楊倩琳
2017版《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》著力發(fā)展學(xué)生的核心素養(yǎng)。英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀中的“活動(dòng)”目標(biāo)指向核心素養(yǎng)發(fā)展,既是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的基本形式,也是英語課堂教學(xué)的基本組織形式,集語言、思維、文化為一體,依據(jù)不同層次的活動(dòng)目標(biāo)?!镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》指引著教師如何撰寫教案,如何更好地分析教材,上好每一堂課。自2020年9月以來,湖南省開始使用牛津譯林(2020版)高中英語新教材。新教材將原來譯林版《牛津高中英語》教材中的Task 板塊改為 Integrated skills 板塊,要求學(xué)生通過聽、讀或看輸入,然后再產(chǎn)出,同時(shí)關(guān)注輸入材料的價(jià)值取向、思維能力的訓(xùn)練。任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)重在貫徹落實(shí)“綜合性技能訓(xùn)練”和“技能融合發(fā)展”的教材編寫理念,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在教材“四步一體”的活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)框架下,完成由理解性技能向表達(dá)性技能的過渡,最后讓學(xué)生在說和寫的輸出性活動(dòng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)話題相關(guān)知識(shí)與綜合語言技能的融合。我以牛津譯林(2020版)高中英語必修一 Unit4 Integrated skill:plastic surgery版塊教學(xué)內(nèi)容為例并結(jié)合2017版《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》新提出的英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng),談?wù)勅绾位谟⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng)。
一 、理論基礎(chǔ)
《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》指出,英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀是在主題意義的引領(lǐng)下,通過學(xué)習(xí)理解、應(yīng)用實(shí)踐、遷移創(chuàng)新等一系列體現(xiàn)綜合性、關(guān)聯(lián)性和實(shí)踐性等特點(diǎn)的英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),使學(xué)生基于已有知識(shí),依托不同類型的語篇,在分析問題和解決問題的過程中促進(jìn)自身語言知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)、語言技能發(fā)展、文化內(nèi)涵理解、多元思維發(fā)展、價(jià)值取向判斷和學(xué)習(xí)策略運(yùn)用[1]。指向語言能力、文化意識(shí)、思維品質(zhì)、學(xué)習(xí)能力等學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)綜合發(fā)展的英語活動(dòng)課程應(yīng)是基于學(xué)科思維和大單元觀念的實(shí)踐課程,課堂活動(dòng)應(yīng)基于學(xué)生的社會(huì)閱歷、認(rèn)知水平和發(fā)展愿望,能激發(fā)其參與興趣[2]。這要求教師改善教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)不合理、內(nèi)容相關(guān)性不強(qiáng)及忽略學(xué)生思維品質(zhì)發(fā)展的課堂教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀,設(shè)計(jì)有思維層次、聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際、有學(xué)科育人目標(biāo)的教學(xué)活動(dòng)。
二、Integrated skills板塊教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
(一)教材分析
本板塊以“整形手術(shù)”為話題。本版塊首先介紹John Wilson和Ella Edwards兩人的整容小故事,引出整容的利弊,語篇主題為“人與自我”。再有一則關(guān)于“整形手術(shù)利弊”的新聞報(bào)道,通過播放聽力的方式,將材料設(shè)計(jì)為判斷正誤題和填空題。最后介紹議論文文體特點(diǎn)、PRE寫作結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點(diǎn)。本版塊以活動(dòng)為導(dǎo)向,通過一系列讀、聽、說、寫活動(dòng),要求學(xué)生對(duì)“整形手術(shù)”這一話題發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),從中領(lǐng)悟美與健康的真諦。
(二)學(xué)情分析
本班學(xué)生英語基礎(chǔ)較好,學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度較認(rèn)真,學(xué)習(xí)熱情高。學(xué)生已基本具備在閱讀中獲取信息的能力,部分學(xué)生能用英語自信地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。但是多數(shù)學(xué)生在理解和整合知識(shí)、邏輯推理和分析論證觀點(diǎn),以及批判評(píng)價(jià)方面的能力都比較欠缺。此外,雖然學(xué)生對(duì)“整形手術(shù)”有一定程度的了解,但存在一定的偏見,未能全面地看待問題。同時(shí)本班學(xué)生混合型和結(jié)果型學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格居多,因此,課堂教學(xué)要通過視頻、圖片、錄音等多種媒介,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的各種感官,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率;并通過設(shè)置任務(wù)引領(lǐng)學(xué)生步步深入,最終達(dá)成教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
(三)教學(xué)目標(biāo)
表達(dá)對(duì)整形手術(shù)的看法
了解議論文結(jié)構(gòu)并完成關(guān)于整形手術(shù)的作文
意識(shí)到美麗和健康的重要性
(四)設(shè)計(jì)思路
1.導(dǎo)入
Class begins. Good morning, boys and girls. Sit down please. Today, we are going to have a new topic and we’ ll have a competition. Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4. So, put up your hands, answer my questions and fight for your group. In the end, you will find your group points very important because we are going to use these points to create something.
