摘 要:一般過去時(shí)是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要內(nèi)容,但因?yàn)闈h語中沒有相對(duì)應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致學(xué)生時(shí)常感到困惑并屢屢犯錯(cuò)。本教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)以大單元整體教學(xué)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),融合串連一系列相關(guān)情景的“大任務(wù)”,從學(xué)生的角度開展“教-學(xué)-評(píng)”一體化的學(xué)習(xí),有效幫助學(xué)生自主發(fā)掘語言規(guī)律與特點(diǎn),在真實(shí)的情境中運(yùn)用與掌握語言,內(nèi)化知識(shí),從而減少學(xué)習(xí)障礙,增強(qiáng)自信心。
關(guān)鍵詞:大單元;學(xué)歷案;一般過去時(shí)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:陳茗琪(1984.07-),女,廣東廣州人,清華附中灣區(qū)學(xué)校,中小學(xué)一級(jí)教師,碩士研究生,研究方向:小學(xué)英語教學(xué)。
小學(xué)英語教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)注重對(duì)學(xué)生英語能力和學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng),使學(xué)生能在具體語境中理解、運(yùn)用一般過去時(shí),能在小組活動(dòng)中積極配合與合作,具備復(fù)習(xí)與歸納、聯(lián)想與觀察等綜合能力。本文以教科版小學(xué)英語六年級(jí)上冊(cè)Module4 “Past Experiences”一般過去時(shí)模塊復(fù)習(xí)大單元為例,設(shè)計(jì)“參與志愿者活動(dòng)”的系列情景,幫助學(xué)生自主內(nèi)化一般過去時(shí)的用法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了以下目標(biāo):學(xué)生成為課堂的主角與中心,主動(dòng)觀察與猜測(cè)語料,領(lǐng)悟吸收知識(shí);學(xué)生通過同桌操練、小組內(nèi)采訪與分享匯報(bào),真正實(shí)現(xiàn)語言輸入與輸出的有效執(zhí)行;學(xué)生通過閱讀與思辨,以讀促寫,讀寫交融,結(jié)合滲透志愿者申請(qǐng)信的文體寫作特征,提升綜合能力;通過現(xiàn)代社交媒體的運(yùn)用,拓寬學(xué)生的視野,陶冶學(xué)生的美德,增強(qiáng)其自我效能感。
一、學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)
1.完成Get ready,寫出常用動(dòng)詞的過去式。
2.完成Task 1——Let's compare the changes brought by 'Double Reduction Policy', by observing and guessing, and talk with partners.
3.完成Task 2——Let's interview what your group mates did and report.
4.完成Task 3——Let's read Li Hua's diary of a voluntary work and think critically.
5.完成Task 4——Let's write an application for the voluntary work in the GZ library, involving your past experiences.After that, evaluate within classmates.
6.完成檢測(cè)與練習(xí)1,在朋友圈用英語發(fā)表一篇美文,描述在廣州圖書館當(dāng)志愿者時(shí)發(fā)生的具體故事。
7.完成檢測(cè)與練習(xí)2,搜索有關(guān)志愿者服務(wù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源,在英語課堂上分享。
二、學(xué)習(xí)過程
Get ready:write down the verbs in the past tense. (檢測(cè)目標(biāo)1)
Review : Let's chant. (課本第42頁Rhyme time的小詩)
We helped out
I walked to school with Shirley.
We got there very early.
She said, “Let's clean the classroom.”
So I got out a big broom.
Shirley tidied all the chairs.
I put the desks in pairs.
When the teacher came inside,
She couldn't believe her eyes.
Thumb up for yourself: I know the past-tense verbs.
Task 1:Let's compare.
活動(dòng)1:Observe and guess: what is changed for the boy? Why? What happened before and what happen now?
活動(dòng)2:Talk with your partners. (與同桌操練)
A: How_______ the boy now? What about before? B: He?_______ ?tall and strong now. But he_______ short and thin before.
A: He often? ?_______sports now, hasn't he? What about before? B:?_______ , he_______. But before he seldom_______sports .
