李春花 加央多拉 田娟 孫墨可 王春龍 董玉迪 郭來(lái)春 魏黎明 孫連池 任長(zhǎng)忠
摘要:【目的】對(duì)等花柱型白花甜蕎和異花柱型紅花甜蕎的雜交后代F2群體進(jìn)行遺傳分析,為甜蕎資源創(chuàng)新及新品種選育提供理論依據(jù)?!痉椒ā繉?duì)等花柱型白花甜蕎與短花柱型紅花甜蕎的雜交后代F2群體進(jìn)行花色、花柱型、開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)和株高等7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀測(cè)定,并進(jìn)行遺傳分析及主成分分析?!窘Y(jié)果】在F2群體中,白花單株占27.92%,粉紅花和淺粉花單株占72.08%,表明紅花對(duì)白花為不完全顯性;同型花(等花柱型)和異型花(短花柱型和長(zhǎng)花柱型)分離比為2∶1,可推測(cè)出等花柱型對(duì)異型花柱為顯性。7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀中,開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗的變異系數(shù)分別為9.97%、7.16%、9.88%和9.57%,小于10.00%;單株粒數(shù)、株高和一級(jí)分枝數(shù)的變異系數(shù)分別為59.85%、21.75%和21.80%,均大于20.00%。開(kāi)花天數(shù)與株高呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05,下同),與一級(jí)分枝數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);生育天數(shù)與株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)和莖粗4個(gè)株型相關(guān)性狀均呈不顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P>0.05,下同);4個(gè)株型相關(guān)性狀中,株高與一級(jí)分枝數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān),與主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗均呈極顯著正相關(guān);單株粒數(shù)作為產(chǎn)量性狀,與開(kāi)花天數(shù)呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與生育天數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與4個(gè)株型相關(guān)性狀均呈極顯著性正相關(guān)。主成分分析的前2個(gè)因子的特征值大于1.000,累積貢獻(xiàn)率為56.083%,反映了所測(cè)農(nóng)藝性狀的主要信息,第1公因子主要是由株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)、莖粗和單株粒數(shù)4個(gè)因子決定,故稱為株型因子;第2公因子中開(kāi)花天數(shù)的因子載荷最大,故稱為生殖因子,這2個(gè)公因子既相互促進(jìn),又相互制約。F2群體的各農(nóng)藝性狀中均出現(xiàn)超親分離,雖然未出現(xiàn)粉紅色等花柱型單株,但出現(xiàn)了70株淺粉色等花柱型的單株,其中8株為既比父本早熟又比母本高產(chǎn)的淺粉色等花柱型?!窘Y(jié)論】開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗的變異較小,穩(wěn)定性較高,而單株粒數(shù)、株高和一級(jí)分枝數(shù)的變異較高,穩(wěn)定性較低。在等花柱甜蕎與紅花甜蕎的雜交育種中應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)好生殖因子和株型因子的關(guān)系,要根據(jù)各性狀間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行有目的地選擇,有望獲得早熟高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的紅花甜蕎。
關(guān)鍵詞:紅花甜蕎;等花柱資源;遺傳多樣性;雜交后代;資源創(chuàng)新
中圖分類號(hào):S517.035.1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A 文章編號(hào):2095-1191(2021)10-2751-07
Abstract:【Objective】The genetic analysis of F2 population of hybrid progenies of homo-flower white buckwheat and heteromorphous safflower buckwheat would provide a theoretical basis for resource innovation and new varieties of common buckwheat. 【Method】 Seven agronomic traits such as flower color,style type,flowering days,number of growing days,plant height were measured on the F2 populations of hybrid progenies of homo-flower white buckwheat and short style safflower buckwheat, and carried out genetic diversity and principal component analysis.