外灘輪船招商總局大樓修復(fù)工程設(shè)計(jì)，上海

設(shè)計(jì)主持：常青，華耘

設(shè)計(jì)顧問：羅小未

方案設(shè)計(jì)：常青，華耘，王紅軍，王方

合作設(shè)計(jì)：張鵬，王云峰，豐雷

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：熊本松

設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)：杜文華，蔡龍俊，肖輝，

王銘

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：許乙泓，左琰，鄭鳴，

蒲儀軍

結(jié)構(gòu)形式：磚木結(jié)構(gòu)

建筑面積：1460m2

建筑高度：17.86m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2001

竣工時(shí)間：2004

攝影：湯眾，張鵬，項(xiàng)目工作組

Principal Architects: CHANG Qing,HUA Yun

Consultant: LUO Xiaowei

Schematic Design: CHANG Qing,

HUA Yun, WANG Hongjun, WANG Fang

Cooperative Architects: ZHANG Peng,

WANG Yunfeng, FENG Lei

Structural Engineer: XIONG Bensong

Mechanical Engineers: DU Wenhua,

CAI Longjun, XIAO Hui, WANG Ming

Interior Design: XU Yihong, ZUO Yan,

ZHENG Ming, PU Yijun

Structure: Brick and timber structure

Floor Area: 1460 m2

Building Height: 17.86 m

Design Time: 2001

Completion Time: 2004

Photos: TANG Zhong, ZHANG Peng,

Project team

外灘九號“輪船招商總局大樓”建于1901 年，是在原旗昌洋行臨江花園的基址上建造的，是外灘建筑群中唯一一座新古典風(fēng)格的外廊式建筑。原建筑由英國瑪禮遜洋行設(shè)計(jì)。建筑主體為3 層磚、石、木、鋼4 種材料混用的結(jié)構(gòu)。百年滄桑，物是形非，包括南北兩翼山花的整個(gè)坡頂屋面被拆除，新古典柱式構(gòu)成的敞廊被簡陋廠房般的玻璃面鋼窗封死，紅磚墻被水泥砂漿抹平。在建成100 年后，2001 年常青教授在主持“外灘源”立項(xiàng)規(guī)劃和概念設(shè)計(jì)的同時(shí)，領(lǐng)銜對這一外灘建筑做了保護(hù)再生設(shè)計(jì)。

（1）外觀復(fù)原設(shè)計(jì)

去除外立面柱間的后加鋼框玻璃窗，拆除柱廊間后加的隔墻，完全恢復(fù)歷史上敞開的柱廊。以分塊切割、剔除的方法去掉外墻表面的水泥砂漿，使原紅色清水磚墻重新裸露出來，再以引進(jìn)德國修復(fù)磚墻的雷瑪仕技術(shù)進(jìn)行修復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)，再現(xiàn)東立面豎三段構(gòu)圖，復(fù)原其南北兩端的山花屋面。

（2）屋頂山花復(fù)原

對建筑坡屋頂和山花外輪廓進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格復(fù)原，使坡度、質(zhì)地和色澤，以及山花圖案的式樣、疏密、深淺等布局及材質(zhì)關(guān)系上盡量與歷史圖像完全一致 （偏綠的青石）。山花下的石雕檐額也按原樣予以恢復(fù)。

（3）內(nèi)部整飭設(shè)計(jì)

其一為結(jié)構(gòu)加固，按原柱網(wǎng)位置重做樁基礎(chǔ)和梁柱，增加100 根固體樁基。附體結(jié)構(gòu)狀況尚好，故將原木梁密肋結(jié)構(gòu)樓層予以保留和加固處理；其二為空間再生，入口后加的簡陋狹長走廊改為外方內(nèi)圓的門廳；利用外部邊角空間設(shè)計(jì)了側(cè)向小門廳；在樓梯井頂部增加采光玻璃天棚。利用恢復(fù)的山花和坡屋頂內(nèi)部增加一層會(huì)議使用空間，并與東側(cè)眺望露臺相貫通，構(gòu)成外灘最佳的觀景點(diǎn)之一?！?/p>

The China Merchants Steam Navigation Company Building at No.9 on the Bund,completed in 1901 on the site of the bankrupt American Russell & Company's riverfront garden, is the only veranda-style neo-classical building amongst the Bund's historic buildings.Originally designed by the British architectural design firm G. J. Morrison and F. M. Gratton,it is a three-storey structure made of brick,stone, wood and steel. After a century of trials and tribulations, the building had become a mere shadow of its former shape. The whole sloping roof and gables on both the southern and northern wings were dismantled, the front verandas with neo-classical columns were enclosed with simple metal-framed windows,and the red brick walls were coated with cement mortar. In 2001, 100 years after its construction,Professor CHANG Qing from Tongji University spearheaded the conservation and regeneration of this building, while overseeing the plan and design of the Bund Origin Project (waitanyuan).The key design concepts can be summarised in three aspects.

(1) Restoring the appearance

The design removes the metal-framed windows between the exterior columns, eliminates the partition walls from the verandas, and fully restores the original open columned verandas. It also strips the cement mortar on the surface of the exterior walls through the sectional cutting and scraping methods, so that the originally exposed red brick walls may be visible again. Furthermore, the design incorporates the innovative brick restoration techniques from the German company Remmers,rehabilitating the vertical three-section composition on the east fa?ade and restoring the gables on the southern and northern exposures on the rooftop.

