楊定生
Module 9 Unit 3
Ⅰ. 重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1. object v. 反對(duì),不贊成
【課本原句】 When the Americans objected to this, the British would not compromise, but increased control over their American colonies instead, ... (L.24, P.34)當(dāng)美國(guó)人反對(duì)時(shí),英國(guó)人不但沒(méi)有讓步,反而加強(qiáng)了對(duì)美洲殖民地的控制,……
【點(diǎn)撥】 object v. 意為“(由于某種原因)反對(duì)/不贊成某事”,可用作及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面接介詞 against或to,再接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,即object to (doing) sth.意為“反對(duì),抗議 (做) 某事”。
We object to sending the pupils doing so much homework every day. 我們反對(duì)讓學(xué)生每天做那么多的家庭作業(yè)。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
My parents strongly_____my going to college out of our province, because they dont like my being far away from them.
A. submit toB. object to
C. cater toD. stick to
【答案與解析】 B。句意:我的父母親強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)我到省外上大學(xué),因?yàn)樗麄儾幌矚g我離開(kāi)他們。object to 反對(duì);物主代詞my 為動(dòng)作going...的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。其他選項(xiàng):submit to 服從,屈服;cater to 迎合;stick to 堅(jiān)持,均不合題意。
【常見(jiàn)搭配】
object that? 提出反對(duì)……的理由;提出異議……
raise an objection to... 對(duì)……提出異議
have an / no objection to... 反對(duì)/不反對(duì)……
I object that he is too young for the position. 我反對(duì)他的理由是他太年輕,不適合那個(gè)職位。
He raised an objection to the plan. 他對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃提出異議。
As far as I am concerned, I have an objection of charging for parking. 就我而言,我反對(duì)停車收費(fèi)。
【詞匯拓展】 objection n. 反對(duì) objective adj.? 真實(shí)的,客觀的,無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的
2. compromise vi. & n. 妥協(xié);讓步
【點(diǎn)撥】 compromise該詞除了用作vi. & n.,意為“妥協(xié);讓步” 外,還可用作 vt.,意為“和解;妥協(xié);折衷;連累;泄密”。
This is not a cavein; it is a compromise. (用作名詞)這不是屈服,而是和解。
If they are prepared to compromise, then we shall negotiate. (用作不及物動(dòng)詞)如果他們準(zhǔn)備妥協(xié),那么我們就談判。
He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles. (用作及物動(dòng)詞) 他寧愿一槍打死自己也不愿違背自己的原則。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
He did not_____easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approachB. wrestle
C. compromiseD. communicate
【答案與解析】 C。句意:雖然他不容易妥協(xié),但是為了值得奮斗的事業(yè),他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的意見(jiàn)。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析:approach 接近,走近,靠近;wrestle (與……)摔跤;斟酌; communicate 交流;均不合題意。
【常見(jiàn)搭配】
make a compromise 妥協(xié)
arrive at / work out / reach a compromise 達(dá)成妥協(xié)
compromise on 在……上妥協(xié)
compromise between 在……之間妥協(xié)
In real life, its nothing harmful to make a compromise and readily accept others opinions. 在生活里,做個(gè)妥協(xié)并且樂(lè)意接受勸告的人,也沒(méi)有什么不好。
We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards. 我們不愿在安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題上妥協(xié)。
Progress has been made towards a political compromise between the two nations. 兩國(guó)之間的政治和解已經(jīng)取得進(jìn)展。
【詞匯拓展】 compromising adj. 損害(名譽(yù)等)的;降低(身價(jià))的
3. submit v. 順從,屈服;提出,提交
【課本原句】 At this, the Americans demanded separation from Britain, and on 4 July 1776,they declared that they would no longer submit to British rules. (L.29,P.35)在這樣的情況下,美洲人要求從英國(guó)獨(dú)立,1776年7月4日,美洲人宣布他們不再屈從于英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治。
【點(diǎn)撥】 submit? vt. 常接oneself to...,意為:服從于……;后接sth. to... 意為:把……提交給……;vi. 意為:服從;屈服。
We have to submit ourselves to discipline. 我們必須遵守紀(jì)律。
He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council. 他將城市發(fā)展建議提交市議會(huì)。
He was losing the fight but he would not submit. 他戰(zhàn)敗了,但不屈服。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
Once you_____the online form, your application shall be processed within a week and you will get a reply afterwards.