【Result】In the F2 population,individual plants with white flowers accounted for 27.92%,pink flowers and light pink flowers accounted for 72.08%,indicating that safflower was not completely dominant to white flowers. In addition,the separation ratio of homotypes (equal styles) and heteromorphic flowers (short styles,long styles) was 2∶1,and it could be inferred that the isome-tric styles were dominant heteromorphic styles. Among the 7 agronomic traits,the coefficients of variation of flowering days,growing days,main stem node number and stem diameter were 9.97%,7.16%,9.88% and 9.57%,respectively,which were less than 10.00%; the coefficients of variation of number of seeds per plant, plant height and number of first branch were 59.85%,21.75% and 21.80%, respectively, which were all greater than 20.00%. The flowering days was significantly negatively correlated with plant height (P<0.05, the same below), and was significantly positively correlated with the number of first branch; the number of growing days were not significantly negatively correlated with plant height, number of the main stalk section, number of first branch and stem diameter (P>0.05, the same below). Among the four plant type-related traits, plant height was significantly positively correlated with the number of first branch, and extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of the main stalk section and stem diameter. As a yield trait, the number of seeds per plant was extremely negatively correlated with flowering days, was significantly negatively correlated with number of growing days, and was extremely significantly positively correlated with four plant type-related traits. The eigenvalues of the first two factors in the principal component analysis were greater than 1.000,and the cumulative contribution rate was 56.083%,which reflected the main information of the agronomic traits measured. The first common factor was mainly determined by four factors:plant height, number of the main stalk section, stem diameter and number of seeds per plant, and was called plant type factor; the second common factor had the largest load of flowering days, which was called reproductive factor. These two common factors both promoted and restricted each other. Super parental separation was found in all agronomic traits of F2 population. Although no pink homo-flower individual plants were found, but 70 light pink homo-flower individual plants were observed. Eight of them were pink homo-flower individual plants which were earlier than their fathers and more productive than their mother. 