形式呈現(xiàn)。

3. 敘述的視角——人物類記敘文通常采用第一人稱或第三人稱的敘述視角。此外，這種文體有時(shí)還會(huì)運(yùn)用多重視角的敘述方式，以展現(xiàn)不同人物之間的相互作用和關(guān)系。

4. 主題和教訓(xùn)——人物類記敘文通常傳達(dá)著一個(gè)或多個(gè)主題或教訓(xùn)。通過人物的經(jīng)歷和變化，作者試圖傳達(dá)一種價(jià)值觀或思想，讓讀者從中獲得啟示并進(jìn)行反思。

策略導(dǎo)航

1. 預(yù)覽/預(yù)讀：先關(guān)注文章標(biāo)題、開頭和結(jié)尾，了解主題和故事線索，以形成一個(gè)框架，在閱讀或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)更有針對(duì)性和目的性。

2. 注重人物描寫：關(guān)注作者對(duì)主要人物的描寫和刻畫。注意外貌特征、行為和性格描述，以更好地理解故事。

3. 理解對(duì)話和內(nèi)心獨(dú)白：通過仔細(xì)閱讀人物之間的對(duì)話并觀察他們之間的互動(dòng)，了解他們的思想、情感和態(tài)度。同時(shí)，注意內(nèi)心獨(dú)白，這是人物思想和感受的直接展示。

4. 掌握主題和教訓(xùn)：思考作者想要傳達(dá)的主題或教訓(xùn)，并嘗試將其與個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系起來。這有助于理解故事的深層含義和思想內(nèi)涵。

5. 拓展閱讀范圍：多讀不同類型的英語人物類記敘文，包括小說、短篇故事等。通過閱讀更多的文學(xué)作品，你可以提升閱讀速度和理解力，同時(shí)擴(kuò)大詞匯量并提高表達(dá)能力。

6. 利用“ABCDE 原則”：從Appreciation、Background、Characteristic、Deed、Evalua?tion五重視角對(duì)人物進(jìn)行解讀，并使用不同顏色的筆對(duì)不同的部分進(jìn)行標(biāo)注。

