科佩爾中央公園

ENOTA事務(wù)所

科佩爾中央公園位于皮蘭斯卡大街和塞梅德拉濱海步道之間，同時(shí)也和大運(yùn)河及城市市場(chǎng)相鄰。皮蘭斯卡大街代表了城鎮(zhèn)基礎(chǔ)

設(shè)施發(fā)展的一個(gè)新階段，而塞梅德拉濱海步道是科佩爾最重要的特色街道之一，它曾經(jīng)是連接島嶼和陸地之間的一條紐帶。這條路線連接了大海與鹽池，在過(guò)去的幾十年里，曾經(jīng)的鹽池區(qū)隨著城市發(fā)展逐漸被填滿，重新恢復(fù)后的土地為城市發(fā)展帶來(lái)了巨大潛力。現(xiàn)在，這些土地已有部分建成使用，但還有大量的未利用土地和一些正在建設(shè)的區(qū)域。

1 科佩爾中央公園一期平面圖Koper Central Park phase I layout

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰Aerial view

項(xiàng)目所在地緊鄰街道和大海，這是一個(gè)非常重要的空間特質(zhì)。場(chǎng)地部分被城市市場(chǎng)后方的大型停車(chē)場(chǎng)所占據(jù)。從更高的層面來(lái)看，此地是游客到達(dá)斯洛文尼亞海岸后與大海首次接觸的地方，也是科佩爾鎮(zhèn)與伊佐拉鎮(zhèn)通向?yàn)I海區(qū)域的起始點(diǎn)。只有對(duì)整個(gè)濱海步道進(jìn)行全面、綜合的規(guī)劃，才能在視覺(jué)和功能上將2個(gè)獨(dú)立的城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域連接成為一個(gè)符合邏輯的整體。

新中央公園覆蓋了一個(gè)十分開(kāi)闊的區(qū)域，因此它的設(shè)計(jì)可以作為進(jìn)一步干預(yù)的原型。密集的腹地綠化作為新的干預(yù)措施，不僅提供了一個(gè)統(tǒng)一且有吸引力的外觀，還掩蓋了周邊建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的異質(zhì)性。城市海灘與現(xiàn)代中央公園的元素融合，鼓勵(lì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衽c游客以不同的方式參與到空間的使用和體驗(yàn)中。

中央公園新置入的基本建筑模塊是一系列統(tǒng)一、起伏的元素。它們被精確地放置在場(chǎng)地中，結(jié)合明顯的綠色地形，將整個(gè)公園的表面柔和地劃分成多個(gè)獨(dú)立的內(nèi)向式小島。各個(gè)建筑模塊的設(shè)計(jì)都有不同的方案。在某些地方，它們比較高，起到阻擋視線與隔離周邊嘈雜環(huán)境的作用；在另一些地方，它們比較低，使區(qū)域間的交通暢通連接。起伏的建筑模塊在場(chǎng)地中形成了觀景場(chǎng)地、兒童的障礙訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)、攀巖墻、濱海酒吧背景墻、音樂(lè)會(huì)場(chǎng)地、兒童游樂(lè)場(chǎng)以及閱讀區(qū)等。由于靠近大海，場(chǎng)地有多樣化的與水相關(guān)的元素，比如水池、地面灑水設(shè)施、間歇泉、拋物線射水裝置、小跌水以及與建筑模塊相結(jié)合的水景平臺(tái)等。這些元素鼓勵(lì)人們積極地使用空間，并有助于未來(lái)將海灘向公園內(nèi)部延伸。

景觀設(shè)計(jì)中僅使用了本土的地中海植物。高大的喬木有策略地排布在場(chǎng)地中，與公園兩側(cè)現(xiàn)有的樹(shù)林相呼應(yīng)補(bǔ)充，不僅為功能區(qū)提供了蔭蔽，還為公園區(qū)域提供了一道屏障，使其免于受到周邊環(huán)境的干擾。為了增強(qiáng)空間使用的多樣性，這個(gè)新的中央公園并沒(méi)有設(shè)置傳統(tǒng)的人行步道，而是在入口區(qū)以及預(yù)計(jì)地面使用率較高的區(qū)域鋪設(shè)嵌入草坪的磚面，從而讓游客自由定義行走路徑以及對(duì)空間的使用方式。一段時(shí)間后，如果公園要增加新的元素，或者形成了在最初設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)沒(méi)有預(yù)想到的路徑，這樣的鋪設(shè)形式也便于對(duì)其進(jìn)行調(diào)整或重新布局。

