2019年6月CATTI二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題（漢譯英）

林巍

Passage 1

[1] 預(yù)計(jì)到2020年，全國(guó)60歲以上老年人口將增加到2.55億人左右，占總?cè)丝诒戎靥嵘?7.8%左右;高齡老年人將增加到2900萬(wàn)人左右，獨(dú)居老人將增加到1.18億人左右。

[2] 涉老法規(guī)政策系統(tǒng)性、協(xié)調(diào)性、針對(duì)性、可操作性有待增強(qiáng);城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展和養(yǎng)老體系建設(shè)不均衡問(wèn)題突出;養(yǎng)老服務(wù)有效供給不足，質(zhì)量效益不高，人才隊(duì)伍短缺。

[3] 規(guī)劃提出目標(biāo)，到2020年，老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展整體水平明顯提升，養(yǎng)老體系更加健全完善。社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)、社會(huì)福利、社會(huì)救助等社會(huì)保障制度和公益慈善事業(yè)有效銜接，老年人的基本生活、基本醫(yī)療、基本照護(hù)等需求得到切實(shí)保障。

[4] 老齡事業(yè)發(fā)展和養(yǎng)老體系建設(shè)的法治化、信息化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化程度明顯提高。市場(chǎng)活力和社會(huì)創(chuàng)造力得到充分激發(fā)，養(yǎng)老服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品供給主體更加多元、內(nèi)容更加豐富、質(zhì)量更加優(yōu)良，以信用為核心的新型市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管機(jī)制建立完善。老年人合法權(quán)益得到有效保護(hù)，老年人參與社會(huì)發(fā)展的條件持續(xù)改善。

【參考譯文】

[1] It is expected that by 2020， the population aged over 60 will increase to about 255 million， accounting for approximately 17.8% of China’s total population. In the meantime， the number of the elderly will increase to about 29 million， while the number of the elderly living alone will increase to about 118 million.

[2] However， the current situation requires our urgent attention. Policies， regulations and laws concerning the elderly ought to be systematized， coordinated， specific and more practical; the development of urban， rural and regional ageing cause and the establishment of a service system are severely unbalanced; the elderly care service is inadequate， of low quality and suffering a shortage of talent in its team.

[3] The Plan sets certain targets： By 2020， the overall level of ageing cause will be obviously improved， the elderly care service substantially perfected. At the same time， social security systems （such as social insurance， social welfare and social assistance） will be effectively linked with public welfare and charity， so as to efficiently meet the demands of the elders’ basic conditions of living， medical care and nursing.

[4] Societally， significant progress will be made in legislation for and computerization， standardization and normalization of the old-age care undertaking and the pension system. With market vitality and social creativity being fully invigorated， the provision of pension services and products will be further diversified with more abundant supply and better quality. Meanwhile， a new market supervision mechanism with credit at its core will be fully established. As a result， the elders’ legitimate rights will also be more effectively protected， as conditions for them to participate in social development continuously improve.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

[1]中，“高齡老年人”不是一個(gè)精確的概念，各國(guó)、各時(shí)期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不相同，似可用aging advanced population、old old等，但此處不妨統(tǒng)稱為the elderly。同時(shí)，其中涉及許多數(shù)字，因中英文里的計(jì)量單位不同，其換算需十分注意，如 2.55億=255 million、2900萬(wàn)=29 million、1.18億=118 million等?！蔼?dú)居老人”似可用old solitary people，但該詞組更多是指the aged without spouse，故不如用old people who live alone、the elderly living alone等。

[2]開(kāi)頭便是“涉老法規(guī)政策系統(tǒng)性……”，為使英譯文不顯突兀，不妨增添一些詞語(yǔ)，如：However， the current situation requires our urgent attention.增詞不增意，從而起到銜接和連貫（coherence）的作用?！袄淆g事業(yè)”一般容易譯成old-age undertaking、the enterprise for elderly population、sernilizational enterprise等，但分析起來(lái)，這里指的是提高老年人的生活質(zhì)量，故可考慮用ageing cause?！坝行Ч┙o不足”，似乎是lack of sufficient supply，但結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境，特別是顧及后面的“質(zhì)量效益不高，人才隊(duì)伍短缺”的表述，此處不妨用the effective public pension service is inadequate;同時(shí)，“人才隊(duì)伍短缺”的譯文前應(yīng)加一動(dòng)詞，以使意思更加完整。

[3]中，同樣，“社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)”前的譯文亦缺乏銜接詞語(yǔ)，不妨插入At the same time;鑒于“社會(huì)保障制度”包括社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)、社會(huì)福利、社會(huì)救助等，故可用括號(hào)處理，如social security systems （such as social insurance， social welfare and social assistance）;此處的“醫(yī)療”顯然不只是medical treatment，而是medical care，即廣義的醫(yī)療護(hù)理。

[4]進(jìn)而談?wù)摾淆g事業(yè)的社會(huì)化方面的問(wèn)題，亦應(yīng)加一狀語(yǔ)鋪墊，如 Societally，以作自然轉(zhuǎn)合?！耙孕庞脼楹诵牡男滦褪袌?chǎng)監(jiān)管機(jī)制”，其主語(yǔ)是“市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管機(jī)制”，前面的定語(yǔ)分別是“以信用為核心的”“新型”，而在譯文中，兩個(gè)不宜同時(shí)加在market supervision mechanism前面，特別是前一個(gè)，而更宜以介詞with轉(zhuǎn)化成短語(yǔ)，如with credit at its core。最后一句講老人的合法權(quán)益等，這是前面的措施和努力的結(jié)果，故不妨加入短語(yǔ)As a result，以形成前后的因果關(guān)系。

