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      好大的靴子!

      2021-11-30 05:41:30王逢鑫
      英語(yǔ)世界 2021年11期
      關(guān)鍵詞:美式英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)字面

      王逢鑫

      多年前,一名學(xué)生遇到這樣一個(gè)句子:“He put his suitcase in the boot.”,百思不得其解,前來(lái)問(wèn)我:“他怎么會(huì)將一個(gè)手提箱放進(jìn)靴子里?好大的靴子!”

      我告訴他,這是“只知其一,不知其二”。

      boot作為名詞的第一個(gè)意思是“靴子”,例如:leather boot(皮靴)、high boot(高筒靴)、ankle boot(短筒靴)、high-heeled boot(高跟靴)、rain boot(雨靴)、riding boot(馬靴)、walking boot(便靴)、hiking boot(登山靴)、snow boot(雪地靴)、a pair of boots(一雙靴子)等。特別注意,英式英語(yǔ)的 Wellington boot、Wellington或Wellie boot,指“防水長(zhǎng)筒靴”。美式英語(yǔ)稱之為rubber boot。例如:

      1. The “Wellie” boot was created in 1817 when the Duke of Wellington asked his shoemaker to create a boot that he could wear in battle and with evening clothes. It is one of a pair of long rubber boots, usually reaching almost up to the knees, that you wear to stop your feet getting wet. 1817年,惠靈頓公爵要求他的鞋匠制作一種他在作戰(zhàn)或穿夜禮服時(shí)能穿的靴子,于是“防水長(zhǎng)筒靴”就創(chuàng)造出來(lái)。那是一種橡膠高筒靴,通常幾乎高到膝部,穿上防止把腳弄濕。

      靴子和鞋都有左右之分。如果左腳穿右靴或右鞋,或右腳穿左靴或左鞋,皆不合適。英式英語(yǔ)“The boot is on the other foot.”,意思是“腳穿錯(cuò)了靴子”。到了美式英語(yǔ),這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)變成了“The shoe is on the other foot.”,字面意思是“腳穿錯(cuò)了鞋”。由于靴子護(hù)腿,這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)也可以說(shuō)成“The boot is on the other leg.”。不論怎樣說(shuō),這三個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)的比喻意義都是“As the situation has changed, the roles of two or more people have been reversed”, 即“隨著情況變化,角色逆轉(zhuǎn)”。例如:

      2. I can see that you dont like being told what to do, but now the boot is on the other foot! 我能看出你不喜歡讓別人指使你做什么,但是現(xiàn)在隨著情況變化,角色逆轉(zhuǎn)了。

      英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)“to be too big for ones boots”的字面意思是“個(gè)兒太大,連自己的靴子都穿不上”,比喻意義是to be conceited、self-important、arrogant或overweening,即“自負(fù)”“自高自大”“傲慢”或“過(guò)于自信”。漢語(yǔ)有“太自我膨脹”的類似說(shuō)法。例如:

      3. Ever since he won that tournament, hes been often accused of being too big for his boots. 自從他在錦標(biāo)賽獲勝以來(lái),就常常被人指責(zé)太自我膨脹了。

      英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)“to lick sbs boots”,字面意思是“舔靴子”。顯然,這是個(gè)卑躬屈膝、毫無(wú)尊嚴(yán)的動(dòng)作。其比喻意義是“to flatter sb, especially a person of higher authority as a means of winning favour”,即“諂媚”“巴結(jié)”或“拍馬屁”。例如:

      4. His colleagues all dislike him because he often licks his bosss boots. 他的同事們都不喜歡他,因?yàn)樗3E睦习宓鸟R屁。

      bootlicker的意思是servile flatterer,即“奴相十足的馬屁精”。例如:

      5. As a bootlicker, the white supremacist politician flattered and supported Trump.這個(gè)白人至上主義政客吹捧并支持特朗普,是個(gè)馬屁精。

      to wipe ones boots on sth 的字面意思是“在……上蹭靴子”。例如:

      6. Every guest must wipe his dirty boots on the mat before entering the theatre. 每位來(lái)賓在進(jìn)入劇院前,必須在墊子上蹭自己的臟靴子。

      英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)to wipe ones boots on sb的字面意思是“在人身上蹭靴子”。其比喻意義是to insult、to offer an insult to sb,即“侮辱某人”。例如:

      7. When he said “You look like a before picture” to the man, he was actually wiping his boots on the man. 當(dāng)他對(duì)這個(gè)人說(shuō)“你看上去像處理前的照片”的時(shí)候,他實(shí)際上是在侮辱這個(gè)人。

      英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)“someones heart is in their boots, to have ones heart in ones boots”或“with ones heart in ones boots”的字面意思是“心在靴子里”。其比喻意義是“to feel very sad, disappointed, worried or depressed”,即“感到悲傷、失望、憂慮或抑郁”。例如:

      8. He had his heart in his boots after he was diagnosed with cancer.在被診斷患癌癥后,他極度抑郁。

      英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ) to die in ones boots 或to die with ones boots on的字面意思是“穿著靴子死去”。其比喻意義是to die while working或to keep working to the end,即“死于工作時(shí)”或“堅(jiān)持工作到死”,有點(diǎn)“鞠躬盡瘁,死而后已”的意味。例如:

      9. Hell never retire, because he has made up his mind to die with his boots on. 他將永遠(yuǎn)不退休,因?yàn)樗严聸Q心堅(jiān)持工作到死。

      “Ill eat my boots if ...”,是英語(yǔ)常用來(lái)發(fā)誓的話語(yǔ)。例如:

      10. The student said, “Ill eat my boots if I dont succeed in the examination.” 這個(gè)學(xué)生說(shuō):“如果我在考試中不能成功,我就誓不為人?!?/p>

      英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ) to give sb the boot的意思是to tell sb to leave,即“讓……走人”“解雇”。to get the boot或to be given the boot的意思是to be told to leave,即“被開(kāi)除”“被解雇”。例如:

      11. The boss said to the worker, “If you are late again, youll get the boot.”老板對(duì)這個(gè)工人說(shuō):“如果再遲到,你就走人吧?!?/p>

      boot作為名詞的另一個(gè)意思是“the enclosed space of at the back of your car in which you put tools, bags, cases, etc.”,即“(汽車)后備箱”。boot是英式英語(yǔ),trunk是美式英語(yǔ)。試比較:

      12. 1) Let me put your luggage in the boot. (英式英語(yǔ))

      2) Let me put your baggage in the trunk. (美式英語(yǔ))

      讓我把你的行李放進(jìn)后備箱里。

      boot 作為名詞的第三個(gè)意思是 a quick hard kick,即“猛踢一腳”。例如:

      13. The footballer gave the ball a tremendous boot. 這個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員猛踢了一腳球。

      與此相關(guān),boot作為動(dòng)詞的意思是to kick sb or sth hard with your foot,即“猛踢”。例如:

      14. The goalkeeper booted the ball clear of the goal.守門員猛踢一腳球,使其遠(yuǎn)離球門。

      帶介詞的短語(yǔ)to boot的意思是in addition,即“此外”“而且”。例如:

      15. He is a vegetarian, and a particularly fussy one to boot. 他是素食主義者,而且是一個(gè)特別挑剔的素食主義者。

      16. I paid him what he asked, and five dollars to boot. 我把他索要的錢付給他,還另給了他五美元。

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