李振宏 倪宏
[摘要]目的 探討變異型伴中央顳區(qū)棘波的兒童良性癲癇(BECT)與鋅及代謝相關(guān)激素的相關(guān)性。方法 選取2009年1月~2017年12月南昌大學(xué)附屬贛州醫(yī)院收治的178例BECT患者作為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組(變異型BECT,58例)與對(duì)照組(典型BECT,120例)。比較兩組的血微量元素及代謝相關(guān)激素水平,并分析鋅與代謝相關(guān)激素的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組鋅、鐵水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組的銅水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的生長(zhǎng)激素、皮質(zhì)醇、甲狀旁腺激素及促甲狀腺素水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素、游離三碘甲狀腺原氨酸、甲狀腺素及25羥化維生素D水平高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。線性相關(guān)分析提示,鋅和甲狀旁腺素成正相關(guān)(r=0.42,P<0.05),鋅和促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素、生長(zhǎng)激素及25羥化維生素D成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.61、-0.49、-0.46,P<0.05),8種代謝相關(guān)激素中有12對(duì)顯示正相關(guān)或負(fù)相關(guān),在總的36對(duì)中占44%。結(jié)論 鋅及激素水平與變異型BECT密切相關(guān),鋅及激素的水平對(duì)判斷變異型BECT的療效及預(yù)后具有一定的臨床意義。
[關(guān)鍵詞]變異型良性癲癇;鋅;激素;相關(guān)性
[中圖分類號(hào)] R72 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)12(a)-0095-05
Correlation between variable benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes and zinc, metabolism-related hormones
LI Zhen-hong1 ? NI Hong2
1. Department of Pediatrics, Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou ? 341000, China; 2. Institute of Pediatrics, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou ? 215003, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between variable benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes (BECT) and zinc, metabolism-related hormones. Methods A total of 178 children with benign epilepsy in Ganzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanchang University were chosen as the research objects from January 2009 to December 2017, they were divided into the experimental group (58 cases of variable BECT) and control group (120 cases of typical BECT) via the random number table method. The levels of blood trace element and metabolism-related hormones were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between zinc and metabolism-related hormones was analyzed. Results The levels of zinc and ferrum in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in cuprum level between the two groups (P>0.05). The levels of growth hormones, cortisol, parathyroid hormones and thyrotropin in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of corticotrophin, freetriiodthyronine, free thyroxine and 25 hydroxylated vitamin D in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Linear correlation analysis indicated that zinc was positively correlated with parathyroid hormone (r=0.42, P<0.05), zinc was negatively correlated with corticotrophin, growth hormones, and 25 hydroxylated vitamin D (r=-0.61, -0.49, -0.46, P<0.05), twelve of the eight metabolism-related hormones showed positive or negative correlations, accounting for 44% of the total 36 pairs. Conclusion Variable benign epilepsy and the disorder of the levels of zinc and hormones could be closely related, serum zinc and hormones levels have certain clinical value in preventing and treating variable benign epilepsy.
[Key words] Variable benign epilepsy; Zinc; Hormones; Correlation
