劇院建筑

編譯：季嘉葵

英國劇場技師協(xié)會(Association of British Theatre Technicians，簡稱ABTT，成立于1961年)于1972年制作了第一部劇院設計和規(guī)劃指南。在1986年修訂后，成為任何涉及劇院建筑、裝修或者創(chuàng)造一個表現空間的標準參考。2010年由該組織出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）編輯的《劇院建筑設計指南》（

Theatre Buildings:A Design Guide

）一書，是其繼承者。

這本書使讀者了解了劇院的規(guī)劃和設計的全過程。它在建筑物的每一個區(qū)域都有詳細的注解，包括房子前面、禮堂、后臺和行政辦公區(qū)域。它聚焦于一些具體的指導，比如音響、舞臺工程、燈光、聲音和視頻，禮堂和舞臺的尺寸等等。餐飲、會議和教育使用等方面也包括在內。書中涵蓋了28座劇院的案例，《歌劇》雜志將編譯其中精彩的個案，與業(yè)界共同分享。

劇院建筑設計指南之墨爾本戲劇公司劇場

Melbourne Theatre Company Theatre from

Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

墨爾本，澳大利亞維多利亞州

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

墨爾本戲劇公司（MTC）是澳大利亞歷史最悠久的劇團。自1954年成立以來遷址多次，有過許多不同的駐地，但一直都作為墨爾本大學的一個院系存在著。

概 要

劇院類型和運營形式

為上演墨爾本戲劇公司的制作而專門建造的劇院，設有兩個觀眾廳。

地址和網站

墨爾本，澳大利亞維多利亞州www.mtc.au

建筑計劃

建筑工期為2006年6月至2008年12月，2009年初投入使用。

觀眾席

主廳（500至550個座位）：主要為戲劇設計，設有深舞臺、全飛控設施和樂池。小廳（180個座位）：可調節(jié)的空間。

舞臺

平坦的傳統(tǒng)式臺口（最大可達9米高、16米寬），前臺口及樂池可供選擇。舞臺寬度為26米（含側臺空間），飛控廊道間距為21米。舞臺深度為19米，包括6米深的后臺。到柵頂高度為20米，到飛控廊道高度為9米。組合式全舞臺地板。

建筑師

ARM建筑師事務所的伊恩·麥克杜格爾和彼得·比克爾，澳大利亞墨爾本。項目管理：維多利亞州政府大項目組。

劇院（設計和技術）顧問

墨爾本戲劇公司與Entertech劇院顧問公司。

聲學顧問

奧雅納工程顧問公司。

造價

2009年的5500萬澳元（其中4000萬澳元由墨爾本大學捐贈，緣于墨爾本戲劇公司是其下屬院系）。

Melbourne Theatre Company (MTC) is Australia’s oldest theatre company. Since its foundation in 1954, it has occupied various different homes while remaining a Department of Melbourne University (which it still is).

2009年初，墨爾本戲劇公司終于搬進了屬于自己的駐地——包括薩姆納劇院（500個至550個座位）和勞勒工作室（180個座位）在內的一個引人注目的建筑群，緊鄰墨爾本體育中心，兩者由相同的建筑師設計，并在同一時期建造。

The MTC finally moved into its own building early in 2009 – a striking complex comprising the Sumner Theatre (seating 500-550) and the Lawler Studio (seating 180). Immediately adjacent is the Melbourne Recital Centre, designed by the same architects and built at the same time.

2017年河北省非油氣持證礦山企業(yè)工業(yè)總產值549.57億元。其中，能源礦產301.64億元(煤礦287.33億元)，黑色金屬礦產195.26億元(全為鐵礦產值)，有色金屬礦產9.25億元，貴重金屬礦產1.70億元，冶金輔助原料非金屬礦產1.88億元，化工原料非金屬礦產3.83億元，建材和其它非金屬礦產20.33億元，礦泉水0.38億元。2017年河北省非油氣持證礦山企業(yè)工業(yè)總產值較上年增加131.30億元，增長23.89%。

建造劇場的目的在于建立一個平等、動態(tài)的工作空間，強調靈活使用和易于操作的重要性。墨爾本戲

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Purpose-built theatre with two auditoria designed to house Melbourne Theatre Company productions.

