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      視角獨(dú)特,才能多面

      2019-01-31 17:46:30宋云峰
      英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí) 2019年1期
      關(guān)鍵詞:探戈珍妮特酒會(huì)

      宋云峰

      一、多面的藝術(shù)才能

      薩莉·波特(Sally Potter)1949年出生于英國(guó)倫敦,母親是位音樂教師,父親則是位室內(nèi)裝潢設(shè)計(jì)師和詩(shī)人,均為無(wú)神論者。這樣的家庭背景對(duì)波特的審美趣味和才能愛好影響很大。當(dāng)被問及其家庭背景如何影響她后來的電影創(chuàng)作時(shí),波特說:“I came from an atheist(無(wú)神論者)background and an anarchist(無(wú)政府主義者)background, which meant that I grew up in an environment that was full of questions, where nothing could be taken for granted.”

      14歲時(shí),叔父給了她一個(gè)8毫米攝影機(jī),于是波特開始通過拍攝電影來自?shī)首詷贰?0世紀(jì)70年代初,波特加入了倫敦電影人協(xié)會(huì)(London Film-Makers Co-op),開始制作實(shí)驗(yàn)性短片;后來她又在倫敦當(dāng)代舞蹈學(xué)院(London Contemporary Dance School)接受培訓(xùn),成為了一名舞蹈演員和舞美設(shè)計(jì)師。

      由于她的舞蹈天分和刻苦努力,波特成為了一位舞蹈表演家和戲劇導(dǎo)演,她參演和導(dǎo)演的戲劇舞蹈也獲得嘉獎(jiǎng),例如《死亡與少女》(Death and the Maiden)和《柏林》(Berlin)。除此之外,波特還擔(dān)任幾個(gè)流行樂隊(duì)的歌詞作家和歌手。更令人驚奇的是,她還與作曲家林賽·庫(kù)珀(Lindsay Cooper)為巡演歌曲《啊,莫斯科》(“Oh Moscow”)共同譜曲。該曲在20世紀(jì)80年代后期在俄羅斯乃至整個(gè)歐洲和北美巡演并被錄制成歌曲發(fā)行。由此看來,后來波特為自己創(chuàng)作的電影《奧蘭多》(Orlando)配樂,為《探戈課》(The Tango Lesson)譜曲并演唱就不足為奇了。

      在談到舞蹈表演和舞美設(shè)計(jì)生涯對(duì)自己創(chuàng)作電影的影響時(shí),波特評(píng)論道:“Choreography(編舞/舞美設(shè)計(jì))was the perfect ‘poor theatre. All you needed were willing bodies and some space. So it was as a choreographer that I learnt how to direct and it was as a dancer that I learnt how to work.”

      二、《奧蘭多》(Orlando, 1992)

      作為電影導(dǎo)演,波特引起國(guó)際影壇的注意是在1992年——她費(fèi)時(shí)多年、嘔心瀝血改編并導(dǎo)演的故事片《奧蘭多》獲得了國(guó)際發(fā)行權(quán)和廣泛贊譽(yù)。影片改編自英國(guó)作家弗吉尼婭·伍爾夫(Virginia Woolf)的同名小說,由英國(guó)著名女演員蒂爾達(dá)·斯溫頓(Tilda Swinton)主演。在此之前,人們普遍認(rèn)為這種改編是不可能的,因?yàn)楣适碌目缍乳L(zhǎng)達(dá)400年,講述了主人公從男性變?yōu)榕缘男穆窔v程。但波特的改編卻大獲成功,獲得了兩項(xiàng)奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)提名和另外25個(gè)國(guó)際電影節(jié)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),其中包括歐洲電影學(xué)會(huì)為最佳歐洲青年電影設(shè)立的費(fèi)利克斯獎(jiǎng)和圣彼得堡國(guó)際電影節(jié)一等獎(jiǎng)。

      根據(jù)電影的主題和風(fēng)格,人們往往將《奧蘭多》視作一部女權(quán)主義(feminist)電影,但波特卻拒絕給這部影片貼上任何標(biāo)簽。她宣稱,之所以拍攝這部電影,是因?yàn)橄胍宫F(xiàn)男性和女性各自面對(duì)的困難。在接受采訪時(shí),波特進(jìn)一步闡釋了濫用女權(quán)主義標(biāo)簽的壞處:“I have come to the conclusion that I cant use that term in my work. Not because of a disavowal(否認(rèn))of the underlying principles that gave birth to that word—the commitment to liberation, dignity, equality. But it has become a trigger word(觸發(fā)詞)that stops peoples thinking. You literally see peoples eyes glaze over with exhaustion(疲憊)when the word flashes into the conversation.”

      精彩臺(tái)詞

      French vs English

      [speaking in French]

      Princess Sasha: You speak French?

      Orlando: A bit. But most of the English(英國(guó)人)cant... dont want to speak other languages.

      Princess Sasha: But how do they communicate with foreigners?

      Orlando: They speak English louder. Real Man vs Real Woman

      Orlando: If I were a man...

      Shelmerdine: You?

      Orlando: I might choose not to risk my life for an uncertain cause. I might think that freedom won by death is not worth having. In fact...

      Shelmerdine: You might choose not to be a real man at all. Say, if I were a woman...

      Orlando: You?

      Shelmerdine: I might choose not to sacrifice my life caring for my children, nor my childrens children, nor to drown anonymously(默默無(wú)聞地)in the milk of female kindness, but instead, say, to go abroad. Would I then be...

      Orlando: A real woman?

