邱立本 張喜儀/譯
冬天是對食物特別思念的季節(jié)。也許在寒風(fēng)刺骨中,在低溫的情境中,對溫暖身心的食物會(huì)有一種特別的向往。
Winter is a season that always seems to bring back memories of food. Perhaps its on account of the cold winds2 and the drop in temperature; we long for something to warm us up in body and mind.
我往往想起童年時(shí)的冬天食品。到了農(nóng)歷新年前后,家里就會(huì)買一只臘鴨,吊在廚房的角落。這也吊足了我們一伙嘴饞的小孩的胃口,總渴望可以很快吃這種滿昂貴的食物。
I often find my thoughts returning to the winter foods of my childhood days, especially around the Chinese New Year, when the family would buy a cured duck and hang it up in the corner of the kitchen. The children of the house3 were soon attracted to it, a little band of gourmets eager to sample this rare delicacy4.
但祖母的政策是要省著吃,不能吃太多。她說這些客人來吃飯或重要的節(jié)日才能吃,平時(shí)小孩子就只能望梅止渴,看著那些吊著的臘鴨。
My grandmas policy, however, was that we had to be content with what we already had. It was only when there were guests coming over or on important occasions that we stood any chance of eating what we really wanted.5 On other days, we children could only stare longingly6 at those tasty cured ducks, hanging there above our heads.
不過終于等到吃臘鴨的時(shí)刻,總是從嗅覺開始。也許是剛下課回家,就聞到廚房傳來這股強(qiáng)烈的味道。祖母把這只臘鴨切成一塊一塊的,放在飯鍋內(nèi)蒸,讓臘鴨的油滲進(jìn)飯內(nèi)。因而當(dāng)舌頭還沒咬到臘鴨的時(shí)候,一家人的鼻腔都在享受這種充滿誘惑的味道。
The time for eating nonetheless arrived at last, and when it did, things always began with a sense of smell. I was aware of it the moment I got home from school, that powerful aroma drifting unmistakably from the kitchen7. My grandma first cut the cured duck into pieces. Then she placed them inside the rice steamer, allowing the ducks meaty oil to seep8 into the surrounding rice. That way, even before we had tasted it, the whole family was already enjoying its wonderful flavor, just by sense of smell9.
其實(shí)用祖母的話說,這是很“惹味”的香氣。它刺激味蕾和神經(jīng)末梢,在寒冷的冬天里,這成為一種溫暖腸胃和心情的美食。那些在今天被視為“健康不正確”的臘鴨肥油和太咸的臘鴨肉,卻是當(dāng)年冬天最滋補(bǔ)、最鼓舞人心的神秘力量。
My grandma had a special way of talking about that aroma—it really ‘perked us up10 as she put it. It stimulated our taste buds and stirred every little nerve ending into life. In those days, that cured duck was the perfect way to warm our stomachs and lift our spirits in the depths of winter. In these more ‘health-conscious11 times, we are told that cured duck meat is too salty, and its oil too greasy for a healthy diet. But in those winter days, that cured duck meat and its greasy oil were the most fortifying and nutritious food you ever saw.
* 香港資深媒體工作者,上世紀(jì)九十年代開始擔(dān)任《亞洲周刊》總編輯。著有《邱立本文集》等十多套書籍。曾分別在2006年、2008年及2012年獲評為中國一百位公共知識分子之一。2010年榮獲星云新聞獎(jiǎng),2011年獲亞洲出版協(xié)會(huì)SOPA最佳新聞評論獎(jiǎng)。
** 博士,2010年畢業(yè)于法國巴黎索邦大學(xué)高等研究學(xué)院宗教學(xué)系(EPHE-Sorbonne, Section V),主修郭象玄學(xué)。曾任香港職業(yè)訓(xùn)練局語言中心、香港理工大學(xué)中文及雙語學(xué)系翻譯部全職講師及香港浸會(huì)大學(xué)翻譯中心研究員,現(xiàn)為香港樹仁大學(xué)中文語言及文學(xué)學(xué)系助理教授。
1原文選自邱立本《舌頭的記憶》。作者透過描述臘鴨這種南方特色食品去表達(dá)對故親的追憶,以及對兒時(shí)生活的回味,盡管文句淺白,卻時(shí)空交錯(cuò),放進(jìn)英語,很不容易處理。譯者因此在努力嘗試讓譯文貼近原文的深層意思和風(fēng)格之余,大量采用地道英語組合,以期將原文的意思和行文再現(xiàn)英譯讀者面前。? 2原文的“寒風(fēng)刺骨”,譯文只是簡單地用了the cold winds,而沒有采用對應(yīng)的形容詞nippy/ruthless/biting/freezing,原因是香港的冬天不會(huì)如北方般冰冷,一般只是遇到寒流(a cold spell),氣溫下降而已,而且此段也有“低溫”(drop in temperature)二字。? 3這里的the house是一種填補(bǔ)(interpolation),與前一句的family呼應(yīng)但用詞沒有重復(fù),而且避免了譯文句子出現(xiàn)賓語歸屬含糊的情況。
4把“一伙嘴饞的小孩”翻譯成a little band of gourmets,既可以營造三五小孩喧鬧的情景(a band of),又可以把他們打造成為小小美食家(little gourmets),效果似乎不俗。如果用“glutton (a person who regularly eats and drinks more than needed)”,反而有欠準(zhǔn)確。另外,此句中的sample,名詞作動(dòng)詞用,并用rare delicacy (等于中國人常說的“山珍海味”) 去處理“滿昂貴的食物”,也比較靈活。? 5“It was only when… that we stood any chance of eating…”(……才能吃),這是很地道的英語說法。? ?6“望梅止渴”有很多相對固定的英語翻譯,例如quench ones thirst by thinking of plums、console oneself with false hopes、feed on fancies。第一種翻譯,中國傳統(tǒng)文化色彩太濃厚,對一般的英語讀者來說,不太能夠產(chǎn)生共鳴,至于第二與第三種翻譯,則過于籠統(tǒng)而且呆滯,所以這里把它翻譯成could only stare longingly at those tasty cured ducks,把原文句子最后面的部分——“那些……臘鴨”,直接放在stare longingly后面,干脆利落。? 7原文里“也許”這個(gè)詞,用得很奇怪,應(yīng)該是冗詞,故不翻。倒是從廚房飄出來的臘鴨香味,卻是真實(shí)無誤的,所以把后半句翻譯成that powerful aroma drifting unmistakably from the kitchen。? 8英語seep有液體慢慢滲透的意思,在這里,比penetrate、permeate等詞更合適。
9原文的“鼻腔”(nasal cavity)和“誘惑”(seductive/tempting),都沒有采用直譯,而采用了簡單而地道的意譯,這主要是考慮到原文是小品文類,而不是科普文體。? 10英語慣用語to perk someone up有令人精神為之一振的意思,與接著下一句的“它刺激味蕾和神經(jīng)末梢”正好相配合。? ?11若把“健康不正確”翻譯成unhealthy,容易令人對臘鴨有負(fù)面的評價(jià),尤其這段是作者用來贊美臘鴨在物質(zhì)困乏的年代所能發(fā)揮的強(qiáng)大力量(“最滋補(bǔ)、最鼓舞人心”)。因此,譯文用了health-conscious,作肯定式處理。