【Conclusion】 The variations of flowering days, number of growing days, number of the main stalk section and stem diameter are small and stability is high, while the variation of number of seeds per plant, plant height and number of first branch of first order is high and stability is low. In the cross breeding of homo-flower white buckwheat and heteromorphous safflower buckwheat, the relationship between reproductive factors and plant type factors should be well coordinated, and the target selection should be carried out according to the correlation of each trait, so as to obtain safflower buckwheat with early maturity, high yield and stable yield.
Key words:safflower buckwheat; isostyle resource; genetic diversity; hybrid offspring; resource innovation
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860412); National Technical System Program of Oat and Buckwheat Industry(CARS-07-C-2)
0 引言
【研究意義】甜蕎(Fagopyrum esculentum Monch,2n=16)為蓼科(Polygonaceae)蕎麥屬(Fagopyrum)的一年生短日照植物,是花柱異長(zhǎng)自交不親和的蟲媒和風(fēng)媒傳粉作物(陳穩(wěn)良等,2020),具有生育期短、耐旱耐貧瘠等特點(diǎn),是我國(guó)大部分作物無(wú)法生長(zhǎng)的自然環(huán)境惡劣地區(qū)的主要糧食和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,也可根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r作為填閑作物或救災(zāi)防荒作物(何健等,2002;楊耐德,2006;Alamprese et al.,2007;Jiang et al.,2007)。紅花甜蕎是我國(guó)甜蕎主產(chǎn)區(qū)的主栽品種,廣泛分布于陜甘寧及內(nèi)蒙古長(zhǎng)城沿線區(qū),其籽粒紅色,營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、品質(zhì)佳、口味特殊,具有多種人體所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),開(kāi)花時(shí)呈粉紅色或紅色而得名,且花色鮮艷、花期長(zhǎng)、花色一致穩(wěn)定,在觀光、美化環(huán)境、插花藝術(shù)等方面也具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景(馮佰利等,2005;林汝法等,2005)。因此,開(kāi)展等花柱甜蕎與紅花甜蕎雜交后代的遺傳多樣性分析對(duì)其培育花型、花色等性狀穩(wěn)定的自交可育觀賞型紅花甜蕎品種具有重要意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】由于甜蕎依賴蟲媒和風(fēng)媒來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)授粉結(jié)實(shí),加之近年來(lái)日本白花甜蕎品種在我國(guó)蕎麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)的推廣種植,最終導(dǎo)致農(nóng)田種植的甜蕎品種間易發(fā)生雜交,導(dǎo)致花色、粒色等純合性缺失(鮑國(guó)軍和曹亞鳳,2013),天然結(jié)實(shí)率低,僅為4%~20%,產(chǎn)量低且不穩(wěn)定(方正武和劉志雄,2015;張柯彬等,2017;陳穩(wěn)良等,2020)。自1987年,陸續(xù)在云南、西藏、四川等地發(fā)現(xiàn)了等花柱(即雌雄蕊等長(zhǎng))的自交可育野生甜蕎資源(陳慶富,2012;楊麗娟和陳慶富,2018),在隔離條件下,其自交結(jié)實(shí)率遠(yuǎn)大于栽培甜蕎,在中、高密度種植條件下表現(xiàn)出高產(chǎn)特性,產(chǎn)量高于普通栽培品種(趙緒明,2015)。在蕎麥的表型中,花柱性狀是可穩(wěn)定表達(dá)遺傳的性狀,在群體中易于觀察分類,且該性狀與甜蕎的自交結(jié)實(shí)性密切相關(guān),因此,該特性有利于選育農(nóng)藝性狀穩(wěn)定的自交可育早熟高產(chǎn)紅花甜蕎品種(Chen,2016)。栽培甜蕎普遍是異型花,在一個(gè)群體中通常有兩種花柱類型,即長(zhǎng)花柱型和短花柱型,是根據(jù)雌雄蕊的長(zhǎng)度所分,其中短花柱型表現(xiàn)為雌蕊短,雄蕊長(zhǎng),雄蕊的平均長(zhǎng)度為66.94 μm,雌蕊平均長(zhǎng)度18.22~30.19 μm;長(zhǎng)花柱型表現(xiàn)為雌蕊長(zhǎng),雄蕊短,雄蕊的平均長(zhǎng)度為35.37 μm,雌蕊平均長(zhǎng)度為47.69~64.08 μm,植株個(gè)體均是異型異株,而等花柱甜蕎是同型花,僅有一種類型,即等花柱型,雌雄蕊長(zhǎng)度相同,雌蕊和雄蕊平均長(zhǎng)度為35.02~50.78 μm,在野生甜蕎中此類花型較常見(jiàn)(侯亞芳,2018)。研究表明,栽培甜蕎的花柱性狀是由S位點(diǎn)控制,短花柱型相對(duì)于長(zhǎng)花柱型為顯性,基因型為SS和Ss,長(zhǎng)花柱型甜蕎基因型為ss(Shaikh et al.,2002;Wang et al.,2005;Fesenko,2010)。