A. preservedB. submit
C. prepared D. compromise
【答案與解析】 B。句意:一旦你在線提交了表格,你的申請(qǐng)會(huì)在一個(gè)星期內(nèi)得到審核,你很快會(huì)得到一個(gè)答復(fù)。該題為動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。preserved保存,保護(hù);prepared準(zhǔn)備; compromise妥協(xié),均不合題意。
【常見(jiàn)搭配】
submit (oneself) to... 服從……,順從……
submit... to... 向……提交……
submit to sb. / sth. / ving 向……屈服
submit that... 主張,認(rèn)為……
I was unwilling to submit (myself) to his orders. 我不愿意服從他的命令。
He submitted the report on the matter to the committee. 他向委員會(huì)提交了關(guān)于那個(gè)案件的報(bào)告。
No country would submit to being controlled by another country. 沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家甘受別國(guó)的控制。
I submit that this judgment is wrong. 我認(rèn)為這個(gè)判決是錯(cuò)誤的。
【詞匯拓展】 submissive 服從的;溫順的;submission 服從;投降;屈服
4. caution n.? 謹(jǐn)慎,小心;告誡
【課本原句】 ..., though on traffic signs it means that we should take caution. (L.18, P.46) ……,但在交通標(biāo)志上,黃色意味著我們要小心。
【點(diǎn)撥】 caution為名詞,常用短語(yǔ)take caution表達(dá)“小心”這樣的動(dòng)作, 另外,常用短語(yǔ)give sb. a caution 表達(dá)“告誡某人……”;短語(yǔ)with caution意為“小心地”。
With great caution, she opened the door and moved silently into the corridor. 她十分小心地打開(kāi)門(mén),輕手輕腳地走進(jìn)走廊。
I was given a caution for illegal parking. 我因違章停車受到警告。
caution 也可用作動(dòng)詞,后接sb. + against doing sth. 或not to do sth.,意為“警告/告誡 (某人)不要(做)……”; “caution + that從句”意為“警告……”。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
I would_____you against undue optimism.
A. caution B. cautious
C. cautionsD. caution to the winds
【答案與解析】 A。句意:我奉勸你不要過(guò)于樂(lè)觀。 在該題中,caution為動(dòng)詞,短語(yǔ)caution sb. against 警告/告誡 (某人) 不要 (做)……;而cautious 為形容詞,選項(xiàng)B,D 均不合題意。
【常見(jiàn)搭配】
caution sb. against doing sth. = caution sb. not to do sth. 警告/告誡(某人)不要(做)……
caution that 從句 警告……
The judge cautioned them against taking the law into their hands.
= The judge cautioned them not to take the law into their hands. 法官警告他們不要玩弄法律。
Researchers cautioned that the drug was only partly effective. 研究人員警告說(shuō)這種藥只在一定程度上有效。
【詞匯拓展】 caution v. 警告(某人);勸(某人)小心 cautious adj. 謹(jǐn)慎的,慎重的
be cautious about / of... 對(duì)……小心/慎重
5. date back to 追溯到,始于
【課本原句】 The flag, which is made up of a red band over a white one, is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century, which had nine red and white stripes. (L.40, P.35) 這面國(guó)旗由上紅下白的兩道彩條組成,是以十三世紀(jì)的九道紅白條的印尼國(guó)旗為基礎(chǔ)的。
【點(diǎn)撥】 date back to意為“追溯到,始于”;也可說(shuō)成 date from,在句中常用一般時(shí)態(tài),且無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用dating back to / from 作后置定語(yǔ),修飾某個(gè)名詞。
The history of this building dates back to the Second World War. 這幢建筑的歷史追溯到二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期。
This custom dates back to / from the Tang Dynasty. 這種風(fēng)俗可追溯到唐朝。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
The church,_____the 14th century, is still well preserved.
A. dates back to B. dating back to
C. that dates back to D. which dated back to
【答案與解析】 B。句意:這個(gè)教堂,追溯到14世紀(jì),仍然被保存得很好。句中dating back to作后置定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于which dates back to...。
Ⅱ. 重點(diǎn)句型與語(yǔ)法
【課本原句】 Therefore, the next time you choose your clothes, you should think more carefully about what colors to wear.(L.54,P.47)因此,下次你選擇衣服時(shí),你要更加仔細(xì)地考慮穿什么顏色。
【點(diǎn)撥】 在上句中,the next time 短語(yǔ),表示“每次,每當(dāng)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在實(shí)際使用中, 除了由when, while, as, before, after, since等詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),還常見(jiàn)下列幾種情況:
1. 由 every time, the first time,the last time,next time,any time, each time, the moment, the minute等名詞詞組都可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。意為:每次;第一次;上一次;下次;每……等。
Every time he goes shopping, he always spends some time choosing some new CDs. 每次上街,他都會(huì)花些時(shí)間挑選一些新CD片。
The first day I met her at school, I regarded her as my good friend. 第一天在學(xué)校遇見(jiàn)她,我就把她看成我的好朋友。
The moment he began to speak, I knew he was from Scotland or had lived there for years. 他一開(kāi)口,我就知道他來(lái)自于蘇格蘭或在那兒居住過(guò)多年。
2. 用directly / instantly / immediately作為連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“一……就……”(相當(dāng)于as soon as)。
Immediately she had gone, the boys started to mess about. (= As soon as she had gone...) 她一走,孩子們就開(kāi)始胡鬧了。
3. 在no sooner...than, hardly... when...等句式中,當(dāng)no sooner或 hardly位于句首時(shí),則句子要使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
→No sooner had he returned than he bought a house. 他一回來(lái)就買(mǎi)了一套房子。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
Tom rushed home_____he heard the news, only_____that his house had been burnt down.
