太陽能塔式電站“聚光—吸熱”系統(tǒng)動態(tài)仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn)對比最終報(bào)告

徐超　余強(qiáng)　徐二樹　王志峰　李鑫

摘 要：該研究以中國MW級的塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站“大漢”為研究對象，對全系統(tǒng)中區(qū)別于常規(guī)電站部分的“聚光-吸熱”系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)建模與動態(tài)仿真，深入研究系統(tǒng)在外界環(huán)境擾動下“光-熱”轉(zhuǎn)換過程中系統(tǒng)各參數(shù)的靜態(tài)以及動態(tài)特性，為實(shí)際電站運(yùn)行提供指導(dǎo)。其主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下： 在聚光系統(tǒng)（定日鏡場）的建模與分析方面：利用基于“蒙特卡洛”的光線追跡法建立了“大漢”定日鏡場中心點(diǎn)聚焦和非中心點(diǎn)聚焦的光學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)模型。通過此模型，不僅對腔式吸熱器內(nèi)表面的太陽入射能流密度的實(shí)時(shí)變化進(jìn)行了模擬，而且對于全年典型天（春（秋）分日、夏（冬）至日）吸熱器腔內(nèi)能流密度分布規(guī)律的變化進(jìn)行了深入分析。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對比，驗(yàn)證了所建模型的有效性。在吸熱系統(tǒng)（腔式吸熱器）的建模與分析方面：利用模塊化建模方法，根據(jù)質(zhì)量、能量以及動量守恒定理，建立了吸熱系統(tǒng)的非穩(wěn)態(tài)全工況的熱物理數(shù)學(xué)動態(tài)模型。該模型不僅能夠?qū)η粌?nèi)管中單相流體（水/蒸汽）吸熱過程中各參數(shù)的變化進(jìn)行仿真，而且還能夠?qū)軆?nèi)水工質(zhì)因吸熱而發(fā)生相變過程中的參數(shù)變化進(jìn)行動態(tài)仿真。在耦合系統(tǒng)（“聚光-吸熱”系統(tǒng)）的建模與分析方面：基于“STAR-90”仿真平臺上搭建了“聚光-吸熱”耦合系統(tǒng)的仿真模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過對系統(tǒng)輸入條件的改變，研究了系統(tǒng)在外界輸入條件擾動下各參數(shù)的動態(tài)變化特性，同時(shí)對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。同時(shí)，為了驗(yàn)證所建模型的有效性，基于上述平臺搭建的“聚光-吸熱”系統(tǒng)仿真模型，通過輸入和“大漢”電站實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中相同的初始條件以及操作步驟，對模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明，該論文所建立的模型具有較高的可靠性。

關(guān)鍵詞：太陽能熱發(fā)電 聚光系統(tǒng) 吸熱系統(tǒng) 仿真

Abstract：Regarding the first MW-level solar tower power plant “DAHAN” as the research object， this report mainly focuses on the modeling and dynamic simulation of the “concentrator-receiver” system， which is distinguished from the conventional coal-fired plants. Based on the developed models， a deep research on the static and dynamic characteristics of main parameters during the “l(fā)ight-heat” conversion under the disturbances of external environment is performed. The purpose of this research is to provide a significant guidance for the practical operation in the future. The main research and achievements are as follows： The aspect refers to the modeling and simulation of the concentrator system： A centre focus and non-centre focus optical model of “DAHAN” heliostat field was developed based on the monte-carlo ray tracing method. Based on this model， the real-time variation law of incident solar flux on the inner sides of the cavity receiver was not only simulated， but also for the solar flux distribution law on the typical days （spring/autumn equinox， summer/winter solstice）. Finally， the validity of this model was proved by the contrastive analysis. The aspect refers to the modeling and simulation of the receiver system： By adopting the modular modeling method， the unsteady-state and full-working conditions mathematic model of the central receiver system was developed based on the mass， energy and momentum conservation law. It can not only apply to the heat-transfer process of single-phase in the absorbing tubes， but also for the simulation of phase change process in the tubes. The aspect refers to the modeling and simulation of the coupled system： The simulation models of the “concentrator-receiver” system were built based on the “STAR-90” simulation platform， and the dynamic characteristics of the coupled system were studied and analyzed in detail under the disturbances of external environment. In order to verify the validity of the developed models， the simulation results of the coupled system were taken to make a comparison with the experimental data of “DAHAN” plant by following the practical operation procedures on the simulation platform. The results show that the models have a relatively high reliability.

Key Words：Concentrating solar power；Concentrator；Receiver；Modeling

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