陳柏超 周興隆 羅垚 朱遠(yuǎn)哲
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of large volume and large floor space of traditional multi-tuned passive filters, a design method of compact multi-tuned filter considering the coupling between coils was proposed. Starting from the function of complex impedance, the circuit form of the traditional multi-tuned passive filter was obtained, and the circuit with the coupling relationship between the inductors equivalent to the former was established. Through the decoupling of the coupled inductor and the equivalent relationship with the traditional filter circuit, the nonlinear equations of the coil geometric parameters were established, and the design result of the compact three-tuned filter with coils coaxially placed was obtained. The simulation of the designed compact filter was carried out and the experimental prototype was fabricated. The simulation and experimental results show that this compact multi-tuned filter reduces the area occupation of the coils and also has good filtering performance.
Keywords:harmonic analysis; passive filters; Cauer filters; coupled circuits; inductance; nonlinear equations
0 引 言
近年來,由于電力電子裝置等非線性設(shè)備大量接入電力系統(tǒng),電力諧波問題越來越突出,諧波治理成為了一個重要話題。在眾多的諧波治理手段中,安裝電力濾波器是目前效果最顯著、應(yīng)用最廣泛的方案[1-6]。雖然有源濾波器具有良好的諧波抑制和動態(tài)補(bǔ)償效果,但其價格昂貴、安裝容量受開關(guān)容量的限制,不適合在高電壓、大容量的場合使用,因此在很多場合中仍然需要使用到傳統(tǒng)的無源濾波器進(jìn)行諧波治理[7-9]。而在目前較為流行的混合型濾波裝置中,無源濾波部分也是十分重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)[10-12],因此無源濾波器的設(shè)計仍然是電力濾波器研究中的重要部分。
LC濾波器是電力系統(tǒng)中最常用的無源濾波器,其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、價格低廉、效果良好。傳統(tǒng)的LC濾波器通常由調(diào)諧多個頻率的LC支路構(gòu)成,電路拓?fù)渲泻卸鄠€電感線圈。在設(shè)計傳統(tǒng)的多調(diào)諧濾波器時,通常不會將線圈間的互感考慮進(jìn)去,并且在實際工程布置的過程中,采取了將線圈分開布置的方式(如品字形布置),以消除線圈間互感,保證濾波器的濾波效果[13-15]。本文提出了一種互感耦合式多調(diào)諧濾波器設(shè)計思路,在設(shè)計過程中考慮了電感線圈間的耦合,恰當(dāng)?shù)匕才啪€圈間的互感關(guān)系,使得整組線圈可集中布置,在保持優(yōu)良的濾波性能的同時,很大程度地減小了濾波器占地面積,粗略估計,對于一組n調(diào)諧濾波器,其電感線圈的占地面積僅需傳統(tǒng)方案的1/n。
本文首先以三調(diào)諧濾波器為例,介紹了互感耦合式多調(diào)諧濾波器的基本設(shè)計思路,并給出了一組按照此方法設(shè)計的三調(diào)諧濾波器參數(shù)。根據(jù)該參數(shù),本文在Matlab/SIMULINK軟件中搭建了相應(yīng)的仿真模型,驗證了設(shè)計參數(shù)的合理性,并給出了理想諧波源條件下,濾波器的在線濾波仿真結(jié)果,初步驗證了設(shè)計思路的可行性。最后,本文對一臺依據(jù)此思路制造的三調(diào)諧濾波器樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了在線濾波仿真實驗,進(jìn)一步證明了該設(shè)計思路的可行性和有效性。
1 互感耦合式濾波器設(shè)計思路
4 結(jié) 論
本文主要以一臺具體的三調(diào)諧濾波器的設(shè)計過程為例介紹了互感耦合式電力濾波器的設(shè)計思路,可以看出,所設(shè)計的濾波器線圈由一組結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的同軸圓盤線圈組成,大大減小了線圈的占地面積。Matlab仿真結(jié)果表明,本文所設(shè)計的三調(diào)諧耦合電力濾波器在減小了線圈體積的同時,仍對3、5、7次諧波有良好的濾波效果,基本達(dá)到設(shè)計要求。而在線濾波器樣機(jī)試驗進(jìn)一步證明了該設(shè)計思路的可行性和有效性。
值得指出的是,本文提出的設(shè)計方法可將互感耦合濾波器的電感部分和電容部分互相獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行處理,這樣才能使此種高度耦合的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)成為可能。若在求解非線性方程組時將電容也作為未知參數(shù)一并考慮,則對應(yīng)方程組的復(fù)雜程度將極大增加,這將導(dǎo)致方程組的求解幾乎不可能實現(xiàn),從而由本設(shè)計思路也就不可能實際地設(shè)計出一臺互感耦合濾波器了。
互感耦合式多調(diào)諧濾波器相較傳統(tǒng)的無源濾波器體積大大減小,可在占地面積較小的情況下,達(dá)到良好的濾波效果,應(yīng)用范圍將更加廣泛。配合有源裝置對該濾波器的動態(tài)性能進(jìn)行改善后,理論上可針對任意不同應(yīng)用場合設(shè)計并制造出緊湊型混合濾波裝置,實現(xiàn)設(shè)備的小型化。
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(編輯:劉琳琳)