等花柱甜蕎的花柱性狀由Sh位點(diǎn)控制,基因型為ShSh和Shsh,而Sh位點(diǎn)與S位點(diǎn)可能為等位位點(diǎn),顯性關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為SS和Ss對(duì)Sh為顯性,Sh對(duì)ss為顯性(Wang et al.,2005)。杜瑩(2015)對(duì)栽培甜蕎與等花柱甜蕎的雜交后代花柱進(jìn)行調(diào)查,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)后代花型可細(xì)分為完全等花柱型、稍長(zhǎng)花柱型、長(zhǎng)花柱型、稍短花柱型和短花柱型5種,表明栽培甜蕎與等花柱甜蕎的雜交后代花型種類較豐富。郭超(2016)在等花柱型甜蕎與栽培甜蕎的雜交F3和F4代中發(fā)現(xiàn),5種花柱類型在分離比例、結(jié)實(shí)性和單株產(chǎn)量上均表現(xiàn)出顯著差異,表明可通過(guò)改良花柱類型提高自交結(jié)實(shí)率,從而提高產(chǎn)量?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】針對(duì)目前紅花甜蕎和栽培甜蕎在田間發(fā)生雜交導(dǎo)致花色、粒色等不純合,以及授粉依賴?yán)ハx而導(dǎo)致紅花甜蕎產(chǎn)量不穩(wěn)定且偏低的問(wèn)題,培育自交可育紅花甜蕎是非常有效的解決方法,但目前鮮見(jiàn)研究報(bào)道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】對(duì)等花柱型白花甜蕎與短花柱型紅花甜蕎的雜交后代F2群體進(jìn)行花色、花柱型、開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)和株高等7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀測(cè)定,并進(jìn)行遺傳分析及主成分分析,尋求自交可育紅花甜蕎新資源創(chuàng)新手段和新品系篩選方法,為培育性狀穩(wěn)定的早熟高產(chǎn)自交可育的觀賞型紅花甜蕎新品種打下基礎(chǔ)。
1 材料與方法
1. 1 試驗(yàn)材料
母本材料BQ-98是由吉林省白城市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院燕麥工程研究中心在多年承擔(dān)國(guó)家區(qū)域試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),再經(jīng)本課題組篩選、純化的白色花等花柱型可育新品系。父本材料西農(nóng)T1351是西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院培育而成的紅色異花柱型品種,該品種花紅色鮮艷、葉脈紅色、主莖紫紅色,籽粒形成至乳熟期顏色為紅色,持續(xù)時(shí)期10~20 d。
1. 2 試驗(yàn)方法
試驗(yàn)在吉林省白城市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院的溫室(122o47′E,45o37′N)進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)地屬溫帶大陸性季風(fēng)氣候,年平均降水量為399.9 mm,無(wú)霜期平均為144 d。溫室內(nèi)設(shè)有地暖、大型抽風(fēng)機(jī)、側(cè)窗和頂窗,自動(dòng)控制日照儀,可以增強(qiáng)空氣流通,及時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)室內(nèi)溫濕度和日照長(zhǎng)度。于2019年9月將母本材料BQ-98和父本材料西農(nóng)T1351分別種植在營(yíng)養(yǎng)缽中,每盆種3粒,出苗后的10~20 d每盆留1株生長(zhǎng)健壯的植株,培育至開(kāi)花初期進(jìn)行雜交,具體操作:在頭戴式放大鏡下用鑷子對(duì)開(kāi)花前未授粉的母本花蕾進(jìn)行去雄,同時(shí)取短花柱父本已開(kāi)裂花朵的花藥,將花藥的花粉涂抹于已去雄的母本雌蕊柱頭上進(jìn)行授粉,再套袋,待籽粒成熟后即得雜交種子。雜交成功與否是通過(guò)以F1代植株的花色判斷,白色花為雜交失敗,粉色花為雜交成功。于2020年3月將雜交種子20粒分別種植在20個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)缽中,開(kāi)花期淘汰白色花的單株及病株、劣株,剩余15株F1代單株成功自交獲得F1代自交種子,并分別收獲保存。從15株F1代單株中選取單株粒數(shù)最多(154粒)的F1代自交種子,于2020年7月與親本各12粒進(jìn)行盆栽,每盆1粒。
1. 3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目
開(kāi)花期調(diào)查花柱類型(長(zhǎng)花柱、短花柱和等花柱)、花色和開(kāi)花天數(shù)(出苗到初花天數(shù))。待籽粒70%~80%成熟時(shí)收獲,并調(diào)查記錄生育天數(shù)(出苗到收獲天數(shù))、株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)、莖粗和單株粒數(shù)。
1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
利用Excel 2010對(duì)調(diào)查的農(nóng)藝性狀數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理分析,使用SPSS 19.0進(jìn)行主成分分析和相關(guān)分析。利用表型性狀的變異系數(shù)(CV)表示表型性狀離散程度,計(jì)算公式:
2 結(jié)果與分析
2. 1 甜蕎親本及雜交后代F2群體花柱和花色類型的分離表現(xiàn)