A: What? ?_______?he do on weekends now? What about before? B: He?_______some reading and_______?to the park now.? But now he_______?maths lessons before
Thumb up for yourself: Our life changed and became more meaningful.
Task 2: Let's interview.
活動(dòng)1:Take turns to interview your group mates. (小組內(nèi)相互采訪)
Interview form: what did you do on?_______ ? (use complete sentences to ask and answer)
活動(dòng)2:Report your results. (individual presentations)
Suggested version: This is my group mate,? _______(Li Hui). He? ?_______?(went swimming) last Monday afternoon after school. He_______? (read a book) last weekend in the morning, and?_______(played basketball) in the afternoon. He? ?_______ (enjoyed a show) last weekend evening.
Thumb up for yourself: You know your group mates better and know their meaningful activities.
Task 3: Let's read.
活動(dòng)1:Li Hua kept a diary. He talked about the meaningful jobs he did. Read it and think.
June 13th, sunny
Last Sunday, I didn't need to do much homework. I did a great job. It was fun and meaningful.
I went to the museum as a volunteer (志愿者). I helped the visitors. I showed them the way. I even talked with the foreigners in English. I told them the interesting stories in our city.
I really enjoyed the jobs in the museum. I did a great job! It was so meaningful!
活動(dòng)2:Answer the questions in complete sentences according to Li Hua's diary.
What did Li Hua do last Sunday? (at least 3 points)
_________________________________________________________________
Suggested answer: He went to the museum as a volunteer. He helped the visitors. He showed them the way.
Was Li Hua happy? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
Suggested answer: Yes, he was happy. Because he did a great job and he thought it was meaningful.
What do you learn from Li Hua?
_________________________________________________________________
Suggested answer: We learn to help others like Li Hua. / Be a volunteer to help others.
Thumb up for yourself: You want to learn from Li Hua to be a volunteer.
Task 4: Let's write.
活動(dòng)1:廣州圖書館正在招募“小小志愿者”,你很想?yún)⒓樱?qǐng)寫一封申請(qǐng)信。在信里,講講你以前類似的經(jīng)歷、做過的事情,說明你能勝任這份工作。(開頭結(jié)尾已給出,自己再補(bǔ)充至少五個(gè)句子。)
Dear sir/madam,
I want to apply for (申請(qǐng)) the volunteer job in the Guangzhou library.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your time. I hope I can get the job.
Yours
________
活動(dòng)2:Let's evaluate.(個(gè)人展示并全班互評(píng))
Thumb up for yourself: You can be a volunteer and help more people.
三、檢測(cè)與練習(xí)
假如你成功應(yīng)聘廣州圖書館的“小小志愿者”,并且已經(jīng)完成了任務(wù),準(zhǔn)備用英語發(fā)一篇朋友圈文章跟大家分享你當(dāng)志愿者時(shí)體會(huì)最深的一個(gè)小故事。請(qǐng)盡可能使用充足的動(dòng)詞來詳細(xì)描述該故事。
請(qǐng)暢游有意義的相關(guān)網(wǎng)站,搜索更多的樂于助人、回饋社會(huì)的故事,認(rèn)識(shí)更多志同道合的志愿者朋友吧,并在英語課上用英語與同學(xué)們分享你的收獲。
四、學(xué)后反思
1.學(xué)習(xí)本課后,我能準(zhǔn)確地使用一般過去時(shí)來描述發(fā)生過的故事嗎?
_______________________________________________________
2.學(xué)習(xí)本課后,我能發(fā)現(xiàn)英語中動(dòng)詞過去式有哪些使用規(guī)律?
_______________________________________________________
3.學(xué)習(xí)本課后,我掌握了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的哪些區(qū)別?
_______________________________________________________
4.學(xué)習(xí)本課后,我將如何規(guī)劃日后的課外生活并在英語學(xué)習(xí)中尋找樂趣?
_______________________________________________________
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]崔允漷.如何開展指向?qū)W科核心素養(yǎng)的大單元設(shè)計(jì)[J].北京教育(普教版),2019(2):11-15.
[2]溫雪,崔允漷.基于學(xué)歷案的課堂互動(dòng)研究[J],教育發(fā)展研究,2016(15):62-68.