素材導(dǎo)背

1. 對(duì)人物的欣賞、評(píng)價(jià)以及人物特征

admirable adj. 令人欽佩的

remarkable adj. 非凡的

inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的

extraordinary adj. 卓越的

courageous adj. 勇敢的

compassionate adj. 有同情心的

resilient adj. 堅(jiān)韌不拔的

wise adj. 充滿智慧的

talented adj. 有才華的

gifted adj. 有天賦的

noble adj. 高尚的

visionary adj. 有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的

dedicated adj. 專注的

inspirational adj. 激勵(lì)人心的

motivated adj. 有動(dòng)力的

influential adj. 有很大影響力的

dynamic adj. 充滿活力的

trustworthy adj. 值得信任的

reliable adj. 可靠的

honest adj. 誠(chéng)實(shí)的

caring adj. 體貼的

loyal adj. 忠誠(chéng)的

kind?hearted adj. 心地善良的

selfless adj. 無私的

humble adj. 謙遜的

respectable adj. 值得尊敬的

supportive adj. 支持的

ambitious adj. 有野心的

charismatic adj. 有超凡魅力的

persistent adj. 堅(jiān)持不懈的

optimistic adj. 樂觀的

energetic adj. 精力充沛的

enthusiastic adj. 熱情洋溢的

patient adj. 有耐心的

observant adj. 觀察力敏銳的

charitable adj. 慈善的

creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的

empathetic adj. 有同感的

determined adj. 堅(jiān)定的

versatile adj. 多才多藝的

knowledgeable adj. 博學(xué)的

adaptable adj. 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的

persevering adj. 堅(jiān)持不懈的

disciplined adj. 守紀(jì)律的

proactive adj. 積極主動(dòng)的

responsible adj. 有責(zé)任心的

2. 背景信息

be born and raised in 出生和成長(zhǎng)于

from a humble background 出身卑微

well?traveled adj. 游歷廣泛的

multicultural background 多元文化背景

be influenced by diverse cultures 受多種文化影響

hail from 來自

graduate from 畢業(yè)于

pursue education in 就讀于

3. 人物事跡

overcome obstacles 克服困難

make a significant impact 產(chǎn)生了重大影響

achieve great success 取得了巨大的成功

devote oneself to 某人致力于

inspire others 激勵(lì)他人

help those in need 幫助有需要的人

persevere in the face of adversity 在逆境中堅(jiān)持不懈

make significant contributions 做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)

positively impact the lives of many 對(duì)許多人的生活產(chǎn)生了積極影響

excel in 在……方面做得出色

overcome personal challenges 戰(zhàn)勝個(gè)人挑戰(zhàn)

demonstrate exceptional skill/talent 展示了非凡的技能/才華

work tirelessly for 為……孜孜不倦地工作

make a positive difference to 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生了積極的影響

案例導(dǎo)練

A miracle mentor： Mr Johnson

奇跡導(dǎo)師約翰遜先生

During my high school years， one teacher had a lasting impact onme： Mr Johnson. His exceptional qualities， inspiring actions， andunwavering commitment made him an extraordinary educator.

With his friendly smile and gray hair， Mr Johnson had a specialcharm that influenced his students. He strongly believed in our poten?tial and offered unwavering support. Growing up in a small town， heunderstood our difficulties and became a guiding light in our lives.

Inside his classroom， the walls were decorated with colorful charts， motivating quotes，and captivating artworks. Every day， Mr Johnson filled his lessons with magical energy thatturned learning into an exciting adventure. He had a talent for transforming ordinary sub?jects into fascinating stories， using real?life examples that resonated with our teenage minds.

One example that showed Mr Johnsons dedication was during a challenging math les?son. Sensing our frustrations， he patiently explained the concepts using relatable compari?sons and visual aids. He went the extra mile， staying after school to provide individual as?sistance for struggling students. His commitment to our success went beyond the classroom.

In addition to academic study， Mr Johnson encouraged our overall development. He or?ganized trips to museums and universities， broadening our horizons. When we were facedwith doubt， he reminded us of our strengths and instilled belief in our abilities.

A mentoring program established by Mr Johnson had a lasting impact on me. Studentsfacing difficulties， including myself， were paired with older students who excelled in thesame subjects. Through weekly meetings， these mentors offered guidance and friendship，transforming our academic journeys.

As graduation approached， we felt a mix of excitement and nostalgia （懷舊）. Mr John?sons wise words reminded us of our potential to overcome future challenges. His influenceextended far beyond the classroom， shaping us into confident individuals.

Looking back， Mr Johnsons influence remains strong. He not only taught us academic?knowledge but also invaluable life lessons. He connected with us on a personal level，inspiring us to pursue our dreams.

Mr Johnsons unwavering commitment， passion for teaching， and ability to make an im?pact made him an exceptional educator. He nurtured our growth. Mr Johnson， your influ?ence will always be remembered and cherished in our hearts and minds.

一、閱讀自測(cè)

1. What is talked about about Mr Johnson in the first two paragraphs？

A. The attractiveness of his smile and hair.

B. His exceptional qualities and commitment.

C. The impact of his belief in students potential.

D. His unique understanding of students difficulties.

2. How did Mr Johnson make learning exciting？

A. By changing subjects into fascinating stories.

B. By filling his lessons with contagious energy.

C. By using captivating artworks in the classroom.

D. By decorating the walls with motivating quotes.

3. What impact did the mentoring program have on students？

A. It promoted their overall personal development.

B. It strengthened their belief in their abilities.

C. It broadened their horizons and motivation.

D. It contributed to academic improvement and friendship.

4. In what aspect did Mr Johnson play a significant role？

A. Organizing graduation activities.

B. Helping students excel academically.

C. Shaping students' personalities and confidence.

D. Fostering a sense of nostalgia among students.

二、語言汲取

（一）關(guān)于人物描寫、介紹或評(píng)價(jià)的語言

1. 人格魅力與品質(zhì)