Before we watch a video about our new topic, think about two questions:
(1) Why did the lady want to change her appearance?
(2) How did she make it?
Now, let’s watch a video.
You are so clever.
Recently, plastic surgery has become a heated topic. We can see it on newspapers. A man and a woman have also received plastic surgery. Let’s read two news stories and find out more information.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】提高語言能力:表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和情感態(tài)度,體現(xiàn)意圖和價(jià)值取向。
2.閱讀
活動(dòng)一:掃讀
學(xué)生閱讀書上兩則故事,回答問題“Is plastic surgery good for him/her?”并根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容給出理由。
活動(dòng)二:給文中選出一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題
老師給出兩個(gè)標(biāo)題,讓學(xué)生給兩則故事分別選出合適的標(biāo)題。
Now, 2 minutes for you to read the first passage. Think about the question: Is plastic surgery good for him? Tell me the reasons according to the passage. If you have finished, put up your hands!
You have done a good job! Are these words or phrases about the advantages or disadvantages? Yes, advantages.
How about this story? Also, two minutes for you. Tell me the reasons according to the passage. Are these words or phrases about the advantages or disadvantages? Of course, disadvantages.
After you get the information, can you choose the best title for these two news stories?
Title 1: Woman regrets plastic surgery
Title 2: Plastic surgery helps man with burn marks
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】1. 運(yùn)用尋讀的閱讀策略,找出文章中描述的整容利弊的細(xì)節(jié)信息。2. 運(yùn)用略讀的閱讀策略,為文章確定一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。3. 語言能力: 獲取、概括信息。
3.聽力
For more information, let’s listen to Alice’s report. Listen and complete the notes.
Now, let’s check the answers.
Who can tell me the advantages in her report?
How about the disadvantages of plastic surgery?
學(xué)生完成書中Alice關(guān)于整形手術(shù)的報(bào)道,完成填空練習(xí)。
Advantages of plastic surgery
It is the easiest way to help people improve their (1)___________.
It helps people build their (2)_______________.
Disadvantages of plastic surgery
It is very (3)___________.
It carries serious (4)____________. Patients may suffer health problems after failed plastic surgery operations or even (5) _____ during operations.
The (6) ________ of plastic surgery might be different from what people (7) ________.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】1. 訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽力技能,獲得更多的關(guān)于整容利弊的信息。2. 培養(yǎng)語言能力: 獲取、概括信息。
4.辯論
After hearing Alice’s report, I’d like to hear your voices. You have 5 minutes to prepare for the debate about plastic surgery. G1&G2 talk about the advantages. G3&G4 talk about the disadvantages. One point of advantage and then one point of disadvantage. You can use these good expressions.
Now, time is up. Let’s begin our debate. Advantages try first!
I like your point! Sounds great! I’ll give you one point.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】1.鞏固并整合所學(xué)語言和內(nèi)容,學(xué)生小組合作討論。2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作能力。
5.微課
After debating, we know everyone has his/ her opinion about plastic surgery. How would you express your opinion? Now, let’s watch a video and learn how to write an argument essay.
微課講解內(nèi)容:
議論文結(jié)構(gòu):提出問題、分析問題、解決問題
第一段:提出問題
導(dǎo)入話題
1. Recently, we had a discussion on whether we should…(導(dǎo)入話題).
2. Recently, more and more people have …(導(dǎo)入話題).
第二段:分析問題
觀點(diǎn)有分歧
正方觀點(diǎn)+1-2個(gè)贊成的理由
反方觀點(diǎn)+1-2個(gè)反對(duì)的理由
Our opinions are divided on this topic(觀點(diǎn)有分歧). Most of the students support it. (正方觀點(diǎn))Here are the reasons. First… Second…Finally(1-2個(gè)贊成的理由) However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點(diǎn))Their reasons are as follows. In the first place… What’s more… In addition…(1-2個(gè)反對(duì)的理由)
第三段:解決問題
下結(jié)論
In my opinion/ In conclusion, I firmly believe that…
連接詞或短語:
順序關(guān)系:
To begin with/ First of all/ Lastly/ In the end/ Last but not least
列舉關(guān)系:
Besides/ What's more/ In addition
個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)
In my opinion/ Personally speaking/ From my point of view/ As far as I am concerned
總結(jié)
In conclusion/ In a word/ In short/ So/ Therefore
分析范文:
Recently, we had a discussion on whether we should have plastic surgery.
Our opinions are divided on this topic. Most of the students support it. Here are the reasons. First, it can help people build their self-confidence. Second, it can change people’s appearance, especially for those who have physical disability. However, the others are strongly against it. Their reasons are as follow. To begin with, it is very expensive. What’s more, it carries serious health risks.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that a healthy lifestyle is more important, so plastic surgery does more harm than good to us.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】拓展話題內(nèi)容,掌握議論文結(jié)構(gòu),為接下來的寫作做準(zhǔn)備。
6.寫作
Now, you have 6 minutes to write an argument essay about the advantages and disadvantages of plastic surgery. Here are 4 papers.