A. as soon as; finding B. the minute; to find
C. the moment; find D. the time; found
【答案與解析】 B。句意:湯姆一聽(tīng)到這消息就跑回家,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已被燒毀。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的前半部分都可表示“一……就……”,作連詞;only to do表示“意料之外的結(jié)果”,故選B。
Module 9 Unit 4
Ⅰ. 重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1. strike? vt. 擊打;撞擊;罷工;襲擊
【課本原句】 In the dream, a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. (L.20, P.50) 在夢(mèng)里,一塊石頭飛向塑像,砸在了他的腳上。
【點(diǎn)撥】 strike 可用作動(dòng)詞也可用作名詞,且詞義和用法頗多。
(1) 用作動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)用法有:
1) 擊打,碰撞
He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳頭打桌子。
2) 攻擊;襲擊
A big earthquake struck that area last week. 上個(gè)星期一場(chǎng)大地震襲擊了那個(gè)地區(qū)。
3) 罷工 后接for / against 表目的
The union has voted to strike for higher pay. 工會(huì)投票決定罷工,要求加薪。
4) 突然想到(某人,某個(gè)主意)(=occur to)
An awful thought has just struck me. 剛才我腦子里突然閃過(guò)一個(gè)可怕的念頭。
5) (時(shí)鐘)敲響
We were waiting for the New Year clock to strike. 我們?cè)诘却履甑溺娐曧懫稹?/p>
(2) 用作名詞意為“罷工”,常見(jiàn)用法和搭配有:
go on strike 開(kāi)始罷工;be on strike 在罷工;go on / conduct a strike發(fā)動(dòng)罷工;carry on a strike 進(jìn)行罷工;put down a strike 鎮(zhèn)壓罷工
The railway workers went on strike for higher pay. 鐵路工人舉行罷工要求漲工資。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
What_____the photographer most was that a man had his dead wife tied to him and carried her home after the earthquake.
A. hitB. beat
C. struckD. seized
【答案與解析】 C。句意:打動(dòng)攝影者最深的是在地震后一個(gè)男子把他的亡妻綁在身上帶她回家。該題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。strike sb. 意為“打動(dòng)某人”;而hit擊中;beat 擊敗;敲打;seize抓住;均不合題意。
【常見(jiàn)搭配】
Strike while the iron is hot.? (諺)乘熱打鐵。
It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想到……
strike sb. + 介詞 + the + 身體部位 擊中某人的某個(gè)部位
【詞匯拓展】 strike n. 攻擊;罷工
strikern. 罷工者;前鋒
striking adj.? 引人注目的,顯著的
2. deliver vt. & vi. 遞送,運(yùn)送;發(fā)表(演講),宣布
【課本原句】 He also has twelve reindeer that help him deliver presents on Christmas Eve. (P.58)他還有十二只馴鹿幫他在平安夜分送禮物。
【點(diǎn)撥】 deliver 可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“遞送,運(yùn)送;發(fā)表(演講),宣布”;同時(shí),常用deliver sth. (to sb.),意為“投遞/傳送某物(給某人)”
Leaflets have been delivered to every household. 傳單已發(fā)送到每家每戶。
She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering. 根據(jù)安排她要作一個(gè)關(guān)于遺傳工程的演講。
【考點(diǎn)鏈接】
The headmaster will_____a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.
A. deliverB. address
C. announceD. declare
【答案與解析】 A。句意:校長(zhǎng)今天下午將向來(lái)訪的客人做演講。該題考查固定搭配。deliver a speech / lecture 意為“發(fā)表講話/演講”。
【常見(jiàn)搭配】
deliver sb. / sth. over to sb. 把……移交給某人
be delivered of = give birth to 生孩子,分娩
deliver... from... 把……解救出來(lái)
deliver on 實(shí)現(xiàn)(期望);履行(諾言)
deliver over / up to 向……交出……
At last they delivered the fort over to the enemy. 最后他們拱手把城堡交給了敵人。
She was delivered of a healthy baby. 她生下了一個(gè)健康的嬰兒。