火紅的春聯(lián)

文、圖／孫永杰

走進(jìn)東李村放眼望去，滿眼是紅紅火火的紅紙，到處掛著印滿祝福的春聯(lián)，透著一股過(guò)年般的喜慶祥和氣氛。

春聯(lián)是中國(guó)的一種獨(dú)特文學(xué)形式，它以工整、對(duì)偶、簡(jiǎn)潔、精巧的文字描繪時(shí)代背景，抒發(fā)美好愿望。千百年來(lái)，它像一枝怒放的紅梅，在迎春的節(jié)日里如約綻放，成為中國(guó)年文化中一個(gè)美麗的音符。紅紅火火的對(duì)聯(lián)貼出來(lái)，既寄托人們良好的祝愿、弘揚(yáng)新時(shí)代的文明家風(fēng)，又給節(jié)日披上了喜慶的盛裝。

山東省高密市東李村就是一個(gè)紅紙對(duì)聯(lián)印刷專業(yè)村，一年四季忙碌不停，每年春節(jié)來(lái)臨時(shí)，前來(lái)購(gòu)買春聯(lián)的商家絡(luò)繹不絕。東李村年印刷春聯(lián)4000噸以上,戶均收入在3萬(wàn)元左右，這項(xiàng)手藝也被列入濰坊市非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

走進(jìn)東李村，放眼望去，滿眼是紅紅火火的紅紙，到處掛著印滿祝福的春聯(lián)，透著一股過(guò)年般的喜慶祥和氣氛。春聯(lián)印刷中以戶為單位是手工印刷，土法制成。一個(gè)戶就是一個(gè)印刷作坊，規(guī)模不大，就三四個(gè)人，從春聯(lián)的選詞、制版、印刷、切割、進(jìn)料、生產(chǎn)、銷售，形成一整套完整的流程。他們農(nóng)忙時(shí)下地干活，農(nóng)閑印刷春聯(lián)，為村民摸索出了一條解決富余勞力，勤勞致富的路徑。

○廠房里晾滿了印刷好的春聯(lián)。The workshop is filled with printed Spring Festival scrolls.

○近幾年，他們改進(jìn)印刷工藝，在第一次印刷成型的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)春聯(lián)進(jìn)行套印，在字體邊緣加印一次燙金的顏色。In recent years, they have improved the printing process. On the basis of the first printing and forming, they have overprinted the Spring Festival scrolls and printed a hot stamping color on the edge of the font.

○為了提高工作效率，購(gòu)入新的對(duì)聯(lián)剪裁設(shè)備。To improve work efficiency, bought a new scroll clipping device.

○把裁剪好的春聯(lián)進(jìn)行理順整理。Straightening up the clipped Spring Festival scrolls.

○春節(jié)前的年集上，擺滿了出售的春聯(lián)，人們紛紛前來(lái)購(gòu)買，以待給春節(jié)增添喜慶的氣氛。At a fair before the Spring Festival, Spring Festival scrolls for sale are packed everywhere. People come to buy scrolls to add a festive atmosphere to the Spring Festival.

他們把設(shè)計(jì)好的春聯(lián)刻在模子上，然后兩人一組手工印制，這種方法叫絲網(wǎng)印刷。他們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期的印刷過(guò)程中，把使用的印刷紙張經(jīng)過(guò)涂紅等特殊工序處理后，創(chuàng)造出了一種叫“全年紅”的紙張。它經(jīng)久耐用不褪色，不怕風(fēng)吹、日曬、雨淋，一年四季都能保持鮮亮的紅色，用它印出的對(duì)聯(lián)，既鮮又紅、既明又亮，產(chǎn)品銷往10余個(gè)省市，大受用戶歡迎。

近來(lái)，他們又研究出了加工燙金福字、燙金對(duì)聯(lián)、油漆春聯(lián)等50多個(gè)品種、200多個(gè)規(guī)格，投放市場(chǎng)后以其色澤鮮艷、質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉而深受廣大用戶的青睞。如今的東李村，不但春聯(lián)產(chǎn)量日益增長(zhǎng)，而且?guī)?lái)了滾雪球效應(yīng)，南方的春聯(lián)也把這里作為了擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)的跳板，各種風(fēng)格的春聯(lián)在這里相互交融，比翼齊飛，使當(dāng)?shù)爻蔀槿A東地區(qū)規(guī)模最大的紅紙春聯(lián)集散地，形成了買全國(guó)、賣全國(guó)的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式，給大江南北的人們帶來(lái)了火紅的春節(jié)氣氛。

編輯／劉富國(guó) 郭蓓蓓

For thousands of years, Spring Festival scrolls that look like a red plum in full bloom on the Spring Festival, have been a beautiful note in the Chinese New Year culture, and clothe the festival with festivity.

Dongli Village, Gaomi City,Shandong, is a village that specializes in red paper couplet printing. Every year,the village may print more than 4,000 tons of Spring Festival scrolls, and can realize an average household income of RMB 30,000. The craft has been included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of Weifang.

Entering Dongli Village, you will see masses of red paper all around,and Spring Festival scrolls printed with blessings everywhere, which show a festive and harmonious atmosphere as if the New Year is coming. The householdbased Spring Festival scroll printing is manual printing, and adopts an indigenous method. A household is a printing workshop, which is not large in scale, and only comprises three to four people. In terms of word selection,plate-making, printing, cutting, feeding,production and sales of Spring Festival scrolls, a complete set of processes has been formed. They work in the fields during busy farming days, and print Spring Festival scrolls during slack farming days, exploring a way for villagers to solve surplus labor and achieve prosperity through hard work.