伴中央顳區(qū)棘波兒童良性癲癇(benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes,BECT)是兒童良性局灶性癲癇中最常見(jiàn)的一種類型,約1/5的癲癇兒童患有BECT,BECT出現(xiàn)癲癇發(fā)作的年齡為2~15歲,發(fā)病高峰年齡為5~10歲,男孩發(fā)病多于女孩,癲癇發(fā)作與睡眠中的淺睡期關(guān)系尤為密切。變異型BECT早期符合典型BECT的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但隨著病情進(jìn)展會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些其他的發(fā)作形式[1-2]。如果放寬診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),變異型BECT的發(fā)生率可高達(dá)10%~50%[1]。部分國(guó)外研究認(rèn)為,變異型BECT的發(fā)生與家族遺傳有關(guān)[3]。然而,變異型BECT患兒往往臨床治療效果不佳。微量元素鋅(Zn)缺乏是兒科臨床常見(jiàn)病,有國(guó)外學(xué)者認(rèn)為Zn與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能發(fā)育有關(guān),是穩(wěn)定神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能不可缺少的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素,如果機(jī)體內(nèi)出現(xiàn)血Zn濃度異常,必然會(huì)影響神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能的穩(wěn)定。本研究探討變異型BECT患兒與典型BECT患兒Zn及代謝相關(guān)激素的水平,分析變異型BECT與Zn及代謝相關(guān)激素的相關(guān)性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2009年1月~2017年12月南昌大學(xué)附屬贛州醫(yī)院收治的178例BECT患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組(變異型BECT,58例)與對(duì)照組(典型BECT,120例)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組中,男35例,女23例;年齡2~15歲,平均(6.21±1.21)歲。對(duì)照組中,男75例,女45例;年齡2~15歲,平均(5.72±1.06)歲。兩組的性別、年齡等一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者及家屬均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
典型BECT納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①根據(jù)1989年國(guó)際抗癲癇聯(lián)盟制定的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],患兒發(fā)病年齡2~14歲,9~10歲是發(fā)病高峰期;②發(fā)作原因與睡眠關(guān)系密切,為局灶性發(fā)作,可泛化為全面性發(fā)作而至意識(shí)喪失;③患兒發(fā)作間期腦電圖背景正常,在中央?yún)^(qū)、顳中區(qū)出現(xiàn)棘波或尖波,入睡后癲癇樣放電增加;④患兒神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)影像學(xué)檢查正常,大多數(shù)不影響智力發(fā)育。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①不符合上述納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者;②癥狀性癲癇患兒或非癲癇發(fā)作者;③有顯著臨床意義的實(shí)驗(yàn)室結(jié)果異常者。
變異型BECT納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患兒病程早期符合典型BECT診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1];②患兒臨床表現(xiàn)較復(fù)雜,腦電圖癲癇放電明顯增多,出現(xiàn)新的發(fā)作類型;③患兒腦電圖提示在睡眠期中央顳區(qū)異常放電顯著增加;④部分患兒可遺留認(rèn)知功能障礙。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①與變異型BECT診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不相符者[4];②非癲癇發(fā)作者;③頭顱磁共振有結(jié)構(gòu)性腦損傷者。
1.2方法
分別在清晨抽取兩組患兒空腹7 ml靜脈血,比較兩組的Zn、鐵(Fe)、銅(Cu)及代謝相關(guān)激素水平,并分析Zn與激素的相關(guān)性。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
檢測(cè)兩組的血微量元素和代謝相關(guān)激素水平。血微量元素包括Zn、Fe、Cu,代謝相關(guān)激素包括生長(zhǎng)激素(Gh)、皮質(zhì)醇(Costisol)、甲狀旁腺激素(PTH)、促甲狀腺素(TSH)、促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素(ACTH)、游離三碘甲狀腺原氨酸(FT3)、游離甲狀腺素(FT4)、25羥化維生素D[25(OH)D]。采用火焰原子吸收法,使用博暉5300T型鎢舟原子吸收光譜儀檢測(cè)血微量元素的水平。采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光技術(shù),使用羅氏發(fā)光儀(Cobas e601)檢測(cè)代謝相關(guān)激素水平。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),采用線性相關(guān)分析對(duì)鋅及代謝相關(guān)激素的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組血微量元素水平的比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組的Zn、Fe水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。兩組的Cu水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2兩組代謝相關(guān)激素的比較
2.2.1兩組Gh、Costisol、TSH、PTH水平的檢測(cè) ?實(shí)驗(yàn)組的Gh、Costisol、TSH及PTH水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表2)。
2.2.2兩組FT3、FT4、25(OH)D及ACTH水平的檢測(cè) ?實(shí)驗(yàn)組的FT3、FT4、25(OH)D及ACTH水平高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表3)。
2.3鋅與代謝相關(guān)激素相關(guān)性分析
線性相關(guān)分析結(jié)果提示,Zn與4種代謝相關(guān)激素成正相關(guān)或負(fù)相關(guān),8種代謝相關(guān)激素中有12對(duì)成正相關(guān)或負(fù)相關(guān),在總的36對(duì)中占44%。其中,Zn與PTH成正相關(guān)(r=0.42,P<0.05);Zn與ACTH、Gh、25(OH)D成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.61、-0.49、-0.46,P<0.05)。激素中有6對(duì)顯示正相關(guān),ACTH與Costisol、ACTH與FT4分別成正相關(guān)(r=0.61、0.46,P<0.05);PTH與25(OH)D、ACTH與25(OH)D分別成正相關(guān)(r=0.46、0.61,P<0.01);FT4與FT3,PTH與FT3分別成正相關(guān)(r=0.56、0.42,P<0.05)。同時(shí),Gh與TSH、25(OH)D與FT4、TSH與25(OH)D、ACTH與TSH、TSH與FT3分別成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.49、-0.62、-0.60、-0.43、-0.69、-0.52,P<0.05)(圖1~16)。
