昆蟲末日

譙麗

Nowadays， a sharp reduction in insect populations around the world， a so?called “insect apocalypse” （昆蟲末日）， has caused a widespread concern. Recently， a study has found that insect numbers have decreased by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture. In this latest study， the researchers gathered data on the range and number of nearly 20，000 insect species， including bees， ants， butterflies， grasshoppers and dragonflies， at about 6，000 different locations. The study shows that in areas with high?intensity（高強(qiáng)度） agriculture and substantial（顯著的）warming， insect numbers have plunged by 49% and the number of different species has dropped by 27%， compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the most severe impacts of climate change.

According to researchers， the combined pressures of global heating and farming are driving a significant decline of insects across the globe. Losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment， but also to human health and food security， particularly with losses of pollinators （傳粉者）.

So it is high time that we should take action to prevent insects from decreasing. First of all， it may be helpful to carefully manage agricultural areas， such as preserving natural habitats near farmland and slowing the expansion of high?intensity agriculture， which may ensure that vital insects can still thrive. Whats more， it will be beneficial to cut our emission （排放） to weaken climate change. Last but not least， we need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole， and for human health and well?being， in order to address the threats that we pose to them before many species are lost forever.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ. Text?centered chunks

cause a widespread concern 引起廣泛的關(guān)注

due to由于

climate change 氣候變化

be harmful to 對(duì)……是有害的

prevent sb （from） doing sth 阻止某人做某事

preserve natural habitats 保護(hù)自然棲息地

cut emission 減少排放

pose a threat to 對(duì)……構(gòu)成威脅

Ⅱ. Text?centered sentences

1. It is high time that...表虛擬語氣

So it is high time that we should take action to prevent insects from decreasing. 因此是我們?cè)摬扇⌒袆?dòng)阻止昆蟲減少的時(shí)候了。

【點(diǎn)石成金】It is high time that...表示“是該做……的時(shí)候了”。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般過去式或“should+do”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。其中should不可省略，time前不加定冠詞the。

【運(yùn)用遷移】是我們?cè)摿⒖滩扇〈胧┍Ｗo(hù)地球不被污染的時(shí)候了。

2. “It be+形容詞+to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)中，it充當(dāng)形式主語

It will be beneficial to cut our emission to weaken climate change. 減少我們的排放來減緩氣候變化是有益的。

【點(diǎn)石成金】“It is+adj./n.+（for/of sb）+to do ”中的it 作形式主語，真正的主語是 to do 不定式，意為“做……對(duì)某人來說是……的”。

【運(yùn)用遷移】通過海洋探索來保護(hù)海洋資源對(duì)人類來說是很有必要的。

3. 定語從句

We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole， and for human health and well?being， in order to address the threats that we pose to them before many species are lost forever. 我們需要承認(rèn)昆蟲對(duì)整體環(huán)境以及對(duì)人類健康和幸福的重要性，以便在許多昆蟲物種永遠(yuǎn)消失之前，應(yīng)對(duì)我們給昆蟲造成的威脅。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，that 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞為threats， 在定語從句中充當(dāng)pose的賓語，that可以省略。

【運(yùn)用遷移】環(huán)境污染是我們?nèi)缃衩媾R的巨大挑戰(zhàn)之一。

Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，最近你校學(xué)生會(huì)將組織一次英語演講比賽，請(qǐng)你以“Global warming”為題寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 全球氣候變暖的現(xiàn)狀；

2. 氣候變暖的原因；

3. 你的建議。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用一個(gè)本文中解析過的句式；

4. 注意段落內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系。

Global warming

My fellow students，

Lets take action now！ Thank you！

寫作導(dǎo)引

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇演講稿，要求學(xué)生介紹全球氣候變暖的現(xiàn)狀、原因以及措施建議，并且至少需要使用虛擬語氣句式、形式主語或定語從句中的一個(gè)。這些寫作要求和所給語篇的主題語境是緊密相關(guān)的。我們可以通過整合同主題閱讀材料的內(nèi)容和語言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

一、語篇解碼

（一）主題歸納

What is the text mainly about？

（二）結(jié)構(gòu)梳理與內(nèi)容分析

Fill in the blanks with only one word according to the text.

二、素材積累

本文是基于“昆蟲數(shù)量驟減”主題的閱讀和寫作，我們可以通過模仿、學(xué)習(xí)并運(yùn)用閱讀中的語言表達(dá)，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語言素材。

（一）介紹現(xiàn)象類的核心表達(dá)

1. with the development of economy 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展

2. ...has/have caused a widespread concern ……已經(jīng)引起了廣泛的關(guān)注

3. No one， regardless of race， religion or nationality， can deny that... 無論是什么種族、宗教和國籍，沒有人能夠否認(rèn)……

4. Recently， ...has/have become a hot topic among people. 最近，……已經(jīng)成為人們的熱門話題。

5. It is evident that... 很明顯的是……

（二）分析原因類的核心表達(dá)

1. A number of factors might contribute to the phenomenon. 很多因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象。

2. One of the most common causes is that... 最普遍的原因之一是……

3. Part of the explanation for it is that... 造成它的一部分原因是……

4. One of the factors accounting for this situation is that... 導(dǎo)致這種情形的原因之一是……

5. The combined pressures of... and... are driving... ……和……的共同壓力正驅(qū)使……

（三）列舉措施類的核心表達(dá)

1. It is high time that we should take action to... 是我們?cè)摬扇⌒袆?dòng)做……的時(shí)候了。

2. We have to take effective measures to solve this problem. 我們必須采取有效的措施解決這個(gè)問題。

3. had better do sth 最好做某事

4. It is better for sb to do sth. 某人最好做某事。

5. Doing sth is strongly recommended. 強(qiáng)烈建議做某事。

6. It is highly recommended that sb should do sth. 強(qiáng)烈建議某人做某事。

7. ...， which is beneficial/helpful. ……是有好處/有幫助的。

三、寫作支架

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇演講稿，根據(jù)任務(wù)的要求，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)可定位為“現(xiàn)狀+原因+措施建議”。文章的框架如下：

It is a great honor to have the chance to share my view on... Recently， ...（現(xiàn)狀分析）

The major reasons are...（原因）

So it is high time that we should take effective measures to... First， ... In addition， ...（措施建議）

四、語篇過手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達(dá)和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，寫出一篇演講稿。第一段描述全球氣候變暖的現(xiàn)象，第二段分析原因，第三段給出措施建議?？傇~數(shù)控制在80左右。

同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用前文閱讀中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣句式、形式主語或定語從句。尤其要注意表達(dá)的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，需要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。