3 科佩爾公園局部鳥(niǎo)瞰Aerial view of part of Koper Central Park

4 綠化種植Greenery

5 混凝土沙丘Concrete dunes

中央公園充滿創(chuàng)新的布局形式對(duì)科佩爾市的居民來(lái)說(shuō)是一筆重要的財(cái)富，因?yàn)樗_(kāi)發(fā)了一套目前城市規(guī)劃無(wú)法達(dá)成的模式。新的中央公園是一個(gè)受歡迎的地方，它以獨(dú)特的形式與空間組織方式，打破了公園設(shè)計(jì)的既有形式?？婆鍫栔醒牍珗@為附近更大范圍的開(kāi)發(fā)提供了適用性依據(jù)，同時(shí)也為斯洛文尼亞其他衰敗的海岸區(qū)提供了一個(gè)成功的更新發(fā)展范例。

（編輯/王一蘭）

項(xiàng)目：科佩爾中央公園

類型：邀請(qǐng)賽 一等獎(jiǎng)

設(shè)計(jì)年份：2016年

狀態(tài)：2018年建成

場(chǎng)地：26 000 m2

造價(jià)：3 000 000歐元

委托方：科佩爾市

地址：斯洛文尼亞，科佩爾

坐標(biāo)：45°32’38.6”N 13°43’23.8”E

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：ENOTA

項(xiàng)目組成員：Dean Lah, Milan Tomac, Peter Sovinc, Polona Rupar?i?, Peter Karba, Jakob

綠化：Spicy Garden

合作方：Ivan Ram?ak s.p.（結(jié)構(gòu)工程），Nom biro（機(jī)械裝置），Nom biro（電氣裝置）

攝影：Miran Kambi?

翻譯：朱藝寧

校對(duì)：錢(qián)蕾西

New Koper Urban Park is set between Piranska Road and the Semedela promenade, and between the Grande canal and the area just beyond the city market. Piranska Road represents a new stage in the development of the town’s infrastructure while the promenade is one of the more important features of the town having once acted as the link between the city on the then-island and the mainland. As such, it counts among the characteristic elements in the panorama of Koper. The connection ran between the sea and the salt ponds. As the city developed during the past decades, the former salt-pond area was gradually filled in. The land thus recovered represented a major development potential for the town. Nowadays, these surfaces are partially built, but there are still extensive unoccupied surfaces, including the area under consideration.

6 小看臺(tái)Small tribunes

7 混凝土沙丘Concrete dunes

8 大看臺(tái)與湖面Large tribune with lake

The key characteristic of the area is the immediate connection with the promenade and the sea, which is to be recognised as a significant spatial quality. The area is partially occupied by a large car park behind the city market. In the broader context, the area represents the first contact with the sea for the visitors to the Slovene coast, and it represents the starting point of the riviera between the towns of Koper and Izola. Only a comprehensive and co-ordinated treatment of the entire belt along the promenade will be able to visually and functionally connect the two currently separate parts of the town into a logical whole.

The area of the new city park covers a sizeable portion of the wider site and its design can thus serve as a prototype for further interventions. The new intervention offers a uniform and attractive appearance, and with its intensive hinterland greenery, it drowns the heterogeneity of the surrounding built structures. The fusing of the elements of a city beach and a contemporary city park encourages the area’s residents and visitors to use the space in different ways.

9 休息區(qū)Sitting area

The basic building blocks of the new city park are monolithic, undulating urban elements. Their controlled placement in the space in combination with a pronounced topography of the green surfaces softly divides the whole of the park’s surface into individual introverted programme isles. The design of the individual urban elements consistently follows the different programmes. In places, they are taller and act as a shelter from views and the noisy surroundings; elsewhere, they are lower and allow for an unimpeded contact between programme zones. The organically designed urban elements form stands for viewers, an obstacle course for children, climbing walls, a backdrop to a seaside bar, a concert venue, a children’s playground, a reading area, and more. Due to the proximity of the sea, the programme zones are appointed with numerous water elements. A pond, ground sprinklers, a geyser, parabolic water jets, cascades and a water platform in combination with the variegated urban elements encourage an active use of the space and an expansion of the future beach towards the interior of the park.

The planted portion of the landscape design is laid out only with indigenous Mediterranean vegetation. The strategically arranged tall growth complements the existing tree lanes on both edges of the park, gives shade to the individual programme zones, and offers the park area additional protection from the impacts of the surroundings. In order to encourage as much diversity in the use of its space, the new city park doesn’t feature traditionally designed footpaths. Interlocking paving with a free arrangement of grass-coloured tiles is limited to the access points and the sections of the park where a more intensive use of the ground is expected. In this way, the visitors define their own path and their own manner of using the space. In case new content is added to the park, or if obvious desire lines are formed, which is very difficult to predict initially, this manner of paving enables an easy rearrangement of the compacted surfaces at a later time.

The innovative layout of the city park is a great new asset for the citizens of Koper as it enables the development of programmes which the city presently cannot offer. The new park is an attraction and with its unique form and the manner of spatial organisation, it transcends a merely functional park regulation. It represents a prototype for further designing of the wider area, as well as motivation for development-oriented attitudes in regard to other sections of the Slovene seacoast currently in a state of decay.