由表1可知,母本材料全部為白色等花柱型,父本材料中有8株粉紅色短花柱型,4株為粉紅色長(zhǎng)花柱型;在F2群體中,白花單株為43株,占27.92%,其中,等花柱型為33株,短花柱型為8株,長(zhǎng)花柱型為2株;粉紅花單株為4株,占2.60%,均為短花柱型;淺粉花單株為107株,占69.48%,其中等花柱型為70株,短花柱型為30株,長(zhǎng)花柱型為7株。由此還可知,在F2群體中,白花單株占27.92%,粉紅花單株和淺粉花單株占72.08%,表明紅花對(duì)白花為不完全顯性;等花柱型單株為103株,占66.88%,短花柱型單株為42株,占27.27%,長(zhǎng)花柱型單株為9株,占5.84%,等花柱型遠(yuǎn)多于短花柱型和長(zhǎng)花柱型,且同型花(等花柱型)和異型花(短花柱型和長(zhǎng)花柱型)分離比為2∶1,推斷等花柱型相對(duì)于異花柱型為顯性;在F2群體中淺粉色等花柱型的單株為70株,占45.45%,表明從雜交后代中有望篩選出粉色花等花柱型的單株。
2. 2 甜蕎親本及雜交后代F2群體的農(nóng)藝性狀表現(xiàn)
由表2可知,在開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)、株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)、莖粗和單株粒數(shù)7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀方面,F(xiàn)2群體的變異范圍均超過(guò)父母本的變異范圍,且母本的開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)和單株粒數(shù)平均值大于父本,但父本的株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗平均值大于母本,F(xiàn)2群體的這7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀平均值均在兩親本之間;母本的7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀變異系數(shù)均比父本小,而F2群體的7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀變異系數(shù)大于兩親本。F2群體的開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗變異系數(shù)分別為9.97%、7.16%、9.88%和9.57%,均小于10.00%,單株粒數(shù)、株高和一級(jí)分枝數(shù)的變異系數(shù)分別為59.85%、21.75%和21.80%,均大于20.00%。綜上所述,開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育日數(shù)、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗的變異小,遺傳穩(wěn)定性較高;而單株粒數(shù)、株高和一級(jí)分枝數(shù)的遺傳多樣性豐富,適宜篩選優(yōu)質(zhì)材料。
2. 3 雜交后代F2群體農(nóng)藝性狀間的相關(guān)分析結(jié)果
由表3可知,開(kāi)花天數(shù)與生育天數(shù)呈正相關(guān),但未達(dá)顯著水平(P>0.05,下同),與株高呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05,下同),與一級(jí)分枝數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);生育天數(shù)與株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)和莖粗4個(gè)株型相關(guān)性狀均呈負(fù)相關(guān),未達(dá)顯著水平;4個(gè)株型相關(guān)性狀中,株高與一級(jí)分枝數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān),與主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗均呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01,下同);單株粒數(shù)作為產(chǎn)量性狀,與開(kāi)花天數(shù)呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與生育天數(shù)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與4個(gè)株型相關(guān)性狀均呈極顯著性正相關(guān),其中,株高與單株粒數(shù)的相關(guān)系數(shù)最大,為0.515%。
2. 4 主成分分析結(jié)果
對(duì)雜交后代F2群體的7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行主成分分析,結(jié)果如表4所示。前2個(gè)因子的特征值大于1,且對(duì)總方差的貢獻(xiàn)最大,其特征值分別為2.634和1.292,總方差貢獻(xiàn)率分別為37.625%和18.458%,累積方差占總方差的56.083%。第3~7個(gè)因子的特征值均小于1.000,忽略不計(jì),只保留前2個(gè)公因子作進(jìn)一步分析。
對(duì)公因子進(jìn)行方差最大正交旋轉(zhuǎn),得到旋轉(zhuǎn)后因子的載荷矩陣如表5所示。第1公因子主要是由株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)、莖粗和單株粒數(shù)4個(gè)因子決定,其因子載荷分別為0.787、0.706、0.715和0.709,故稱為株型因子;第2公因子中開(kāi)花天數(shù)的因子載荷最大,為0.847,故稱為生殖因子。綜上所述,這2個(gè)公因子既相互促進(jìn),又相互制約,因此,在蕎麥高產(chǎn)育種中應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)好二者的關(guān)系。