      三、《探戈課》(The Tango Lesson, 1996)

      1996年波特發(fā)行了她的第二部故事片《探戈課》。在影片中,她與著名舞蹈家巴勃羅·沃倫合作出演男女主人公,表現(xiàn)男女舞蹈者在雙人舞合作過程中的肢體互動(dòng)和心理沖突?!短礁暾n》在威尼斯電影節(jié)上首映,并接連在阿根廷、英國(guó)和美國(guó)的電影節(jié)或評(píng)獎(jiǎng)會(huì)上獲得好評(píng)或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。實(shí)際上,《探戈課》的情節(jié)是基于波特本人在創(chuàng)作《憤怒》(Rage)期間向舞蹈家沃倫學(xué)習(xí)阿根廷探戈舞的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷,可以視為一部探討性別角色的差異與沖突的半自傳性電影。

      《探戈課》也是波特的電影表演處女作,影片以黑白的形式呈現(xiàn),具有很強(qiáng)的個(gè)性風(fēng)格。關(guān)于決定自導(dǎo)自演這件事,波特說是出自對(duì)舞蹈藝術(shù)強(qiáng)烈的愛好:“I knew that I had to perform in this one because the impetus(沖動(dòng))for the film came out of my own desire to dance.”波特與沃倫的專業(yè)舞蹈合作延續(xù)到她后來的電影《縱情四海》(The Man Who Cried, 2000)和舞臺(tái)劇《卡門》(Carmen, 2007)。

      精彩臺(tái)詞

      Identity

      Pablo: I am a dancer. And a Jew.

      Destiny

      Sally: How did you choose the tango?

      Pablo: I didnt. The tango chose me.

      Leading

      Sally: It doesnt suit me to follow. It suits me to lead, and you cant deal with that.

      四、《我要》(Yes, 2004)

      波特于2004年發(fā)行了更具實(shí)驗(yàn)性的影片《我要》。該片以詩(shī)歌的形式呈現(xiàn)了美國(guó)遭受“911”恐怖襲擊后的種族關(guān)系和性別關(guān)系。

      在影片中,女主人公“她”(She)是一位嫁給虛偽政客安東尼并陷入無(wú)愛婚姻的科學(xué)家,而“他”(He)則是一位自我放逐、在一家倫敦餐廳打工的黎巴嫩醫(yī)生。他們?cè)谝淮窝鐣?huì)上相遇,一見鐘情,度過了一段無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的時(shí)光。然而“他”在英國(guó)感受到的對(duì)穆斯林移民的歧視致使“他”與“她”不辭而別,回到自己的祖國(guó)黎巴嫩。“她”則決定刨根問底,追尋“他”離開的緣由。故事由此展開,轉(zhuǎn)為對(duì)兩性關(guān)系的探索。

      關(guān)于《我要》的有限預(yù)算和電影風(fēng)格,波特作了如下解釋:“Originally I was trying to figure out how we could shoot this film without any lights, because there didnt seem to be enough money in the budget to have any. One solution was to shoot at six frames a second(每秒六格), or even three. Later you print each frame four(or eight) times to bring it into sync(同步)at twentyfour frames per second(每秒24格,電影膠片正常的放映速度). You can shoot almost in the dark, and still see peoples faces... we did some tests and found that it was very beautiful; so I decided to make it part of the language of the film.”

      精彩臺(tái)詞

      How to die

      Aunt: If and when I die / I want to see you cry / I want to see you tear your hair / Your howls(嚎叫)of anguish fill the air / I want to see you beat your breast / And rend(用力撕裂)your clothes and all the rest / And, sobbing, fall upon my bed / I want to know that I am dead.

      五、《酒會(huì)》(The Party, 2017)

      波特最近拍攝的影片是2017年上映的《酒會(huì)》,影片以室內(nèi)劇的形式呈現(xiàn)。榮升影子內(nèi)閣衛(wèi)生大臣的中年女人珍妮特邀請(qǐng)幾位好友到家里來一起慶祝。參加家庭慶祝酒會(huì)的包括珍妮特的丈夫、自我否定的大學(xué)教授比爾,靈修導(dǎo)師戈特弗里德和他憤世嫉俗的妻子阿普麗爾,在同性伴侶關(guān)系中處于強(qiáng)勢(shì)地位的瑪莎和其伴侶、通過體外受精懷了三個(gè)孩子的吉尼,以及衣冠楚楚的銀行家和癮君子湯姆。一場(chǎng)慶祝珍妮特升職的酒會(huì)把這些所謂的社會(huì)精英們聚在了一起,在狹窄的空間里彼此試探、挑釁、周旋,直至每個(gè)人的秘密被捅破。影片通過展現(xiàn)人物之間的矛盾和沖突揭示人類生存的荒謬性,諷刺了英國(guó)社會(huì)精英的脆弱以及知識(shí)分子生活的虛偽和混亂。

      精彩臺(tái)詞

      Hormones(荷爾蒙)and Thinking

      Martha: Well, someone has to do the thinking. Especially now that you are taking care of the animal side of things.

      Jinny: Animal? Is that what you think Ive become? A few more hormones helping my body to support new life, and suddenly Im an animal?

      “Useless”

      April: Babies, excuse me Jinny, Martha, babies get born every day in extremely large numbers to the point of endangering(危害)the planet and all our futures. Its not every day, however, that one of us becomes a minister. In your entirely rotten and useless opposition party(反對(duì)黨).

      綜上所述,薩莉·波特是一位才華橫溢、視角獨(dú)特的當(dāng)代英國(guó)女導(dǎo)演。她的電影通過細(xì)膩的情節(jié)和獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格展示人性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),尤其是探討兩性關(guān)系的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)。她的影片在豐富英國(guó)當(dāng)代電影的主題和類型方面有著不可忽視的作用。

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