1 復(fù)原后的招商局大樓夜景Night view of China Merchants Building after restoration

2 修復(fù)前首層平面Ground floor plan before restoration

5 復(fù)原前的招商局大樓China Merchants Building before restoration

6 歷史上的招商局大樓China Merchants Building in history

3 修復(fù)后首層平面Ground floor plan after restoration

(2) Reconstructing the roof and gables

The design rigorously rebuilds the building's sloping roof and triangle gable walls to ensure that the pitch, texture and colour, as well as the form, density and depth of the gable's cartouche pattern, match exactly with the historical photos.The carved stone eaves beneath the gables were also restored to their original form using the exact same greenish slates as the originals.

(3) Upgrading the interior space

The design reinforces the structure of the building by replacing the pile foundations,columns and beams in their original positionsand by adding 100 solid pile foundations. The timber beams of the side buildings were kept and reinforced due to the reasonably sound construction. Meanwhile, it creates an outwardly square and internally round foyer out of the plain and narrow corridor, opens a small sideways vestibule by utilising the external corners, and adds a glass skylight on the top of the stairs.The design further adds a level of meeting space within the reconstructed gables and sloping roof,connecting it to the east-facing balcony to create one of the best sightseeing spots on the Bund. □(Translated by ZHU Yayun)

4 修復(fù)后剖面Section after restoration

7 修復(fù)前南立面轉(zhuǎn)角Corner of the south fa?ade before restoration

8 修復(fù)后南立面轉(zhuǎn)角Corner of the south fa?ade after restoration

9 復(fù)原前俯視Top view before restoration

10 復(fù)原后俯視Top view after restoration

項(xiàng)目評論

時(shí)間在建筑上留下的歲月痕跡，不但有歷史積淀，還會(huì)有我們不愿見到的人非物亦非的遺憾。外灘九號“輪船招商總局大樓”就經(jīng)歷了從“白天鵝”墜落成“丑小鴨”令人扼腕的歷史過程。這對其保護(hù)修繕為主要內(nèi)容的整飭設(shè)計(jì)無疑會(huì)帶來很大的挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在原始設(shè)計(jì)圖紙資料缺失的條件下。然而，當(dāng)我學(xué)習(xí)、翻閱了該建筑的修繕資料后，對這樣的難度又有了新的認(rèn)識。

開展于21 世紀(jì)初的外灘九號“輪船招商總局大樓”保護(hù)修繕工程，是一項(xiàng)具有典型意義的歷史建筑保護(hù)修繕工作，本著對歷史負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，該工程在建筑層面開展的修復(fù)、整飭設(shè)計(jì)，不是簡單的對建筑本體的還原，即所謂的修舊如舊，而是站在科學(xué)立場上，以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)態(tài)度，對建筑演變的過程、對建筑設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格的溯源與分析。在充分發(fā)掘建筑的歷史價(jià)值和文化考證的基礎(chǔ)上，正確地把握好修復(fù)整飭設(shè)計(jì)的工作原則與方向。從而采取恰當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)路線和設(shè)計(jì)策略，保證該建筑的修復(fù)整飭取得很好的效果。

這些研究與考證方法也成為今天上海歷史建筑與風(fēng)貌保護(hù)工作的一項(xiàng)基本程序和建筑評估的手段。正是這些文化軟價(jià)值的發(fā)掘才使得歷史建筑重新鮮活了起來，賦予了建筑更強(qiáng)的吸引力，更能彰顯出其自身的社會(huì)和歷史的價(jià)值。最終，使這一學(xué)術(shù)研究型的歷史建筑保護(hù)修繕工程成為當(dāng)時(shí)外灘優(yōu)秀歷史建筑保護(hù)修繕的成功范例。

沈迪

全國工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)大師

上海華東建筑集團(tuán)股份有限公司資深總建筑師

11 原入口門廳Entrance foyer before restoration

12 改造后門廳Entrance foyer after restoration

13 坡頂山花內(nèi)的酒吧The bar within the sloping roof and gables

14 墻面打磨Wall polishing

15 清除水泥砂漿層后的外廊墻面Verandas wall after removal of cement mortar layer

16 修復(fù)后的外廊Verandas after restoration

17 樓梯整飭前Staircase before renovation

18 樓梯整飭后Staircase after renovation

19 利用修復(fù)后的屋頂空間建小會(huì)所Meeting space within the reconstructed sloping roof

Comments

The effect of time on architecture not only leaves visible historical traces, but also evokes nostalgia for a bygone era. The China Merchants Steam Navigation Company Building, located at No. 9 on the Bund, has experienced such a tragic historical decline. The absence of the original design drawings and archives had undoubtedly presented a formidable obstacle to the preservation and rehabilitation design. However,when I perused and reviewed the building's conservation documents, I gained a new insight into the difficulties faced by the architects.

The preservation and restoration of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company Building at the very turn of this century was a classic example of the conservation design of historic buildings. Instead of conducting merely building repairs, commonly known as "restoring the old as it previously appeared" (xiujiu rujiu), this design investigated the course of architectural evolution and traced the origin of the design style based on the scientific standpoint and the rigorous academic criteria, with a historically responsible attitude. Through a thorough exploration of the building's historical value and cultural evidence,the team accurately grasped the principles and directions of the restoration design so as to implement the most appropriate technical and design strategies and secure a better outcome for this project.

These research and investigation methods have become a fundamental component of the design procedures and architectural evaluations in the conservation of historic buildings and urban landscapes in present-day Shanghai. The discovery of these soft cultural values has enlivened the historic buildings, increased their aesthetic appeal and bringing forth their social and historical significance. As a result, this research-based project became an example of the preservation and restoration of the outstanding historic buildings on the Bund at that time. (Translated by ZHU Yayun)