2. 5 目標(biāo)單株選擇
目標(biāo)單株為既比父本早熟又比母本高產(chǎn)的粉紅色等花柱型的單株。雖然F2群體中未出現(xiàn)粉紅色等花柱型單株,但出現(xiàn)了70株淺粉色等花柱型的單株,其中8株為既比父本早熟又比母本高產(chǎn)的淺粉色等花柱型(圖1),表明通過(guò)等花柱甜蕎與紅花甜蕎的雜交有望獲得早熟高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的紅花甜蕎。
3 討論
本研究結(jié)果表明,在雜交后代F2群體中出現(xiàn)同型花(等花柱型)和異型花(短花柱型和長(zhǎng)花柱型)的分離比為2∶1,由此推測(cè)等花柱型對(duì)異型花柱型為顯性,與侯亞文(2018)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)等花柱型相對(duì)于長(zhǎng)花柱型為顯性的結(jié)果一致,而與Wang等(2005)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)短花柱型相對(duì)于等花柱型顯性的結(jié)果不一致,并且分離比不符合孟德?tīng)柗蛛x規(guī)律,其原因可能有等花柱型雖然表現(xiàn)出自交親和性,但其仍保留自交不親和性的基因(Yasui et al.,2012),且控制花型的S位點(diǎn)基因作用機(jī)理比較復(fù)雜(Matsui et al.,2003)而所導(dǎo)致。本研究結(jié)果還表明,F(xiàn)2群體的不同農(nóng)藝性狀中均出現(xiàn)超親分離現(xiàn)象,說(shuō)明可在后代中篩選出超親性狀的優(yōu)良株系。變異系數(shù)是性狀遺傳多樣性的具體體現(xiàn),變異系數(shù)越大,遺傳背景越豐富,越有利于品種選育(Alizadeh et al.,2015)。此外,7個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀中,單株粒數(shù)的變異系數(shù)最大,為59.85%,表明單株粒數(shù)的遺傳多樣性最豐富,具有較大的改良潛力;生育天數(shù)的變異系數(shù)最小,為7.16%,表明其他性狀具有較小的變異性和較高的穩(wěn)定性。
Li等(2012)研究認(rèn)為,苦蕎開(kāi)花天數(shù)與株高呈顯著正相關(guān)。李月等(2013)研究認(rèn)為,苦蕎主莖分枝數(shù)與主莖節(jié)數(shù)和單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);主莖節(jié)數(shù)與株高和單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);株高與單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān)。汪燦等(2014)研究認(rèn)為,甜蕎株高與主莖節(jié)數(shù)和分枝數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);主莖節(jié)數(shù)與分枝數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);株高、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和分枝數(shù)與單株粒數(shù)無(wú)顯著相關(guān)。侯亞芳(2018)研究認(rèn)為,甜蕎株高與節(jié)數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)和單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);節(jié)數(shù)與一級(jí)分枝數(shù)和單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);一級(jí)分枝數(shù)與單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果表明,株高與主莖節(jié)數(shù)、一級(jí)分枝數(shù)、莖粗和單株粒數(shù)呈顯著正相關(guān);開(kāi)花天數(shù)與株高呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與前人的研究結(jié)果較相似,顯著水平存在差異是可能與環(huán)境不同有關(guān),而開(kāi)花天數(shù)和株高的相關(guān)性差異可能與材料不同有關(guān)。此外,孟第堯和張先煉(1998)研究認(rèn)為,在甜蕎新品種選育時(shí),應(yīng)以單株粒數(shù)、豐產(chǎn)株型和千粒重為主要選育目標(biāo)。本研究通過(guò)主成分分析將農(nóng)藝性狀分為株型因子和生殖因子2個(gè)成分,這2個(gè)決定因子從不同角度反映甜蕎各性狀間的關(guān)系,與孟第堯和張先煉(1998)研究結(jié)果基本一致。
4 結(jié)論
開(kāi)花天數(shù)、生育天數(shù)、主莖節(jié)數(shù)和莖粗的變異較小,穩(wěn)定性較高,而單株粒數(shù)、株高和一級(jí)分枝數(shù)的變異較高,穩(wěn)定性較低。在等花柱甜蕎與紅花甜蕎的雜交育種中應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)好生殖因子和株型因子的關(guān)系,要根據(jù)各性狀間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行有目的地選擇,有望獲得早熟高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的紅花甜蕎。
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(責(zé)任編輯 陳 燕)