Location and web reference

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

www.mtc.au

Building programme

Construction stage ran from June 2006 to December 2008. Building opened early 2009.

Auditorium

Main auditorium (seating 500-550) –designed primarily for drama with deep stage,full flying facilities and orchestra pit. Smaller auditorium (seating 180) – adaptable space.

Stages

Flat, traditional proscenium (variable up to 9m high × 16m wide) with an optional forestage or orchestra pit. Stage width is 26m (with wing space) and 21m between fly galleries. The stage depth is 19m including 6m of rear stage. The height is 20m to grid and 9m to fly galleries. Fully modular stage floor.

Architect

Ian McDougall and Peter Bickle of Ashton Raggart McDougal, Melbourne, Australia.Project managed by： Major Projects Victoria for Victorian State Government.

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Melbourne Theatre Company with Entertech Theatre Consultants.

Acoustic consultants

Arup.

Building cost

AUS$55 million in 2009 (AUS$40 million contributed by University of Melbourne of which MTC is a Department).劇公司還希望該建筑能營造出戲劇氛圍和歸屬感，最終通過競標選出專業(yè)的設計團隊。

主觀眾席與亮起的“戲劇名言”墻

The brief for the theatre called for an egalitarian,dynamic working space, emphasizing the importance of flexibility in use and ease of operation. MTC also wanted a sense of theatricality and of destination. The specialist design team was selected by competition.

劇場外觀由高亮白色管道構成外層結構，這些管道從建筑結構黑色緞面鋁包層的實際外墻上向前延伸。這種設計使得建筑充滿生氣，當人們在白天經過時，會感覺管道似乎在移動和變化；而夜晚時，這些管道會被點亮。

The exterior of the theatre comprises an exoskeleton of highlighted white piping that is brought forward off the satin-finished black aluminum cladding of the actual mass of the structure. This animates the building both during the day, when the piping appears to shift and change as you pass by, and by night, when it is illuminated. The two auditoria share generous foyers, with a café and bars,offering views across the city. Striking forms and bright colours serve to animate the spaces.

主廳迎合戲劇風格的需要，其深色的木墻上鮮明地裝飾著過去的戲劇經典名句，并且可以根據演出的需要變暗或者改變顏色。薩姆納劇院的前臺是完全可變的，可以改變空間以適應舞臺演出規(guī)模的需要。劇場配有全套的自動飛控設施、模塊化的舞臺地板、充足的化裝間空間，演職員集中的辦公室以及重要的技術基礎設施裝置——包括電力設施、數據設施以及整個場地的傳動裝置。同樣地，勞勒工作室的空間也是可以完全重構的，該場地具有飛行桁架網格、模塊化座椅系統(tǒng)以及它自己的化裝間和高質量設備。

The main auditorium picks up on the requirement for theatricality with its dark timber walls illuminated by quotes from past plays, dimmed or colour changed as productions require. The proscenium for the Sumner is fully adjustable, allowing the room to be varied to fit the scale of the productions on stage. There are full power flying facilities, a modular stage floor, ample dressing room space, centralized offices for staff and significant installations of technical infrastructure – including power, data and rigging points across the entire venue.Likewise the Lawler Studio space is fully reconfigurable with a flown truss grid, modular seating system, and its own dressing rooms and high-quality equipment.

整個建筑的周邊設計都考慮到了方便演員、劇組人員和觀眾的出行問題。從建筑的入口處到所有的化裝間、舞臺區(qū)域和辦公室，都鋪有平坦的地板，電梯可以到達劇場的各個層面。各種隱藏的門使得演員和工作人員能夠穿過劇場，而不會被觀眾的人流絆住，并給導演增加了靈活性，在整個觀眾席的周圍都可以設置演員的進出點。

Access around the entire building has been designed to facilitate cast, crew and audience movement. There is flat-floor travel from the entry of the building to all dressing rooms, stage areas and offices and lift access to all levels of the building. Various hidden doors enable cast and crew to move through the building without being caught in audience crushes and allow directors increased flexibility for actors’ entry or exit points around the entire auditorium.