陳千財 佀國涵 謝媛圓
摘要:通過田間試驗研究了氮、磷、鉀用量對西蘭花產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和養(yǎng)分利用率的影響。結(jié)果表明,隨著施氮量(240~480 kg/hm2)的增加,西蘭花產(chǎn)量、生物量和干物質(zhì)量均呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的變化趨勢,以330~405 kg/hm2施氮量最高。當?shù)?、磷、鉀用量分別超過330、135和255 kg/hm2時,對產(chǎn)量的增加效果有限。330~405 kg/hm2施氮量能夠獲得較高的氮、磷、鉀累積量,磷、鉀用量分別超過135和255 kg/hm2時會降低植株氮素累積量,但對磷、鉀累積量的影響不顯著。施氮量為240~405 kg/hm2時氮肥利用率和氮肥農(nóng)學利用率分別達到了43.10%~47.66%和16.25~16.72 kg/kg。施氮量的增加促進了西蘭花硝酸鹽的累積,但是降低維生素C含量,而糖酸比和灰分則呈現(xiàn)先降低后增加的變化趨勢??傊?,在磷、鉀用量分別為135和255 kg/hm2的基礎(chǔ)上,施氮量為330~405 kg/hm2時,西蘭花能夠獲得較好的產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和氮肥利用效率。
關(guān)鍵詞:產(chǎn)量;質(zhì)量;養(yǎng)分累積量;氮肥利用率;農(nóng)學利用率
中圖分類號:S635.3? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:0439-8114(2019)14-0046-05
Abstracts: Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) amount on yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency of broccoli. The results showed that with the increase of N application (240~480 kg/hm2), the yield, biomass and dry matter of broccoli increased first and then decreased, and the highest N application rate was 330~405 kg/hm2. When the amount of N, P and K exceeded 330, 135 and 255 kg/hm2,respectively, the effect of yield improvement was limited. N application with 330~405 kg/hm2 could obtain higher N, P and K accumulation. When P and K application exceeded 135 and 255 kg/hm2,respectively, the N accumulation of plant reduced, but the effect on P and K accumulation was not significant. Nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic use efficiency reached 43.10%~47.66% and 16.25~16.72 kg/kg respectively with 240~405 kg/hm2 of N application. Nitrogen application increased nitrate accumulation in broccoli, but decreased vitamin C content, while sugar-acid ratio and ash content decreased first and then increased. In a word, broccoli can obtain better yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency when the amount of P and K was 135 and 255 kg/hm2,respectively, and with the 330~405 kg/hm2 of N application.
Key words: yield; quality; nutrient accumulation; nitrogen use efficiency; agronomic use efficiency
西蘭花(Brassica oleracea var. italica)又名青花菜等,其營養(yǎng)豐富具有較高食療功效[1],已成為各國消費者喜愛的高檔蔬菜[2]。研究表明,施肥是影響青花菜產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的重要因素[3,4]。增施氮肥可提高青花菜產(chǎn)量,在施氮(N)肥基礎(chǔ)上適當配施磷(P)鉀(K)肥增產(chǎn)效果更好[5-7]。氮、磷、鉀最適用量方面的研究差異較大,浙東沿海綠雄90西蘭花對N+P+K組合互作最佳需求量為881 kg/hm2,即為純N 489 kg/hm2、P2O5 191 kg/hm2、K2O 201 kg/hm2[7]。而優(yōu)秀品種的氮、磷、鉀需求量為555 kg/hm2,即為純N 277.5 kg/hm2、P2O5 111 kg/hm2、K2O 166.5 kg/hm2[7]。張朝軒等[8,9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)上海城郊西蘭花最適氮、磷、鉀用量分別為371.35、102.66和172.04 kg/hm2。郭有福等[10]通過西蘭花肥效研究認為高原地區(qū)最佳施肥量為純N 520.84 kg/hm2、P2O5 141.3 kg/hm2和K2O 68.0 kg/hm2。由此可見,品種對施肥的影響比較大。雖然在西蘭花施肥方面開展了大量的研究,但是主要分布在河北、寧夏、上海和甘肅等?。ㄊ校﹨^(qū)。