exceptional quality 卓越的品質(zhì)

inspiring action 鼓舞人心的行為

friendly smile 友善的微笑

special charm 特殊的魅力

2. 教學(xué)方法和態(tài)度

unwavering commitment 堅(jiān)定的承諾

magical energy 神奇的能量

talent for ……的才能

captivating artwork 迷人的藝術(shù)作品

visual aid 視覺輔助工具

go the extra mile 付出額外的努力

individual assistance 個(gè)別的幫助

3. 理解和支持學(xué)生

understand our difficulties 理解我們的困難

guiding light 指引之光

offer unwavering support 提供堅(jiān)定的支持

remind us of our strengths 提醒我們自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)

instill belief in our abilities 灌輸對(duì)自身能力的信心

connect with students on a personal level 與學(xué)生建立個(gè)人關(guān)系

4. 教育方法和成果

broaden our horizons 開闊我們的眼界

education program 教育計(jì)劃

mentoring program 指導(dǎo)計(jì)劃

excel in the same subjects 在相同的科目上表現(xiàn)出色

offer guidance and friendship 提供指導(dǎo)和友誼

shape us into confident individuals 把我們塑造成自信的人

5. 總結(jié)和回憶

lasting impact 持久的影響

nurture our growth 滋養(yǎng)我們的成長(zhǎng)

teach invaluable life lessons 教授寶貴的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)

（二）精彩表達(dá)

1. With his friendly smile and gray hair， Mr Johnson had a special charm that at?tracted students to him. 約翰遜先生笑容親切，頭發(fā)花白，具有一種特殊的魅力，吸引著學(xué)生們接近他。

本句中，With his friendly smile and gray hair是with短語作原因狀語。with短語常由“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”構(gòu)成，賓補(bǔ)可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及非謂語動(dòng)詞，在句中可作原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語、方式狀語、伴隨狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。that attractedstudents to him是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞charm。

2. Growing up in a small town， he understood our difficulties and became a guidinglight in our lives. 他在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)大，理解我們的困難并成為我們生活中的指引之光。

本句中，Growing up in a small town為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示原因?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中還可作時(shí)間狀語、伴隨狀語、結(jié)果狀語、條件狀語等。

3. He not only taught us academic knowledge but also invaluable life lessons. 他不僅傳授我們學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)，還傳授我們寶貴的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

本句用的是not only...but also...句型，該句型意為“不但……而且……”。當(dāng)notonly部分充當(dāng)狀語，放在句首時(shí)，句子常用半倒裝的語序。

三、句式仿寫

1. 我們敬佩的這位老師用耐心和關(guān)懷幫助我們克服了不曾預(yù)料到的很多困難。

____________________， the teacher who we admired helped us over?come many challenges ____________________.

2. 老師們用他們的關(guān)懷和支持，幫助我們克服了困難和挑戰(zhàn)，讓我們深受感動(dòng)。

____________________， the teacher assisted us in overcoming difficul?ties and challenges with their care and support.

3. 這位老師不僅關(guān)注教學(xué)，還關(guān)注學(xué)生的個(gè)人發(fā)展，并為他們提供適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)和建議。

____________________， but he also pays attention to students' per?sonal development and provides them with appropriate guidance and advice.

四、寫作實(shí)踐

近日，Crazy English 雜志社舉行了主題為“A miracle teacher”的征文大賽。你想寫一篇短文參加本次比賽。

內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

1. 這位老師是誰；

2. 這位老師的神奇之處；

3. 你對(duì)這位老師的評(píng)價(jià)。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用兩個(gè)前文中解析過的句式。

A miracle teacher

___________________________-

評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)思