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      Rome:The Eternal City I永恒之城:羅馬(一)

      2020-05-19 15:06Lily
      瘋狂英語·初中版 2020年3期
      關(guān)鍵詞:李維所在地羅馬

      Lily

      羅馬擁有2,800多年的建城歷史,為意大利文藝復興中心,現(xiàn)今仍保存有相當豐富的文藝復興與巴洛克風貌古跡,被稱為“永恒之城”。

      Rome is the capital city and special1)commune of Italy.Rome also serves asthe capital of the Lazio region.With morethan 2 million 2)residents in 1,285 km2 ,it is also the country's most populated commune .It is the third most populouscity in the European Union by population within city limits.Rome is located in thecentral-western portion of the Italian

      Peninsula, within Lazio, along the shores of the Tiber.

      1) commune ['kDmju:n】n.行政區(qū);公社

      2) resident ['rezidant]n.居民

      Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman 3)mythology dates the founding ofRome at around 753 BC, the site has been 4)inhabited for much longer, making it one ofthe oldest continuously 5)occupied cities in EUrope.The city's early population originatedfrom a mix of Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines. Eventually, the city successively becamethe capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and isregarded by many as the first ever Imperial City and metropolis. It was first called TheEternal City by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression wasalso taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy*. Rome is also called"Caput Mundi". After the fall ofWestern Roman Empire, which marked the be ginning of the Middle Ages, Rome slowly fellunder the political control of the Papacy, and in the 8th century it became the capital of thePapal States, which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance, almost all popessince Nicholas V 1447-1455 pursued a 6)coharent architectural and urban programme overfour hundred years, aimed at making the city the artistic and cultural centre of the world.In this way, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance, andthen the birthplace of both the Baroque styleand Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters,7)sculptors and architects made Rome the centreof their activity, creating 8)masterpieces throughoutthe city. In 1871, Rome became the capital of the

      3) mythology [mi'oolad3i]n.神話

      4) inhabit[in'haebit]v.棲息,居住

      5) occupy ['Dkjupai]v.占用

      6) coherent [kao'hiarant] adj.連貫的,一致的

      7) sculptor ['skAlpta(r)]n.雕刻家

      8) masterpiece ['ma:stapi:s]n.杰作Kingdom of Italy, which, in 1946, became the ItaIian Republic.

      As of 2020 Jan.1, Rome is ranked as an Alpha global city by the Globalization andWorld Cities Research Network. In 2019, Rome was the 11th most visited city in the world,third most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist destination in ItaIy.Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Host city for the 1960Summer Olympics, Rome is also the seat of several specialized 9)agencies of the UnitedNations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Food Programme andthe International Fund for Agricultural Development. The city also hosts the Secretariat ofthe Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean as well as the headquartersof many international business companies such as Eni, Enel, TIM, and national andinternational banks such as Unicredit and BNL. Rome's EUR business district is the homeof many companies involved in the oil industry, the 10)pharmaceutical industry, and financialservices. The presence of renowned international brands in the city have made Rome animportant centre of fashion and design, and the Cinecitta Studios have been the set ofmany Academy Award-winning movies.

      9) agency ['eid3ansi]n.代理處,代理

      10)pharmaceutical [,fa:ma'su:tikl] adj.制藥(學)的

      羅馬是意大利的首都,是一個特別行政區(qū),也是拉齊奧大區(qū)的首府。在1285平方千米的土地上有著200多萬名居民的羅馬,擁有最多的居民區(qū),也是整個歐盟人口第三多的城市。羅馬位于意大利半島的中西部,在拉齊奧大區(qū)內(nèi),市區(qū)跨臺伯河兩岸。

      羅馬的歷史跨越28個世紀。雖然羅馬的建成可以追溯到公元前753年,但這個地方有人居住的時間還要再往前追溯更久,是歐洲有人居住的最古老城市之一。這座城市最早的居民是拉丁人、伊特魯里亞人和薩賓人的混血。最終,這座城市相繼成為羅馬王國、羅馬共和國和羅馬帝國的首都,并被許多人視為有史以來第一個帝國城市和大都會。公元前1世紀詩人提布魯斯稱羅馬為永恒之城,奧維德、維吉爾和李維也這樣認為*。羅馬又被稱為“世界之都”。西羅馬帝國的滅亡標志著中世紀的開始,此后羅馬逐漸落入教皇的政治控制之下,并在8世紀成為了教皇國的首都,直到1870年。從文藝復興開始時,自尼古拉斯五世(1447-1455)以來,在400多年的時間里幾乎所有教皇都在追求一個連貫的建筑和城市規(guī)劃,旨在使這座城市成為世界的藝術(shù)和文化中心。就這樣,羅馬首先成為意大利文藝復興的主要中心之一,然后成為巴洛克風格和新古典主義的發(fā)源地,眾多著名的藝術(shù)家、畫家、雕塑家和建筑師們將羅馬作為活動中心,在整個城市開展杰出的創(chuàng)造。1871年,羅馬成為意大利王國的首都,1946年成為意大利共和國首都。

      截至2020年1月1日,羅馬被“全球化和世界城市研究網(wǎng)絡”評為世界一線城市。2019年,羅馬是世界上第11大旅游城市,歐盟第三大旅游城市,也是意大利人最受歡迎的旅游目的地。羅馬歷史中心被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。羅馬還是1960年夏季奧林匹克運動會的主辦城市,也是聯(lián)合國若干專門機構(gòu)的所在地,例如糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織、世界糧食計劃署和國際農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)基金。這座城市還是地中海聯(lián)盟議會秘書處的所在地,也是許多國際商業(yè)公司總部的所在地,例如意大利埃尼集團、意大利國家電力公司、意大利電信移動公司,同時也是許多國家和國際銀行所在地,例如裕信銀行、意大利國民勞動銀行。羅馬的歐元商業(yè)區(qū)是許多從事石油工業(yè)、制藥業(yè)和金融服務公司的所在地。國際著名品牌在羅馬誕生,使羅馬成為時尚和設計的世界中心,而且諸多在奇尼奇塔影視基地拍攝制作的電影常常在奧斯卡上獲獎。

      *注:奧維德(約前43-18),維吉爾(前70-前19),古羅馬詩人。

      李維(前59-17),古羅馬歷史學家。

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