冷臺(tái)干凍法在病理切片中的應(yīng)用

吳王飛 顧蕓

摘要：目的 ?探討如何提高常規(guī)病理切片質(zhì)量的技術(shù)和方法，防止組織冷凍過度影響切片質(zhì)量及蠟塊水分的進(jìn)入。方法 ?收集2017年3月～12月南京市婦幼保健院病理科常規(guī)制片中的蠟塊4000個(gè)，每日選取類似的組織隨機(jī)平均分為兩組：濕凍法組共2000個(gè)蠟塊都使用傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范的冷臺(tái)冷凍法進(jìn)行制片;干凍法組共2000個(gè)蠟塊，切片時(shí)都將蠟塊反過來進(jìn)行冷臺(tái)冷凍法制片。對(duì)比兩組制片的效果及切片質(zhì)量不良發(fā)生率。結(jié)果 ?干凍法組制片中各組織切片完整、厚薄均勻，無裂隙、皺褶且蠟塊組織表面無水分的進(jìn)入。而濕凍法組中有一些組織切面不完整，有裂隙和顫痕，且切片的時(shí)候蠟塊組織表面易有水分的進(jìn)入，蠟塊組織表面時(shí)有發(fā)白現(xiàn)象，尤其是以宮內(nèi)物以及一些含血較多的組織比較明顯。干凍法組切片質(zhì)量不良發(fā)生率低于濕凍法組（1.90% vs 7.80%），差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 ?使用冷臺(tái)“干凍法”進(jìn)行制片更好的提高了切片的質(zhì)量，而且有效的避免了蠟塊組織水分的進(jìn)入，保證了切片質(zhì)量和蠟塊的保存。

關(guān)鍵詞：干凍法;冷臺(tái);切片;質(zhì)量分析

中圖分類號(hào)：R197.39 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.18.062

文章編號(hào)：1006-1959（2019）18-0175-03

Abstract：Objective ?To explore techniques and methods for improving the quality of conventional pathological sections to prevent tissue freezing from affecting the quality of the sections and the moisture ingress of the wax blocks. Methods ?A total of 4000 wax blocks were collected from the routine preparations of the Department of Pathology， Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March to December 2017. The daily average of similar tissues was randomly divided into two groups： 2000 freezers were used. The traditional standard cold table freezing method is used for tableting; the dry freezing method group has a total of 2000 wax blocks， and the wax blocks are reversely processed for cold plate freezing. The effect of the two groups of tablets and the incidence of poor slice quality were compared. Results ?The tissue sections in the dry frozen method were intact， uniform in thickness， free of cracks， wrinkles and no moisture on the surface of the wax block. However， some tissues in the wet freezing method are incomplete， with cracks and trembling marks， and the surface of the wax block is easy to enter when the slice is formed， and the surface of the wax block is whitish， especially in the uterus. And some tissues with more blood are more obvious. The incidence of poor quality of the dry frozen group was lower than that of the wet frozen group （1.90% vs 7.80%），the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion ?The use of cold table "dry freeze method" for tableting better improves the quality of the slice， and effectively avoids the entry of wax block tissue moisture， ensuring the quality of the slice and the preservation of the wax block.