Passage 2

[1] 中國(guó)的改革發(fā)端于農(nóng)村，目的在于調(diào)節(jié)農(nóng)民和土地之間的關(guān)系。1978年之前，數(shù)億中國(guó)人還在為溫飽問(wèn)題發(fā)愁，如今，經(jīng)過(guò)40年的發(fā)展，中國(guó)有7億多農(nóng)村貧困人口實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧。

[2] 從1978年至1985年，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的深刻變革，為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)和貧困人口的大幅減少提供了強(qiáng)勁動(dòng)力。按當(dāng)時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有50%未解決溫飽的農(nóng)村人口在這期間解決了溫飽問(wèn)題。按現(xiàn)在的扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有超過(guò)1億農(nóng)村人口在這期間擺脫了貧困。這不僅為全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，而且為全人類的扶貧和發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。

[3] 1978年，安徽鳳陽(yáng)縣小崗村的18戶農(nóng)民走出了中國(guó)農(nóng)村改革的第一步。破除了計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的諸多束縛，實(shí)行以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制為基礎(chǔ)的家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)，獲得了可以自由耕種的承包土地，極大調(diào)動(dòng)了生產(chǎn)積極性，使他們以巨大的熱情投入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)之中。

【參考譯文】

[1] China’s reform began in the countryside with the aim of adjusting the relationship between peasants and land. Before 1978， hundreds of millions of Chinese struggled with their daily food and clothing. Nowadays， after 40 years of reform and opening-up， more than 700 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty.

[2] From 1978 to 1985， the profound transformation of the rural economic system provided a strong impetus for the extraordinary growth of the rural economy and a dramatic reduction in the poverty-stricken population. In accordance with the standard at that time， half of the impoverished population in rural areas had been adequately fed and clothed during this period. By the current standard， however， over 100 million rural people had been lifted out of poverty within the same period. The practice has not only laid a solid foundation for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects， but also made great contributions to poverty alleviation and development of all mankind.

[3] In 1978， 18 peasants in Xiaogang village of Fengyang County， Anhui Province， took the first step of rural reform by practicing family management based on the household contract responsibility system， which broke many restrictions of the planned economy system. Having gained the right to freely farm their contracted land， peasants were thus greatly motivated to put their efforts into agricultural production.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

[1]中，“發(fā)端于”有started with、originated from、began 等。“調(diào)節(jié)……關(guān)系”可為regulate/adjust/balance relations/relationship?！盀闇仫枂?wèn)題發(fā)愁”，較為直譯的，如worried about food and clothing;意譯的，如struggled with the basic necessities;綜合二者的，如struggled with their daily food and clothing?！懊撠殹保轿募谋硎鲆话銥閜overty alleviation，使動(dòng)方式to alleviate poverty，而口語(yǔ)化的更多，如“get rid of poverty”“overcome poverty”“get out of poverty”“throw off poverty”“be lifted out of poverty”“to lift… beyond the poverty line by doing…”，參考譯文采用了比較通俗的用法。

[2]中，“提供動(dòng)力”，可用“provide/offer incentive for…”，或調(diào)換角度，用gained momentum for，或用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“has/have been greatly powered/empowered by…”?！鞍串?dāng)時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”和“按現(xiàn)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，可分別為according to / in accordance with the standard at that time和by the current standard / standard of nowadays等?！叭娼ㄔO(shè)小康社會(huì)”是句頗具中國(guó)特色的話語(yǔ)，一般譯為build a well-off society in an all-round way / moderately prosperous society in all respects，這是句“中國(guó)英語(yǔ)”（Chinese English），但不同于“中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)”（Chinglish），Chinglish義為“l(fā)anguage which is a mixture of English and Chinese， especially a type of English that includes many Chinese words and/or follows Chinese grammar rules”，故大都不可取;前者主要指內(nèi)容而言，如one country and two systems、socialism with Chinese characteristics等，后者主要是形式上的“套用”，如“加快經(jīng)濟(jì)改革步伐”，譯成to accelerate the pace of economic reform，其中the pace of是中式思維，屬多余部分。同樣，“我們應(yīng)集中全力，有效實(shí)現(xiàn)振興國(guó)營(yíng)中小企業(yè)的目標(biāo)?！币话阕g成：Our all efforts should be focused on the objective of effectively strengthening the vitality of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises.第一個(gè)下畫線部分屬Chinglish 表述，應(yīng)刪去，而將strengthening the vitality of 簡(jiǎn)化為revitalizing。故在翻譯這類文體時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注重區(qū)分Chinese English和Chinglish。

[3]中，“破除了……束縛”可有多種表述，如“freed/liberated from the bonds of… / to deliver the people who are in bondage to…”等，由于涉及計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，可用 broke many restrictions of the planned economy system?！凹彝ヂ?lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制”亦為“中式話語(yǔ)”，一般譯為household contract responsibility system、 contract responsibility system、household responsibility system或the system of household contract responsibility，此處要加上“家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)”（practicing family management）?！矮@得了可以自由……”原文雖未分句，但譯文里應(yīng)理解為具有獨(dú)立意思，故不妨以“Having the freedom to choose their own ways…”另起一句，以求確切。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? □