劉芷昕
在初中英語(yǔ)中,同學(xué)們常常會(huì)碰到一些這樣的名詞,它們既可以作可數(shù)名詞,又可以作不可數(shù)名詞,但其含義則有所不同,同學(xué)們要注意區(qū)分。
一、fish
fish,用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“魚”,有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它為集合名詞,表示魚的條數(shù)時(shí),則單復(fù)數(shù)同形;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是魚的不同種類時(shí),通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式fishes。fish用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),無復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“魚肉”。例如:
He caught two fish yesterday.
他昨天抓到了兩條魚。
I’d like some fish and beef for dinner.
晚餐我想要吃一些魚肉和牛肉。
There are so many different kinds of fishes in the river that I couldn’t believe my eyes.
這條河里有這么多不同種類的魚,我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信自己的眼睛。
類似的食物名詞還有chicken,用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“雞,小雞”,用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“雞肉”。例如
Thereisverylittlefeedleftforthechickens.
雞飼料沒剩多少了。
It tastes like chicken, only stronger.
這東西嘗起來像雞肉,只是味道更濃一點(diǎn)。
二、time
time,意為“次、回、倍”或“時(shí)期、時(shí)代、時(shí)機(jī)”時(shí),常用作可數(shù)名詞;表示“時(shí)間”這一抽象的概念時(shí),則為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
She exercises four times a week.
她每周鍛煉四次。
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。
Now is a good time to buy a house.
現(xiàn)在買房子正是時(shí)候。
Times have changed and so have I.
時(shí)代變了,我也變了。
Do it yourself. I don’t have too much time.
你自己做吧,我沒太多時(shí)間。
三、room
room,表示“房間、屋子”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞;表示“空間、位置、余地”時(shí),則為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
All rooms have hot and cold water.
所有的房間都有冷、熱水。
She has a room to herself.
她單獨(dú)住一間房。
The big bed takes up too much room.
那張大床占用了太多空間。
Move down inside, please! Make room for others.
請(qǐng)往里走,給其他的人讓點(diǎn)地方!
四、glass
glass,表示“玻璃杯,玻璃杯的量”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞;當(dāng)表示“玻璃”時(shí),則為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Be careful with the glasses!
小心這些玻璃杯!
Drinking one or two glasses of milk a day is good for your health.
每天喝一兩杯牛奶對(duì)你的健康有好處。
Alot of things are made of glass.
許多東西是由玻璃制成的。
He cut himself by a piece of broken glass.
他被一塊碎玻璃劃傷了。
需要注意的是,glass的復(fù)數(shù)形式glasses,還含有“眼鏡”之意。例如:
Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
戴了一副新眼鏡,她看書容易多了。
五、paper
paper,作“報(bào)紙,試卷、文件”解釋時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞;而當(dāng)作“紙,紙張”解釋時(shí),則為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
I’ll take these papers home and read them.
我會(huì)把這些報(bào)紙帶回家看。
There were papers lying around the floor.
地板上到處都是文件。
The teacher gave out the exam papers.
老師分發(fā)了考試試卷。
Can I have some paper?
我可以拿些紙嗎?
【練一練】
①我一年旅行三次,我并不覺得我這是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
I travel threea yea. I don’t think I’m wasting.
②她家只有兩間房,沒有地方給我們住。
There are only twoin her house, and there is nofor us to live in.
③桌子上有兩張?jiān)嚲?,一支筆和一個(gè)文具盒。
There are two, a pen and a pencilbox on the desk.
④你喜歡吃魚嗎?這條湖里許多種魚。
Would you like some? There are manyin this lake.
⑤請(qǐng)遞給我一杯水,好嗎?
Could you give me, please?
【參考答案】
①times;time
②rooms;room
③papers
④fish;fishes
⑤a glass of water