Group 1:? write Para 1
Group 2:? write Advantages in Para 2
Group 3:? write Disadvantages in Para 2
Group 4:? write Para 3
Work together and write down your paragraph in groups.
If your group has finished, group leader please come to the front, read the sentences on the paper and put the paper on the blackboard.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】培養(yǎng)語言能力: 較為熟練地整合性運(yùn)用已有英語語言知識(shí)。
三、評(píng)價(jià)與反思
本課的設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)有以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)上課時(shí)間有限,需要教的內(nèi)容多。因?yàn)槭且鳛楣_課比賽的內(nèi)容,主辦方要求要將其本該是2個(gè)課時(shí)的內(nèi)容壓縮成1個(gè)課時(shí)。按照譯林出版社的建議,第一課時(shí)主要完成語言的輸入:閱讀與聽力,第二課時(shí)是依照輸入的信息,針對(duì)主題,完成語言的輸出:討論與寫作。在磨課的過程中,聽課老師們給我提的建議都是“一定要根據(jù)課文主題:plastic surgery展開,并充分利用閱讀和聽力給學(xué)生足夠多的語言輸入,再進(jìn)行語言的輸出?!保?)教材中設(shè)置的題目未能適應(yīng)大部分學(xué)生,尤其是聽力部分。聽力的題型與高考題型完全不同,第一個(gè)聽力題是判斷正誤,第二題是填空。這對(duì)學(xué)生的水平要求很高。而又因?yàn)樯险n時(shí)間受限,因而教師必須要自己仔細(xì)研讀教材,挖掘出對(duì)之后的討論和寫作有利的信息,將其變成一種新的聽力題,與此同時(shí),還需要考慮到聽力策略的教授。
英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的三個(gè)層次教學(xué)活動(dòng)既促進(jìn)教師的專業(yè)成長,又能發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維。落實(shí)英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀的Integrated skills板塊教學(xué)需考慮一下三個(gè)方面的問題:[3]
(一)思維層次性
本課以視頻導(dǎo)入,通過觀看一個(gè)女人整容前后的樣貌,以及她面部呈現(xiàn)出來的對(duì)整容的態(tài)度,學(xué)生開始對(duì)整容手術(shù)有了一定的了解和判斷。通過之后閱讀、聽力中輸入的各種信息,學(xué)生進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)整容利弊的了解。之后通過小組合作,他們將知識(shí)輸出,進(jìn)行辯論、議論文寫作。學(xué)生在老師的引導(dǎo)下,思維層層遞進(jìn),得到提高。
(二)課堂時(shí)效性
我將本課的教學(xué)應(yīng)用在我參加全市高中英語教師同課異構(gòu)的比賽中,并榮獲一等獎(jiǎng)。在導(dǎo)入時(shí),學(xué)生就被視頻所吸引,學(xué)習(xí)興趣高漲。通過反復(fù)的試課,我將課文中的閱讀、聽力材料進(jìn)行修改,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生充分利用教材資源,獲取關(guān)于整形手術(shù)利弊的信息。在最后展示小組的寫作段落時(shí),課堂非?;钴S,這表明同學(xué)們都想寫出一篇滿意的關(guān)于整形手術(shù)的議論文,達(dá)到了預(yù)設(shè)的教學(xué)目的。
(三)育人價(jià)值性
在這個(gè)崇尚美的時(shí)代,越來越多的人選擇整形手術(shù)。此時(shí)的高中學(xué)生正處于價(jià)值觀的塑造時(shí)期。如果他們現(xiàn)在對(duì)萬事萬物缺乏理性思考,思考利弊,當(dāng)他們離開校園,進(jìn)入社會(huì),便可能受社會(huì)不良風(fēng)氣的影響盲目整容,一味追求美而忽視其弊端。
但在教學(xué)中,時(shí)間有待進(jìn)一步科學(xué)分配,其中理解篇章中所花時(shí)間超出預(yù)設(shè),以至于學(xué)生在合作學(xué)習(xí)中時(shí)間不夠充分,學(xué)生能夠生成自己對(duì)于成長意義的理解,但是理解還不夠豐富。今后在教學(xué)中應(yīng)科學(xué)分配時(shí)間,為學(xué)生進(jìn)行高階思維活動(dòng)提供充分的時(shí)間。
綜上所述,英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀在考查聽說讀寫綜合能力的Integrated skills板塊有一定的優(yōu)勢。
參考文獻(xiàn):
中華人民共和國教育部制定. 普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 2017年版 [M]. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 2018.
梅德明. 王薔. 改什么?如何教?怎樣考?:高中英語新課標(biāo)解析[M]. 北京: 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2018.
王佳麗. 基于英語學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)觀 促進(jìn)學(xué)生思維新發(fā)展——以Unit 1 Integrated Skills為例[J]. 英語教師,2021, (10): 98-102.