安徽太湖中學(xué) 周艷霞
古往今來東西方文化不約而同地把白天鵝作為圣潔、忠貞、高貴的象征。它們羽毛潔白、體態(tài)優(yōu)美,一生只忠于一個(gè)伴侶,終身廝守,共同哺育后代。傳說中天鵝在生命最后時(shí)期會發(fā)出它一生中第一次也是唯一一次的歌聲——“天鵝之歌”,這是為什么呢?我們一起來閱讀吧。
1.gracefuladj.優(yōu)美的;優(yōu)雅的
2.hurrahn.(表示快樂或贊同)好極了
3.campaignn.(尤指政治、商業(yè)或軍事的)專項(xiàng)運(yùn)動
4.presidentialadj.總統(tǒng)的
Ⅰ.信息匹配
一邊聽錄音一邊把下文所提供的有關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行匹配。需要匹配的內(nèi)容是錄音材料中的關(guān)鍵信息。
In this section,you will hear some important persons and their identities.After you hear the text,decide what identity would be most suitable for the persons appearing in the text.You will hear the material twice.
1.S o c r a t e s A.t h e e a r l y E n g l i s h w r i t e r 2.A p o l l o B.A m e r i c a's s e v e n t h p r e s-i d e n t.3.C h a u c e r C.t h e a n c i e n t G r e e k p h i-l o s o p h e r 4.E d w i n O'C o n n o r D.t h e G r e e k G o d 5.A n d r e w J a c k s o n E.a w r i t e r
Ⅱ.聽寫練習(xí)
一邊聽錄音一邊閱讀以下文字材料,這些文字材料不是錄音的全部內(nèi)容,而是以提綱、摘要、筆記、圖表等形式再現(xiàn)的錄音的主要內(nèi)容,需要補(bǔ)全的內(nèi)容一般是錄音中的關(guān)鍵信息。注意每空一詞。
The swan's last song
1.The white swan is a beautiful_________ .It keeps _________almost through its life.
2.In the eyes of the ancient people,the swan song meant its life would come to an _________.
3.In the eyes of Socrates,the swan song meant it would be _________to serve the god of poetry and song.
4.In the eyes of some writers,the swan song meant the last or the finest_________ of a poet,musician or writer.
5.In the eyes of contemporary people,the swan song means the final_________of any person.
6.In the eyes of a politician,the swan song means his last________,his final________to win the cheers and votes of the people or his last________before his term in office ends.
本文是一篇趣味性很強(qiáng)的文化類說明文,文章主要說明了The swan's last song在歷史上不同時(shí)期和不同人們之間的含義。文章具有較強(qiáng)的趣味性,讀來意興盎然。
體裁 說明文 文章詞數(shù) 3 8 1 難度指數(shù) ★★★題材 文化 建議用時(shí) 7′
The white swan, with its long,gracefulneck, is among the most beautiful of birds.The swan is mostly silent through its life.It floats quietly on the water,unable to sing sweet songs like most other birds.
In ancient times,however,people believed that the swan was given a special gift of song at the end of its life.They believed a swan sings a most beautiful song—just before it dies.The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates talked of this 2300 years ago.Socrates explained that the swan was singing because it was happy.The bird was happy because it was going to serve the Greek God Apollo.Swans were holy to Apollo,the god of poetry and song.
The story of the swan's last song found a place in the works of other writers,including the early English writers Chaucer and Shakespeare.And,the expression swan song has long been a part of the English language.At first,the swan song meant the last work of a poet,musician or writer.Now,it means the final effort of any person.Someone's swan song usually is also considered that person's finest work.
A political expression with a similar meaning is the lasthurrah.The expression may be used to describe a politician's lastcampaign,his final attempt to win the cheers and votes of the people.The last hurrah also can mean the last acts of a politician,before his term in office ends.Writer Edwin O'Connor made the expression popular in nineteen fifty-six.He wrote a book about the final years in the political life of a long-time mayor(市長)of Boston,Massachusetts.He called his bookThe Last Hurrah.Some language experts say the expression came from a name given to noisy supporters of Andrew Jackson,presidentialAmerica's seventh president.They cheered hurrah so loudly for Andy Jackson during his campaign that they became known as the hurrah boys.Jackson's hurrah boys also played a part in the election to choose the next president.Jackson's choice was his vice president,Martin Van Buren.A newspaper of the time reported that Van Buren was elected president,in its words,“...by the hurrah boys,and those who knew just enough to shout hurrah for Jackson.”
