從兩道中考題看過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

姜虹

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，即“過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”，主要由“was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing”構(gòu)成，是中考中的一個(gè)常見考點(diǎn)。對(duì)此，筆者結(jié)合兩道中考真題剖析了過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的常見用法，以期對(duì)同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

【真題回顧】

（1）（2022年江蘇常州中考卷）

—Why didn't you open the door for me，Jim ？

—I______clothes in the bathroom.I didn't hear the knock.

A.am washing??? B.have washed

C.washed??? D.was washing

（2）（2022年湖北十堰中考卷）

When the teacher got into the classroom，Xiaoming______a novel.

A.read??? B.reads

C.was reading??? D.is reading

解析：上述兩道題主要考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法。（1）句意是：吉姆，你為什么不給我開門？我在浴室洗衣服，我沒有聽到敲門聲。由“I didn't hear the knock”可知，空格處表示的是過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以宜用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選D 項(xiàng)。（2）句意是：當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，小明正

在看小說。聯(lián)系語境可知，當(dāng)過去的某個(gè)動(dòng)作“got into the classroom”發(fā)生時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作 “看小說”正在進(jìn)行中，所以宜用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

【用法點(diǎn)撥】

（1）表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與at that/this time，at...o^，clock last night，all day yesterday，the whole morn- ing/aftemoon/evening等表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：

I was taking a walk at this time the day before yesterday.

前天的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在散步。

She was cleaning her room at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午3點(diǎn)鐘，她正在打掃房間。

They were playing basketball on the play?ground the whole morning.

他們整個(gè)上午都在操場打籃球。

（2）表示在過去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，常與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：

It was raining hard when we arrived in Suzhou.

我們到達(dá)蘇州時(shí)正下著雨。

We were reading English when the teach?er came in.

當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，我們正在朗讀英語。

The children were watching TV in the liv?ing room when I got home.

當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，孩子們正在客廳看電視。

（3）表示過去兩個(gè)延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，常與while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。例如：

We were dancing while she was singing.

她在歌唱時(shí)，我們?cè)谔琛?/p>

I was drawing while my mother was cooking.

媽媽在做飯時(shí)，我在畫畫。

While Annie was doing her homework in the room ，her brother was playing in the yard.

當(dāng)安妮正在房間寫作業(yè)時(shí)，她的弟弟正在院子里玩耍。

（4）表示在過去某一時(shí)間按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多與go，come，leave，start，stay等動(dòng)詞連用。例如：

He said he was coming tomorrow.

他說他明天會(huì)過來。

Jack told us that he was leaving for Nan?jing next month.

杰克告訴我們他下個(gè)月要去南京。

She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.

她說她下個(gè)星期要去買一輛新自行車。

【練一練】

根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空。

（1）He said he______（live）with his parents at that time.

（2）Linda told me she______（come） to see me tomorrow.

（3）They ______（play）chess in the garden when the phone??? （ring）.

（4）I didn't think Linda saw me，because she ______（talk） with her friend.

（5）While Dad ______（repair） his bicycle，I______（skip）.

【答案】

（1）was living

（2）was coming

（3）were playing;rang

（4）was talking

（5）was repairing;was skipping

總之，在解答與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)的問題時(shí)，同學(xué)們要注意細(xì)致讀題，抓住前后語境提示，挖掘暗含信息，進(jìn)而確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，得出正確答案。