Fan Jinshi—The Daughter of Dunhuang樊錦詩(shī)

朱廣春

2023 年7 月10 日，為褒揚(yáng)她為中國(guó)石窟考古與保護(hù)做出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，國(guó)際天文學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)小行星命名委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)將編號(hào)為381323 號(hào)的小行星以她的名字來(lái)命名；她是“感動(dòng)中國(guó)2019 年度人物”；她是中國(guó)“文物保護(hù)杰出貢獻(xiàn)者”國(guó)家榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)獲得者；她就是敦煌研究院名譽(yù)院長(zhǎng)，“敦煌的女兒”——樊錦詩(shī) 。

Fan Jinshi was born in Beijing in July 1938 and grew up inShanghai. In the summer of 1963， after graduating from Archaeologyin the Department of History at Peking University， she 1）resolutelywent to Dunhuang.

Between 1985 and 1986， Fan Jinshi was responsible for writingthe 2）application materials to 3）recommend the Mogao Grottoes asWorld Cultural Heritage status. Thanks to her and her colleagues’efforts， the Mogao Grottoes became one of China’s first World CulturalHeritage list sites in 1987， and gradually became a global modelfor the protection and utilization of cultural heritage. 4）Initiated anddirectly participated in by Fan Jinshi， Regulations on the Protectionof the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang in Gansu was promulgated andimplemented in 2003， which for the first time included the 5）overallprotection and management of cultural heritage in the government’slegal governance system. Dunhuang Academy also collaborated withthree domestic and foreign institutions to develop Master Plan for theProtection of the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang.

With the progress of the Western Developmentand the prosperity of the tourism industry， anunprecedented number of tourists has soaredat the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang. How cansuch precious and 6）fragile art “l(fā)ive” longer？ Atthe age of 65， Fan Jinshi came up with a boldidea to establish a digital archive for each cave，each mural， and each painted sculpture， and to?use digital technology to make the Mogao Grottoes “eternallybeautiful”. Thus， the use of modern digital technology to showcasethe historical and cultural background and 7）exquisite cave art ofthe Mogao Grottoes was put on the agenda. In April 2016， “DigitalDunhuang” was successfully launched， and high-definition digitalcontent of 30 classic caves and 45，000 square meters of muralswas released to the world. Tourists only need to click the mouseto have a complete view. From then on， Dunhuang culture and artalong the Belt and Road truly stepped out of the caves and intothe world.

As a grotto archaeologist， Fan Jinshi’s record-basedarchaeological report， The Complete Collection of the Grottoesof Dunhuang， which she 8）presided over in 2011， is hailed as thefirst scientific and academic report on grotto archaeology in China.After retiring， Fan Jinshi still spends more than half of each year inDunhuang. It took her over 10 years to finish compiling the secondvolume of The Complete Collection of the Grottoes of Dunhuang，which contains over 300，000 words.

With the seasons changing for 60 years， Fan Jinshi walkedthrough the 735 caves of varying sizes in the Mogao Grottoes，experiencing every mural and painted sculpture.

On May 4th of 2023， which was the 125th anniversary ofPeking University， Fan Jinshi returned to the university anddonated 10 million yuan to establish the Fan Jinshi EducationFund to support Dunhuang studies there. On July 10th， Fan Jinshidonated 10 million yuan to establish the Fan Jinshi Fund， whichwill be used to promote the protection， research， and developmentof Dunhuang grottoes， as well as the training of urgently-neededtalents.

Choose one thing， and devote all her life to it. “I have aninseparable bond with Dunhuang， and my life is destined to belongto Dunhuang.” “Although I am over 80 years old， as long as I amalive， I will continue to make my own contribution to the prosperityand flourishing of Chinese culture， and the great rejuvenation ofthe Chinese nation without sparing any effort，” said Fan Jinshi.

