王小燕
結(jié)果狀語從句一般用于主句之后。常見的用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有 so/such...that...,so...as to...,enough...to 等。其中 so/such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句是高考英語試題考查的重點(diǎn)。
一、由so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
so...that...意為“如此……以致于……”,其中 so 是副詞,因此它后面可跟形容詞或者副詞,可構(gòu)成“so+形容詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu);可構(gòu)成“so+副詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu);可構(gòu)成“so+形容詞+(冠詞 a/an)+名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu),在此結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,其前面要加上相應(yīng)的 a/an,當(dāng)后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞時,其前面不加冠詞;可構(gòu)成“so + many/much/little/few +名詞+ that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例1:The disagreement was too sharp that neither he...(2022年全國甲卷)
解析:too 改為 so 。本句的主語是“The disagree? ment”,sharp是形容詞在句子中做表語,再根據(jù)句中的 that 和上下文意思,可想到“so+形容詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu),故把 too改為so。
例2:... was? raining 41________hard? that? we ...(2019年全國 III卷)
解析:so。根據(jù)上下文語境,再結(jié)合句子中的 rain? ing(動詞),hard(副詞)及“so+副詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題填so,構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)so...that...“如此……以致于……”。
例3:My elder sister is ________(so/too) friendly a girl that all her classmates like her.
解析:so 。本句的意思是“我姐姐待人友善,以致于她所有的同學(xué)都很喜歡她”,再聯(lián)想到“so+形容詞+(冠詞 a/an)+名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu),可知本題填 so。
例4:There are so many interesting books in the li ? brary________(that/which) I go to read every week.
解析:that 。本句的意思為“圖書館里有很多有趣的書,我每周都去看”,再聯(lián)想到“so+many/much/little/few+名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu),可知本題填 that。
二、由such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
such...that...意為“如此……以致于……”,其中such 是形容詞,因此它后面要跟名詞,可構(gòu)成“such +(冠詞 a/an)+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu);可構(gòu)成“such +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例5:This is ________(so/ such) an attractive novel that I cannot stop reading it.
解析:such 。so后可跟形容詞或副詞,such后可跟名詞,根據(jù)句子中的 an attractive novel 及“such +(冠詞 a/an)+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu),可知本題應(yīng)填 such。
例6:It is ________(so/ such) hot whether that we had better do some indoor exercise.
解析:such 。根據(jù)本題中的 hot(形容詞)+ whether? (不可數(shù)名詞)及“such +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that...”結(jié)構(gòu),可知本題填 such。
注意:當(dāng) so/such位于句首時,主句要倒裝。例如:
My elder sister got up so late that she missed the whole English class.
我的姐姐起得太晚,以致于錯過了整節(jié)英語課。
So late did my elder sister get up that she missed the whole English class.(主句倒裝)
She was so exhausted that she went to bed without a bath.
她太累了,以致于沒有洗澡就上床睡覺了。
So exhausted was she that she went to bed without a bath.(主句倒裝)
總之,本文通過典型例子講解了 so...that...與
such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句的用法。此是高頻考點(diǎn),學(xué)生應(yīng)多加練習(xí),以熟練掌握。
(作者單位:安徽省臨泉田家炳實驗中學(xué))