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      “三牛精神”如何譯

      2021-09-14 13:09:59陸建非
      英語世界 2021年8期
      關鍵詞:茶話會孺子牛老黃牛

      陸建非

      在全國政協(xié)2020年12月31日舉行的新年茶話會上,習近平總書記強調要發(fā)揚為民服務孺子牛、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展拓荒牛、艱苦奮斗老黃牛的精神,在全面建設社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程上奮勇前進?!叭>瘛钡恼f法既應時應景,又形象生動,頓時在海內外媒體走紅,為人們津津樂道。

      《新華每日電訊》(Xinhua Everyday Telegraph)2021年1月4日發(fā)表“The Spirit of the Ox”(牛的精神)一文,其中引用了習近平總書記首次提出的“三牛精神”:

      We must promote the spirit of the ox in serving the people,driving innovative development and working tirelessly.(我們必須發(fā)揚為民服務孺子牛、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展拓荒牛、艱苦奮斗老黃牛的精神。)

      《中國日報》(China Daily)2021年2月11日推出題為“‘Three cattle spiritsteers China to bullish Year of the Ox”(“三牛精神”引領中國進入牛年)的文章,其中提到“三牛精神”時用的是cattle這一集合名詞,避免了復數(shù)表達的難處:

      China is ringing in the Year of the Ox, a new beginning of great significance for both the Chinese people and the Communist Party of China (CPC)that has led the whole nation to overcome many challenges. The new year will also be defined by the “three cattle spirit.”(中國即將迎來牛年,對中國人民和帶領整個國家戰(zhàn)勝各種挑戰(zhàn)的中國共產黨而言,這是一個意義非凡的新開端。新的一年也被賦予了“三牛精神”。)

      The term first appeared in Chinese President Xi Jinpings speech at a New Years gathering late last December held in Beijing by the National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. It was later repeated in his Spring Festival greetings to all Chinese on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Wednesday.(這個詞語首次出現(xiàn)是在去年12月底國家主席習近平在全國政協(xié)新年茶話會上的講話中。這一說法后來又出現(xiàn)在周三習近平以中共中央、國務院的名義向全國人民祝福新春的賀詞中。)

      As the second sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle of a rotating cast of 12 symbolic animals, the ox, known for its stamina and strength, usually signifies steadfastness, tenacity and dependability in traditional Chinese culture.(中國的十二生肖循環(huán)由12 個有象征意義的動物按序輪換,牛位列第二,以耐力和力量著稱,在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中,它通常象征著堅定、堅韌和可靠。)

      再看境外媒體的相關報道,同樣充滿正能量。

      《紐約時報》(The New York Times)2021年2月4日刊出一文,題為“Pursuing the Spirit of Niu”(追求牛的精神),記者直接用漢語拼音表示牛,重點詮釋了牛的形象和精神:

      Niu has been an important force on Chinese farms for thousands of years. Therefore, in Chinese culture, Niu is often used to symbolize a hardworking and trustworthy spirit. There is a famous saying in Chinese-“Although Niu only eats grass, it produces milk”—whichpraises Nius willingness to contribute. In addition, a poem by the 20thcenturyChinese writer Lu Xun brings home Nius attitude of servingwithout complaining: “To a thousand pointing fingers I defy with fiercebrows, and to younglings Id be fain to bow and serve as a Niu.” Niusqualities-no-complaints, trustworthiness, unselfishness, and willingnessto give and serve the people-are exactly the spirit that we should pursuein a time of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear amid the crisis.(幾千年來,牛一直是中國農業(yè)的重要力量,因此,在中國文化中,牛常被用來表征勤勞守信的精神。中國有一句名言,牛吃的是草,產出的是奶,贊美牛的奉獻精神。此外,20世紀中國作家魯迅的一首詩揭示了牛無怨服務的態(tài)度,“橫眉冷對千夫指,俯首甘為孺子?!?。牛的品格——無怨、可靠、無私,甘愿奉獻和為民服務——這些正是我們在充滿不確定、焦慮和恐懼的危機時期所應追求的精神。)

      土耳其阿納多盧通訊社(Anadolu Agency)于2021年2月14日刊載了一篇文章,其中也談到了牛的特性和精神,并指出這些特性和精神在多個國際場合被反復引用:

      In the Chinese tradition,this new year has come in the “spiritof the Ox,” a zodiac animal that symbolizes stamina, energy, anddedication.(按照中國的傳統(tǒng),這個新年是秉持著牛的精神來臨的,牛是一種生肖動物,象征耐力、能量和奉獻。)

      This year.s eve was defined as“three cattle spirit”—the term first used by China.s President Xi Jinping at a New Year.s gathering hosted by the CPC.s National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference in Beijing late last December.(今年的除夕被賦以“三牛精神”,這個詞語最先是中國國家主席習近平在去年12 月北京舉行的中國人民政治協(xié)商會議全國委員會新年茶話會上提出的。)

      UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his message on the occasion said: “I send my best wishes to all, for prosperity, health, and happiness in the Year of the Ox.”(值此之際,聯(lián)合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯在他的致辭中表示:“我向大家致以最良好的祝愿,祝大家牛年興旺、健康、幸福。”)

      《環(huán)球時報》(Global Times)海外版2021年2月12日載文,題為“China,US should work together for better shared future in the spirit of OX: Chineseambassador”(中國大使:中美兩國應該攜手開創(chuàng)更加美好的未來),崔天凱大使在文中提出要用三種牛的精神來處理中美關系和國際問題:

      “In the Chinese culture, the Ox symbolizes stamina, energy and dedication,”Cui said, adding he hopes that “we will show the spirit of the Ox and work together for a better shared future, for the Chinese and American people and people of the whole world.”(崔天凱說:“在中國文化中,牛象征著耐力、能量和奉獻?!彼M拔覀儼l(fā)揚‘牛的精神,為中美兩國人們和全世界人民共同創(chuàng)造更加美好的未來”。)“…lets bring about post-pandemic recovery and growth with the energy of the Ox,”said Cui.“China will stay committed to the win-win strategy of opening-up and economic globalization, and work with the United States and other countries to inject confidence and energy into the global economy,” he said.(“……以牛之力實現(xiàn)疫情大流行之后的復蘇和增長?!贝拚f,“中國將堅定不移地奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)濟全球化戰(zhàn)略,與美國和其他國家合作,為全球經(jīng)濟注入信心和活力?!保?/p>

      “…lets pool our strength and wisdom for a better future with the dedication of the Ox,” said the ambassador. “Countries need to put aside differences and act with a sense of responsibility and solidarity to tackle an array of global challenges, such as communicable diseases and climate change,” he said.(“……讓我們用牛的奉獻精神凝聚力量,凝聚智慧,共創(chuàng)美好未來?!边@位大使說,“各國應摒棄分歧,以擔當責任、團結一致的精神應對一系列全球性挑戰(zhàn),比如傳染病和氣候變化。”)

      春節(jié)后第一個工作日(2月18日),中國外交部發(fā)言人華春瑩也在其推特上用英語對“三牛精神”進行了描述,她把“三牛精神”譯成three ox spirit,筆者覺得不夠精準。此處不免引發(fā)一個問題,是三種牛的精神,還是牛的三種精神?復數(shù)很難處理,用在哪個詞上?復數(shù)spirits在更多的語境中指“酒精”,或指靈魂、情緒等,表示精神時,spirit是不可數(shù)名詞,應用單數(shù)表達。這樣的話,倒不如譯成three kinds of ox spirit,明示牛的三種精神?;蛘咭部珊唵巫g成the spirit of the ox。在推文中,華春瑩將“三?!狈謩e譯成三組詞:serving-the-people ox(孺子牛)、pioneering ox(拓荒牛)、persting ox(老黃牛)。別有情趣,可圈可點。

      名人名言

      The key to success is to focus our conscious mind on things we desire not things we fear.———Brian Traey

      成功的關鍵在于,把我們的意識專注于那些我們渴望的事情,而非那些我們恐懼的事情。——博恩·崔西(當今世界上個人職業(yè)發(fā)展方面最成功的演說家和咨詢家之一)

      Obstacles are necessary for success because in selling.as in all careers of importance,victory comes only after many struggles and countless defeats.

      ——Og Mandino

      障礙對于成功來說是必要的。因為不論在銷售業(yè),還是在其他所有重要的行業(yè)中,勝利只會在大量的斗爭和數(shù)不盡的失敗后到來。——奧格·曼狄諾(當今世界上最能激發(fā)起讀者閱讀熱情和自學精神的作家)

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