Salute to Fan Jinshi！ Learn from “the daughter of Dunhuang”who perseveres and works hard for her dream！

1） resolutely adv. 堅(jiān)決地

2） application n. 申請(qǐng)

3） recommend v. 推薦

4） initiate v. 發(fā)起

5） overall adj. 整體的

6） fragile adj. 脆弱的

7） exquisite adj. 精美的

8） preside v. 主持

樊錦詩(shī)1938 年7 月生于北京，長(zhǎng)在上海。1963 年夏天，樊錦詩(shī)從北京大學(xué)歷史系考古專業(yè)畢業(yè)后，毅然奔赴敦煌。

1985 年至1986 年，莫高窟申報(bào)世界文化遺產(chǎn)，樊錦詩(shī)負(fù)責(zé)撰寫申報(bào)材料。在她和同事的努力下，1987 年莫高窟成為中國(guó)首批列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》的遺產(chǎn)地，并逐漸成為世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的全球典范。在樊錦詩(shī)的發(fā)起和直接參與下，《甘肅敦煌莫高窟保護(hù)條例》于2003 年頒布實(shí)施，首次將文化遺產(chǎn)整體保護(hù)管理納入政府法制治理體系，敦煌研究院還聯(lián)合國(guó)內(nèi)外3 家機(jī)構(gòu)編制了《敦煌莫高窟保護(hù)總體規(guī)劃》。

隨著西部大開(kāi)發(fā)的進(jìn)展與旅游業(yè)的繁榮，敦煌莫高窟吸引了前所未有的眾多游客。這么珍貴而脆弱的藝術(shù)如何才能“活”得更久？時(shí)年65 歲的樊錦詩(shī)產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)大膽的構(gòu)想，要為每一個(gè)洞窟、每一幅壁畫、每一尊彩塑建立數(shù)字檔案，利用數(shù)字技術(shù)讓莫高窟“容顏永駐”。于是，利用現(xiàn)代數(shù)字技術(shù)展示莫高窟歷史文化背景和精美洞窟藝術(shù)的構(gòu)想提上議程。2016 年4 月，“數(shù)字敦煌”成功上線，30 個(gè)經(jīng)典洞窟、4.5 萬(wàn)平方米壁畫的高清數(shù)字化內(nèi)容向全球發(fā)布，游客只需輕點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo)，即能一覽無(wú)余。從此，“一帶一路”上的敦煌文化與藝術(shù)真正走出洞窟，走向世界。

作為一名石窟考古學(xué)家，2011 年樊錦詩(shī)主持編寫了記錄性考古報(bào)告《敦煌石窟全集》，它被譽(yù)為國(guó)內(nèi)第一本具有科學(xué)性和學(xué)術(shù)性的石窟考古報(bào)告。退休后，樊錦詩(shī)每年仍有一半時(shí)間留在敦煌，歷時(shí)10 余年編寫完30 多萬(wàn)字的《敦煌石窟全集》第二卷。

60 載春秋冬夏，樊錦詩(shī)走遍莫高窟大大小小735 個(gè)洞窟，看遍了每一幅壁畫、每一尊彩塑。

2023 年5 月4 日，北京大學(xué)125 周年校慶日，樊錦詩(shī)回到北大，捐款1000 萬(wàn)元人民幣，設(shè)立樊錦詩(shī)教育基金，用以支持北大的敦煌研究。7 月10 日，樊錦詩(shī)捐贈(zèng)1000 萬(wàn)元人民幣，設(shè)立樊錦詩(shī)基金，用于推動(dòng)敦煌石窟保護(hù)、研究、弘揚(yáng)事業(yè)發(fā)展以及急需人才的培養(yǎng)。

擇一事，終一生?！拔液投鼗陀懈畈坏舻木壏?，我這一生注定屬于敦煌?！薄拔译m然年過(guò)八十，但只要我一息尚存，仍將繼續(xù)為中華文化的繁榮興盛，為中華民族的偉大復(fù)興盡心竭力，做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)?！狈\詩(shī)說(shuō)。

致敬樊錦詩(shī)！向?yàn)閴?mèng)想而堅(jiān)守努力的“敦煌的女兒”學(xué)習(xí)！