在聽力測試及閱讀的過程中需要抓住文章的時(shí)間線索,把握The swan's last song含義的嬗變;還要抓住人物線索,辨別不同人物的不同身份及對應(yīng)觀點(diǎn)。在聽的過程中要養(yǎng)成速記的習(xí)慣,將文章中的關(guān)鍵信息迅速記錄下來,以免信息之間相互干擾。
請思考并交流分享:在聽力測試的過程中,有哪些方式可以幫助我們迅速記錄敏感信息呢?
1.蘇格拉底(Socrates,公元前469年—公元前399年),古希臘著名的思想家、哲學(xué)家、教育家、公民陪審員。蘇格拉底和他的學(xué)生柏拉圖,以及柏拉圖的學(xué)生亞里士多德并稱為“古希臘三賢”,被后人廣泛地認(rèn)為是西方哲學(xué)的奠基者。
2.阿波羅是古希臘神話中的光明、預(yù)言、音樂和醫(yī)藥之神,消災(zāi)解難之神,同時(shí)也是人類文明、遷徙和航海者的保護(hù)神,奧林匹斯十二主神之一。還是宙斯和勒托之子。阿波羅又被稱作福玻斯·阿波羅,而福玻斯是“光明”或“光輝燦爛”的意思。阿波羅是所有男神之中相貌最英俊的一個(gè),他快樂、聰明,擁有著陽光般的氣質(zhì),是許多藝術(shù)家在詩畫中贊頌的對象。阿波羅常被現(xiàn)代人說成是太陽神,而事實(shí)上,公元前5世紀(jì)已經(jīng)將他赫利俄斯等希臘土著文明所信奉的太陽神進(jìn)行并同。在古希臘神話晚期,阿波羅已經(jīng)有太陽神屬性。在著名的《荷馬史詩》(公元前8世紀(jì))的記載中,阿波羅被稱為銀弓之王、遠(yuǎn)射神和金劍王。
3.杰弗雷·喬叟(1343—1400),英國小說家、詩人。主要作品有小說集《坎特伯雷故事集》。喬叟出生于倫敦一個(gè)富裕的商人家庭,受過大學(xué)教育,熟悉法語和意大利語。1357年開始出入宮廷,后常出訪歐洲,在意大利接觸到了但丁、薄伽丘等人的作品,這影響了他后來的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。喬叟于1400年在倫敦去世,葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的“詩人之角”。
一生的安靜,絕世的高歌
白天鵝以其修長而優(yōu)雅的頸部躋身于最美鳥類的行列。天鵝的一生都近乎安靜。它靜靜地游蕩在水面,不能像其他大多數(shù)鳥類一樣悅耳地高歌。
然而在很久以前,人們相信天鵝在生命的最后時(shí)期會得到一份特殊的歌聲禮物。人們相信天鵝在臨死之際會唱出最優(yōu)美的歌聲。兩千三百年前古希臘哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底就曾談及于此。他解釋稱天鵝放聲高歌是因?yàn)樗鼈兒芸鞓贰K鼈兗磳⑷ナ谭钕ED之神阿波羅。天鵝是詩歌之神阿波羅的神鳥。
在其他作家的作品中也可以找到天鵝之歌的身影,包括英國早期作家喬叟和莎士比亞。英語中一直就有swan song(天鵝之歌、絕唱、最后杰作)這種措辭。起初,swan song(絕唱)是指詩人、音樂家或者作家最后的作品。現(xiàn)在,它也可以指代任何人最后的努力。某個(gè)人的“絕唱”通常也被認(rèn)為是其最好的作品。
一個(gè)有著相似含意的政治措辭是last hurrah(最后一搏)。它可以用于表述政治家最后一次競選,為贏得歡呼和選民投票的最后一次努力。它還可以理解為政治家任期結(jié)束前的最后舉動。1956年,作家埃德溫·奧康納(Edwin O'Connor)使得這一措辭開始走紅。他寫了一本書,講述了長期任職的馬薩諸塞州波士頓市市長最后幾年的政治生涯。他稱這本書為《最后的歡呼》。一些語言專家表示,這一措辭源于對美國第七任總統(tǒng)安德魯·杰克遜的狂熱支持者的稱呼。他們在杰克遜總統(tǒng)競選期間大聲歡呼,被稱為“歡呼者”。杰克遜的“歡呼者”在下任總統(tǒng)的選舉中也起到了一定作用。杰克遜對下任總統(tǒng)的選擇是他的副手——馬丁·范布倫。當(dāng)時(shí)的一家報(bào)紙?jiān)趫?bào)道范布倫當(dāng)選時(shí)這么寫道:“……(范布倫)通過‘歡呼者'以及那些知道是為杰克遜歡呼就足矣的人(成功當(dāng)選總統(tǒng))。”