摘 要:短文改錯是孩子們最發(fā)愁的題目,也是得分率低的一個題目。如何在做短文改錯時多拿些分,這是本文筆者要和大家探討的一個問題。
關(guān)鍵詞:短文改錯;格式;動詞
一、 孩子們在做題時存在各種問題。概括起來有這么幾點:
1. 格式不正確。這個很重要,老師們一定要反復(fù)查看,落實到個人。不能說“我說了好多遍你怎么還不會?”這其中還包括孩子們的僥幸心理,有時改動十一二處,這反而會弄巧成拙,有把握的題算不上分。有關(guān)格式,老師們都知道,在此不再贅述。
2. 字跡要清楚,卷面要整齊。不要反復(fù)涂改。
3. 拼寫要正確,嚴(yán)格講知識不存在界限,不能說這是你初中知識,不歸我管,實際上,教書者,你哪兒不會我就教你哪兒。所以筆者課上也強調(diào)如何變過去式,如何變進行時。點點滴滴要落到實處。
4. 再就是時間分配不合理,在改錯上糾結(jié)的時間太長,越是找不到越要找,浪費了太多時間而收效甚微。
5. 其實孩子們存在的最大問題是找不到錯誤,甚至有孩子說人家寫的比我好多了,我的錯誤更多。讓人哭笑不得。
二、 下面筆者根據(jù)多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗,總結(jié)出來一些短文改錯常見考點供大家商討,多提寶貴意見。
(一) 動詞
請看下面一些例句
1)I win a national prize for painting last week. 2)I got a letter that said that I had been admitting to a college. 3)One day, while my friend and I was traveling through Germany... 4)I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future. 5)I am very excited to have accepted an e-mail from you.(too...to)
我們從例句中可以看到:
* (例1和例2)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)幾乎是必考的。
inform這個詞通常都是被動形式
* 例3 主謂一致的問題。這其中要注意這幾個重點結(jié)構(gòu)
as well as/with/along with/together with/rather than/including/like/such as/but, except/besides)——就遠(yuǎn)原則or/either...or/neither...nor/there be——就近原則
* 例4 短語中to后面用原形還是doing的問題
in order to/so as to/be supposed to/be expected to 后用動詞原形。其他帶to的短語后一般都用doing
(二) 名詞
1)I found most lesson rather uninteresting. 2)Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. 3)The play tells humorous stories that happen in Mr. Green family.
我們看到名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及所有格也是考察較多的,注意下面的特殊名詞
* fun/progress/典型代表
* /equipment/advice/furniture/cash/
* suggestions/thanks/congratulations/instructions/clouds
(三) 冠詞
1)I had a interesting dream last night. 2)One day, our school held party. 3)Im glad you have made such a great progress that ....
冠詞也幾乎必考。
* a/an的問題多關(guān)注下面幾個詞honest/honor/hour;usual/unusual
* 幾個句型要牢記 It is a great pity that/It is a great pleasure that/have a good knowledge of/cover an area of/a success/a failure/a surprise
* lost in thought/lose heart/underconstruction/out of danger/in danger
* hit sb. On the head/be paid by the hour
* in(the)charge of/go to(the)church/be in(the)prison/be ill in(the)bed
of an age/of the same age
(四) 形容詞和副詞
1)They are cheap and they really taste well. 2)We can hear birds singing happy all around. 3)A helping hand is always stronger enough to lift you up. 4)Both the diet and the exercise will help me to lose weight and feel more better. 5)Haring the news, he felt disappointing. 6)They went hone, tired and hungrily.
形容詞和副詞是永恒的考題
* taste/look/sound/feel/smell/remain/get/become/seem/appear/grow/turn/+adj(stay awake/fall ill/fall asleep)
* see/notice/observe/hear/watch/等感官動詞考察賓語補足語,如果賓語補足語的動作正在發(fā)生,就用doing如例2如果賓語補足語的動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束或者看到或聽到了全過程則用省to的不定式。如果賓語和它的補足語之間是被動關(guān)系則用done.
* 形容詞的比較級和最高級也是必考項目
要注意比較級前程度副詞的正確運用Much/far/a lot/even/a little/a bit+比較級。還要注意句型如 more and more beautiful/richer and richer/The higher you stand, the further you will see./I cant agree more/It couldnt better.
* ing和ed的轉(zhuǎn)換是形容詞的考點最愛。
* 例6 形容詞做狀語的情況也要介紹給學(xué)生。
* 句首的副詞修飾后面整句話
(五) 連詞
1)Im trying to improve the situation and it doesnt seem to work. 2)I became very active but made new friends. 3)Because you have visited Greece several times, so Id like to know...
連詞的考察重點大家都知道
* and/but/so/therefore/however等之間的互相轉(zhuǎn)換
* 固定搭配 whether...or/either...or/neither...nor/not ...but/not only...but also/be about to do...when/was(were)doing...when/had done...when/be busy doing...when/.be at the point of doing...when/hardly...when/no sooner...than 等
* 不連用問題 because/so;although/but;return/back;hear from/letter;enter/into
* 近義詞和反義詞的問題 three days later/after three days/three days ago/
* and前后形態(tài)一致的問題
* 形似但意義不同的詞和短語besidebesides; passpast/beused to doing/used to do/be used to do/
以上為筆者提供的一些個人總結(jié),歡迎同仁們補充和指正
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]赫艷馨.英語“短文改錯”面面觀[J].瘋狂英語(愛英語),2018(5).
[2]梁世杰.短文改錯解析[J].中學(xué)英語園地(高一版),2005(2).
作者簡介:
王俊梅,山西省太原市,山西省太原市陽曲縣陽曲一中。