高考中的主旨大意題

晏敏

摘要：主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，主要用來(lái)考查考生對(duì)文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。主旨大意題是學(xué)生容易失分的題型，筆者通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年的高考進(jìn)行研究，本文中對(duì)不同文體的主旨大意題分類進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。

關(guān)鍵詞：高考英語(yǔ);主旨大意題;教法

中圖分類號(hào)：G632.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1992-7711（2019）06-0118

主旨大意題常見(jiàn)的命題形式有：1.What is the main idea of the passage？2. What is the best title for the passage？3. What is the purpose of this article？

一、新聞報(bào)道

新聞報(bào)道因?yàn)槠湮捏w的特殊性，主旨大意題通常出現(xiàn)在第一段。因此，找到一個(gè)最能概括第一段內(nèi)容的答案則為正確答案。

Passage 1

A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a

serious allergic （過(guò)敏的） reaction which stopped his heart.

42. Why does the author write the news？

A. To describe a serious accident. B. To prove the importance of CPR.

C. To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act. D. To call people's attention to allergic reaction.

由文章第一段可指，文章將報(bào)道一個(gè)小女孩救父親的勇敢行為，故答案為C。

二、應(yīng)用文

高考中的應(yīng)用文通常為廣告、旅游景點(diǎn)介紹、電視節(jié)目介紹等。讀者想想為什么作者寫廣告，為什么要介紹旅游景點(diǎn)電視節(jié)目等。所以，應(yīng)用文通常考的是寫作目的，通常應(yīng)用文的寫作目的是為了吸引旅客、推銷產(chǎn)品等。

Passage 2

Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life？

If yes， don't care about sex or age！ Come and join us， then you'll make it！

Position： Volunteer Social Care Assistant

（No Pay with Free Meals）

Place： Manchester

Hours： Part Time

We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives！ Only 4 days left. Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others！

31. The text is meant to ________

A. leave a noteB. send an invitation

C. present a documentD. carry an advertisement

根據(jù)相關(guān)段落和應(yīng)該文文體特點(diǎn)，可知正確答案為D.

三、說(shuō)明文

全國(guó)卷的主旨大意題主要是說(shuō)明文。說(shuō)明文是用來(lái)傳授知識(shí)，說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的，包括科普性文章和研究報(bào)告。讀者需要明白作者想要告訴你什么，特別注意第一段，每段的首句。注意單詞“research， study， evidence， show， conclude， suggest”等。

Passage 3

If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21， but since it has caught on， events now spread out over most of October around Britain.

Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see， and often taste， a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets， it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence， such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special， its still worth a try， as is the knobbly（多疙瘩的） Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.

There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette， but youll need a warm， sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it， so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

At the events， you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions， and because these are family affairs， children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.

Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit， including stately gardens and commercial orchards（果園）.If you want to have a real orchard experience， try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale， near Faversham in Kent.

11.What is the authors purpose in writing the text

A. To show how to grow apples.B .To introduce an apple festival.

C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.

通過(guò)閱讀第一段和每段和第一句，可知作者向我們介紹了一個(gè)節(jié)日，故答案為B

四、議論文

議論文的主旨大意題通常分為兩種。第一種是標(biāo)題類，通常第一段會(huì)交代文章議論了什么問(wèn)題。第二種是文章想要說(shuō)服你相信什么，第二種注意“in my opinion， I believe， I am against， but， yet， however”等詞匯。

五、記敘文

記敘文通常是一個(gè)故事或者一次經(jīng)歷，有時(shí)候用一個(gè)故事激勵(lì)讀者。記敘文通常要閱讀全文才能得出主旨大意。閱讀時(shí)注意文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，特別注意最后一段的情感升華。

以上是從五種不同的文體介紹了判斷文章主旨的主要方法，真正要熟練運(yùn)用這些方法還需要反復(fù)練習(xí)。還需要在大量的閱讀實(shí)踐中不斷思考、總結(jié)，得出自己的體會(huì)。

（作者單位：湖南省岳陽(yáng)市第十五中學(xué) 414000）