陳瑾
2022年英語(yǔ)高考全國(guó)乙卷的書(shū)面表達(dá)題要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)圖表顯示的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫(xiě)出一篇短文,寫(xiě)作要素包括根據(jù)圖表討論學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的情況,并根據(jù)這些活動(dòng)情況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論以及提出建議。寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容要求同學(xué)們對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行一個(gè)描述,抓住圖表的主要數(shù)據(jù),占比最高數(shù)據(jù),占比最低數(shù)據(jù),以及中間數(shù)據(jù),有層次、有條理地介紹當(dāng)今學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)狀,指出人數(shù)的百分比和活動(dòng)類(lèi)型,并且對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的點(diǎn)評(píng),同時(shí)提出自己的建議。那么,對(duì)于此類(lèi)型題目,我們應(yīng)該如何寫(xiě)出一篇高分作文呢?下面筆者談?wù)勛约旱南敕ā?/p>
一、先審題
學(xué)校英文報(bào)正在開(kāi)展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom為題的討論。請(qǐng)使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫(xiě)一篇短文來(lái)投稿,內(nèi)容包括:
1.學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)狀況描述;2.簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論;3.你的建議。注意:
1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.短文的題目和首句已為你寫(xiě)好。
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn English well.
通過(guò)閱讀題目,同學(xué)們要清楚本次寫(xiě)作的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容:1.陳述圖表呈現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù):學(xué)生在課外時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的四種方式——聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)歌曲、看英語(yǔ)電影、讀英語(yǔ)書(shū)籍和瀏覽英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站;2.針對(duì)這些不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式進(jìn)行評(píng)論;3.對(duì)課外學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方式提出一些合理化的建議。
在開(kāi)始正式寫(xiě)作之前,同學(xué)們必須從五個(gè)方面認(rèn)真審題:1.話題Topic:"學(xué)生在課外時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方式";2.體裁writing style:圖表類(lèi)短文;3.時(shí)態(tài)tense:表達(dá)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)狀況描述和簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論,主要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),關(guān)于建議,會(huì)用一般將來(lái)時(shí),或者用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)建議;4.人稱(chēng)person:考生我為第一人稱(chēng),參與英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)情況調(diào)查的"學(xué)生們"為第三人稱(chēng);5.作文結(jié)構(gòu):第一段引出話題,陳述圖表內(nèi)容;第二段針對(duì)圖表內(nèi)容進(jìn)行評(píng)論;第三段發(fā)表個(gè)人建議。
二、列要點(diǎn)
在認(rèn)真審題之后,同學(xué)們就可以開(kāi)始列出文章要點(diǎn),明晰文章應(yīng)該怎么寫(xiě):
1.圖表透露出什么信息?反映出了什么問(wèn)題?
18%的學(xué)生讀英語(yǔ)書(shū)籍;65%的學(xué)生聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)歌曲;50%的學(xué)生看英語(yǔ)電影;12%的學(xué)生瀏覽英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站。說(shuō)明學(xué)生重娛樂(lè),忽視或者不愿枯燥地看書(shū)或者學(xué)習(xí)。
2.怎么描述圖表呈現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)及學(xué)習(xí)方法?
通常用百分比percent,注意percent 沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù),如:65 percent of the students;18% of them;百分之五十:50 percent of the students 或者h(yuǎn)alf of the students;動(dòng)詞:take up、account for。因此在數(shù)據(jù)部分我們可以描述為:A recent survey suggests that the majority of students being interviewed, about 65%,tend to learn? English by listening to English? songs.50% of them? choose to watch English movies as a way of learning. Reading English books and visiting English learning? sites prove to be the less popular ways, accounting for18% and 12% respectively.或:The percentage of the students who listen to English? songs? is? as? high? as 65%.50% of them? watch? English? movies? while? only 18% read? English? books. Those? who? visit? English-learning? websites? accounts? for 18% and 12% respectively.
或:A study of our school shows that listening to English? songs? and? watching? movies? in? English? are? the most? popular? activities? among? our? students,? taking? up 65% and 50%. But only less than 1/5 students read Eng- lish books or visit English study websites.
