徐春花
插入語是英語口語中很常見的語法現(xiàn)象,它是中學(xué)英語語法的重點(diǎn)。它通常與句中其他部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。
在近幾年的高考英語試題中,插入語被越來越多地應(yīng)用。由于插入語通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系,命題者有意在句中插入一個(gè)從句或短語,造成主謂分離,給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。
插入語的類型有很多,但是常見的有以下幾種形式。
一、形容詞(短語)作插入語
能用作插入語的形容詞(短語)常見的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important ofall,sure enough,funny,needless to say,worse still,even better等。
But Jimmie ,needless to say ,was not among them.
但是吉米,不用說,不在他們中間。
二、副詞(短語)作插入語
能用作插入語的副詞(短語)有:indeed,surely,still, otherwise, certainly, however, generally, personal-ly, fortunately, though, besides, probably, naturally, ob-viously, frankly, or rather等。
When he got to there,he found,however,that theweather was too bad.
可是到那兒后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太差了。
三、介詞短語作插入語
能用作插入語的介詞短語有:in fact,in one'sopinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a fewwords/in sum/in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之),of course,hy theway,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on theother hand. to one's surprise, as a matter of fact ,in con-clusion,in brief,ina sense(在某種意義上)等。
You can't wait anymore ,in other words ,you shouldstart at once.
你不能再等了,換言之,你得立即出發(fā)。
四、v.-ing(短語)作插入語
能用作插入語的v.-ing(短語)常見的有:strictly,generally/honestly/personally/exactly/physicallyspeaking(嚴(yán)格地/一般地/坦誠地說),judging from/by…(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
Generally speaking, the weather there is neither toocold in winter nor too hot in summer.
一般來說,那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱。(現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語,其主語不是句中的主語,只是說話者的附加說明)
五、不定式短語作插入語
能用作插入語的不定式短語有:to be frank,tobe honest ,to be sure(無疑地),to tell you the truth, tomake matters worse ,to sum up(概括地說),to startwith, to hegin with, to he short ,to conclude, to put it inanother way等。
To tell you the truth,l'm not so interested in thematter.
跟你說實(shí)話,我對(duì)這件事情的興趣不大。
六、句子(陳述句或一般疑問句)作插入語
能用作插入語的句子有:I am sure,I believe,Ithink,l know,l suppose,l hope,l'm afraid,you see,what's more, that is to say,as you know,asI see it(照我看來),believe it or not, what's worse ,what is impor-tant/serious(重要/嚴(yán)重的是)等。
I helieve,China will catch up with the developedcountries sooner orlater.
我相信,中國遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國家。