3討論
部分研究認(rèn)為,變異型BECT的發(fā)生與家族遺傳有關(guān)[5-6]。然而,變異型BECT患兒的臨床治療效果不佳。微量元素Zn缺乏是兒科臨床常見(jiàn)病[7-9],有國(guó)外學(xué)者認(rèn)為鋅與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能有關(guān),是穩(wěn)定神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能不可缺少的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素,如果人體內(nèi)出現(xiàn)Zn濃度異常,必然會(huì)影響神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能的穩(wěn)定[10-13]。
本研究結(jié)果提示,變異型BECT患兒微量元素鋅的水平低于典型BECT的兒童,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示血微量元素Zn可能與變異型BECT存在較大的相關(guān)性,可能為變異型BECT患兒臨床治療效果不佳的原因之一。
線性相關(guān)分析提示,鋅與4種代謝相關(guān)激素成正相關(guān)或負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),8種代謝相關(guān)激素中有12對(duì)激素成正相關(guān)或負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),在總的36對(duì)中占44%,提示在變異型BECT的疾病過(guò)程中,Zn和脂質(zhì)代謝信號(hào)通路之間存在相互協(xié)同的作用,而且鋅與代謝相關(guān)激素之間有穩(wěn)固的相互聯(lián)系[14-15],進(jìn)一步為臨床防治變異型BECT提供新的理論基礎(chǔ)。
綜上所述,變異型BECT與血微量元素及代謝相關(guān)激素的水平可能存在較大的相關(guān)性,可能為變異型BECT患兒臨床治療效果不佳的原因之一。因此,注意維持患兒體內(nèi)血微量元素的水平穩(wěn)定,可能對(duì)提高變異型BECT的治愈率起著重要的作用。本研究為變異型BECT的臨床防治提供了新的理論基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)一步研究變異型BECT的發(fā)病機(jī)制及原因,是今后工作中主要的研究方向。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]Kugler SL,Bali B,Lieberman P.An autosomal dominant Genetically heterogeneous variant of rolandic epilepsy and Speech disorder[J].Epilepsia,2008,49(6):1086-1090.
[2]Fejerman N.Atypical rolandic epilepsy[J].Epilepsia,2009, 50(S7):9-12.
[3]Kramer U.Atypieal presentations of benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes:A review[J].J Child Neurol,2008,23(7):785-790.
[4]Propisal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes[J].Epilepsia,1989,30(4):389.
[5]McCall KA,Huang C,F(xiàn)imke CA.Function and mechanism of Zn metalloenzymes[J].J Nutr,2017,130(5S):1437S-1446S.
[6]Lillywhite LM,SMing MM.Harvey AS,et al.Neuropsychological and functional MRI studies provide converging evidence of anterior language dysfuction in BECTS[J].Epilepsia,2017,50(10):2276-2284.
[7]卿蕊.多糖鐵復(fù)合物治療76例兒童缺鐵性貧血療效分析[J].中國(guó)現(xiàn)代藥物應(yīng)用,2010,4(3):111-112.
[8]EngelJ Jr.A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptie Sei-zures and with epilepsy:report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology[J].Epilepsia,2001,42(6):796-803.
[9]Rudolf G,Valenti MP,Hirsch E,et al.From rolandic epilepsy to continuous spike-and-waves during sleep and Landau-Kleffner syndromes:Insights into possible genetic factors[J].Epilepsia,2009,50(S7):25-28.
[10]Chi ZH,Wang X,Cai JQ,et al.Zn transporter 3 immunohistochemical tracing of sprouting mossy fibres[J].Neurochem,2017,52(6),1305-1309.
[11]黃彩芝.原發(fā)性癲癇兒童末梢血微量元素水平觀察[J].醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究,2008,11(25):2070-2071.
[12]Steinlein OK,Neubauer BA,Sallder T,et al.Mutation analysis of the potassium chloride cotransporter KCC3(SLCl2A6)in rolandic and Idiopathic generalized epilepsy[J].Epilepsy Res,2017,44(2-3):191-195.
[13]Danielsson J,Petermann F.Cognitive deficits in children with benign mlandie epilepsy of childhood or rolandic discharges:A study of children between 4 and 7 years of age with and without seizures compared with healthy controls[J].Epilepsy Behav,2016,16(4):646-651.
[14]Faylon MP,Koltes DE,Spurlock DM.Regulation of lipid droplet-associated proteins following growth hormone administration and feed restriction in lactating Holstein cows[J].Dairy Sci,2017,97(3):2847-2855.
[15]Murakami M,Hirano T.Intracellular Zn homeostasis and Zn signaling[J].Cancer Sci,2017,9(3):1515-1522.
(收稿日期:2019-08-28 ?本文編輯:焦曌元)