總的來(lái)說(shuō),本篇文章的要點(diǎn)可以總結(jié)為三個(gè)部分:
第一部分:介紹調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)——四種學(xué)習(xí)方式各自的占比情況;
第二部分:總結(jié)這一調(diào)查所體現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象——以?shī)蕵?lè)方式比如看電影、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)居多;
第三部分:給出建議——可以多角度,不受限,只要建議是正面的,比如:
1.多種學(xué)習(xí)方法應(yīng)均衡使用;
2.可嘗試其他學(xué)習(xí)方式。
三、準(zhǔn)備詞語(yǔ)和句式
本題中的開(kāi)頭句式已經(jīng)給出,同學(xué)們只需把握好篇中的過(guò)渡銜接句式以及結(jié)尾的總結(jié)句式即可。以圖表類(lèi)寫(xiě)作體裁為例,常用到的句式包括:
篇首:(引出圖表數(shù)據(jù))1.The table / chart/ graph shows that …;2. According to the survey /table / chart …;3.As is shown in the table / chart / graph..;4. It is clear / apparent? from? the? table / chart/ graph..;5. The? table shows? the? changes? in? the? number? of...over? the? periodfrom.to.
篇中:(過(guò)渡句式):1.It turns out that students…;2.However,? from? my? point? of? view..;3.As? we? can? see in the chart …;
結(jié)尾:So here come my proposals.
四、范文例析
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
There are many things we can do to learn Eng- lish well. A recent? survey? suggests that the majority? of students? being? interviewed,? about 65%,? tend? to? learn? English by listening to English songs.50% of them choo-se to watch English movies? as? a way? of learning.Read- ing? English? books? and? visiting? English? learning? sites prove? to? be? the? less? popular? ways,accounting? for 18% and 12% respectively.(根據(jù)圖表信息,描述已知的數(shù)據(jù)信息,引出圖表數(shù)據(jù))。
As we can see in the chart,(過(guò)渡句式,開(kāi)始分析) there? are? a wide range? of English? learning methods be- yond? the? classroom. The? majority? of? students? regard watching? English? movies? and? learning? to? English? songs as? their? top? priorities,? while? the? others,? actually? very? few? students,prefer? to? read? English? books? and? surf onthe English learning websites.
However,? personally? speaking,? watching? English? movies? and? listening? to? English? songs? are? more? like ways? of? entertainment. I'm? afraid? very? little? can? be? learnt? in? such? ways,? especially? when? the? plot? or? the? rhythm is fascinating.(總結(jié)這一調(diào)查所體現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象——以?shī)蕵?lè)方式比如看電影、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)居多,但這一方式學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容較少,局限性大,為后續(xù)的建議部分定下主題)。
So here come my proposals.(過(guò)渡句式,給出建議)After appreciating the plot, we should purposely learn? the? wonderful? dialogues? and? expressions? in? the English movies to enrich our language. And the? similar thing? can happen when we? listen to English? songs. Re- peating the lines in the exact way the singer does can be a good chance to better our English pronunciation. Only in these ways can English movies and? songs be helpful to our English learning.(從多角度出發(fā)指導(dǎo)同學(xué)們應(yīng)如何在電影、音樂(lè)這些大眾娛樂(lè)中學(xué)習(xí)到更多的英文知識(shí),提升自己的綜合素養(yǎng)。)
總之,根據(jù)高考英語(yǔ)作文評(píng)分細(xì)則的幾個(gè)檔次,同學(xué)們要想讓自己的英文寫(xiě)作獲得高分,那么寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容就要包含所有的要點(diǎn)。在格式、語(yǔ)法、詞匯、句式正確的前提條件下多使用較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯,并且恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^(guò)渡詞和銜接詞,保證語(yǔ)句的連貫性,上下文邏輯通順,行文流暢,能正確表述自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。另外,書(shū)寫(xiě)美觀也能給閱卷老師留下較好的印象,從而幫助自己的文章獲得高分。
(作者單位:福建省羅源第一中學(xué))