鹿煥婷
很多同學(xué)對(duì)句型掌握得不牢固,對(duì)相似句型分析不透徹,用起來(lái)易于混淆,造成錯(cuò)句。
1. 他不可能通過(guò)考試。
誤:It is impossible of him to pass the exam.
正:It is impossible for him to pass the exam.
析:這是一個(gè)沒(méi)有區(qū)別清楚“It is+adj.+of+sb. to do sth.”與“It is+adj.+for+sb. to do sth.”兩句型的典型錯(cuò)誤。如果句中的形容詞與某人之間存在邏輯關(guān)系,用of以說(shuō)明其本身所具有的特點(diǎn)。如:It is very kind of you to say so. (可以說(shuō):You are very kind.);如果句中的形容詞與某人之間不存在邏輯關(guān)系則使用for。如:It is important for us to learn English well. (不能說(shuō):We are important.)。
2. 他去巴黎了。
誤:He has been to Paris.
正:He has gone to Paris.
析:have been 表示某人去過(guò)某地,現(xiàn)在不在那里;has gone 表示某人到某地去了,現(xiàn)在不在這里。
3. 這是我有生以來(lái)第一次搭乘飛機(jī)。
誤:This is the first time I took an airplane in my life.
正:This is the first time I have taken an airplane in my life.
析:This is the first time后面的從句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而It is time that后面的句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:該是上床睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間了。譯為“Its time that we went to bed.”。
4. 他表示希望再到中國(guó)來(lái)訪問(wèn)。
誤: He expressed the hope which he would come over to visit China again.
正:He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
析:誤句是把同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句混用。在同位語(yǔ)從句中,連詞that不作句子成分,也無(wú)實(shí)際意義,只是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明主句的內(nèi)容。在定語(yǔ)從句中that或which一方面替代先行詞,一方面引導(dǎo)從句,而且必須在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等成分。
5. 我昨天晚上直到10點(diǎn)才做完作業(yè)。
誤:It was not until 10 oclock last night when I finished my homework.
正:It was not until 10 oclock last night that I finished my homework.
析:強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句混用。“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that / who+陳述句”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu),如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人則用that或who,其它用that。that或who不作成分也無(wú)實(shí)際意義。而定語(yǔ)從句中的when替代表示時(shí)間的先行詞且在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
6. 過(guò)了大門你就會(huì)找到動(dòng)物園的入口。
誤:Go through the gate, youll find the entrance of the zoo.
正:Go through the gate, and youll find the entrance to the zoo.
正:If you go through the gate, youll find the entrance to the zoo.
析:誤句中前后兩部分無(wú)連接詞,使整個(gè)句子不倫不類,既不是復(fù)合句也不是并列句。所以應(yīng)該用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句,或者用and連結(jié)構(gòu)成并列句。下面的構(gòu)成也是錯(cuò)誤的:If you go through the gate, and youll find the entrance to the zoo.。此外,表示“……的入口”用介詞to。