如何得到你想要的幫助

浙江 胡君祥

每個人都有無助的時候，如何有效地尋求他人的幫助呢？

題材人與社會體裁說明文文章詞數(shù) 難度 建議用時338 ★★★ 6 分鐘

There will come a time in everyone's life where they find that they may need a little more help. When I was 13 years old, I lived with a sick mother and was constantly moving from city to city. I had no family or friends to help me. How helpless I felt then. If you're struggling with something in any part of your life, by practicing the points below you can still find the help that you need and want.

“People need to know that you need help,”says Grant, a psychologist. “It's a huge barrier that people don't see. We are all self-centered and well aware of what is happening to us. We think our need for help is obvious, but people's attention is scattered （分散的）. We don't pay attention to the people around us and we're not sure what they can do to help. So no one will know you need help unless you ask for it.” Now you should know what to do first when you need help.

Make it clear who is supposed to help. At work, for example, avoid sending a blanket email asking for help. “If people see lots of others in the chain, they feel, ‘Well, it's not a direct ask of me. Why am I the one who should be helping?'” says Grant. “If you're serious about needing help, it's worth the time it takes to send individual emails.” So identify who you want to call when you send out a call for help.

In order to help, one needs to believe that he can. “No one wants to give bad help,” says Grant. “We don't want to give help when we don't feel qualified. One needs to believe his help will be effective, otherwise he will feel terrible if he tries to help but fails.” So when you need help, ask for help from people who are equipped to help in the way you need.

Language Study

Ⅰ.Difficult sentences

1. If you're serious about needing help, it's worth the time it takes to send individual emails.

譯文：如果你真的想要得到幫助，花時間給每個人發(fā)郵件是值得的。

分析：本句中的兩個it均指代to send individual emails。

2. So identify who you want to call when you send out a call for help.

譯文：所以，當(dāng)你撥出求助電話時，要確定你想打電話給誰。

分析：本句中的identify意為“確定”。

Ⅱ. Useful sentence pattern

Make it clear who is supposed to help.

譯文：明確誰會幫忙。

分析：本句中的it是形式賓語，who is supposed to help是真正的賓語。 再如：

I have to make it clear that we have one key problem: technology. 我想說清一點，我們的關(guān)鍵問題是技術(shù)問題。

Reading Check

閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

寫作導(dǎo)引

一、文本研讀

概要寫作的文本研讀主要從歸納語篇大意和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析兩個方面入手。本文是說明文，主題語境是人與社會。 文章主要介紹了如何得到你想要的幫助。 其結(jié)構(gòu)為總分：第一段提出“人總有需要幫助的時候”的話題，后面三段分別從不同的角度分析怎樣獲得幫助。

二、定位信息

根據(jù)上述分析，從每段中找出關(guān)鍵信息。

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三、信息整合

將以上各段的信息整合為一個句子。

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四、句子改寫

可以采用替換、轉(zhuǎn)換和信息概括等技巧來實現(xiàn)對原文要點的轉(zhuǎn)述。

1. 替換：同義詞替換、單詞替換短語、短語替換句子等。 例如：

There will come a time in everyone's life where they find that they may need a little more help. →Sometimes people may need a little more help.

2. 轉(zhuǎn)換：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換、主語轉(zhuǎn)換等。 例如：

No one will know you need help unless you ask for it. →No one will know you need help if you don't ask for it.

五、潤色成篇

1. 運用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞潤色文章。

表轉(zhuǎn)折：but、however、though、although等

表并列、遞進(jìn)：as well as、in addition to、not only...but also...、besides、what's more、furthermore等

表對比：meanwhile、on the one hand..., on the other hand...、on the contrary、by contrast等

表列舉：firstly、secondly、finally等

表原因：becaus （of）、due to、on account of、for等

表 舉 例：for example/instance、such as、and so on等

總結(jié)：therefore、consequently、in short、in conclusion、in a word等

2. 關(guān)注所寫概要的詞數(shù)，詞數(shù)超過72詞時就要刪減一些細(xì)節(jié)；詞數(shù)少于48詞時，可添加一些細(xì)節(jié)。 例如：

There are times in life when we all need help, and if you're struggling with something in any part of your life, here are some tips to help you. →There are times in life when we all need help, and here are some tips to help you. （刪減細(xì)節(jié)）

Finally, reach out to people who have the ability to help you in the way you need it. →Finally, when you need help, reach out to people who have the ability to help you in the way you need it. （增加細(xì)節(jié)）