比耶靈斯別墅，烏得勒支，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：羅查– 蒂伯爾建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

與許多城市開發(fā)區(qū)一樣，烏得勒支萊德切里茵蓬勃發(fā)展的新城區(qū)也為新地塊提供了開發(fā)空間。居民可按自己的意愿在這里親手造房或聘請(qǐng)建筑師幫助建造。M·比耶靈斯和V·德哈斯聘請(qǐng)了羅查-蒂伯爾建筑事務(wù)所來打造一棟可稱為“雕塑別墅”的住宅，或者更有創(chuàng)意地稱其為“魔盒”或“魔眼木屋”。

這棟住宅的主要區(qū)域有240m2，是該建筑的核心部分。就室內(nèi)布局而言，重中之重是可欣賞多樣的鄉(xiāng)村景觀。與此同時(shí)，建筑又需要避免與相鄰的住宅有視覺接觸。在較高樓層，這些“眼睛”變成了“光之手指”，迎接陽光，呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)天白云?！把劬Α焙汀笆种浮惫餐瑳Q定了住宅的布局，演變成一場(chǎng)空間交會(huì)的精準(zhǔn)游戲。起居室的一扇窗戶仿佛是一幅以后面的圍墾地為主題的巨型油畫。

建筑師安娜·羅查是一位善于小建筑創(chuàng)作的大師。她在阿爾梅勒設(shè)計(jì)了“修身之作”，一棟占地16m2的微型住宅，由3層樓組成，共50m2。這棟纖細(xì)的建筑既可在花園中獨(dú)樹一幟，又能在城市環(huán)境中依附于“兄弟姐妹”?！?（呂德·布勞韋斯 文，王單單 譯）

2 示意圖/Diagram

Like many urban development zones, the sprawling new city area of Utrecht's Leidsche Rijn provided space for new plots. Based on their own vision, residents could build or have their own house be built here, with or without the help of an architect. M. Bierings and V. de Haas hired Rocha Tombal Architecten to create what can be called a sculptural living house. Or, with a bit of creativity,you could call it a "magic box" or "house with eyes on sticks".

The house's main area has a surface of 240m2and serves as the core. Taking into account the interior's layout, the focus is on the varied countryside landscape. At the same time, this avoids visual contact with the adjacent houses. On the higher levels of the house, the eyes become "fingers of light" that scoop the daylight and show cloudfilled skies. Eyes and fingers determine the house's layout, resulting in an accurate game of space and intersections. In the living room, a window functions as a large painting of the polder behind.

Architect Ana Rocha is a masters in working on small surfaces. In Almere she designed Slim Fit, a tiny house on a 16 square metre surface, consisting of 3 floors with a total surface of 50 square metres.With its slimness, Slim Fit can stand alone in a garden but can also be attached to brothers and sisters in an urban setting.□ (Text by Ruud Brouwers, Translated from Dutch by Li-Anne Krol,Proofread by Rens van Hedel)

3 草圖/Sketchs

4 草圖/Sketchs

5 剖面/Section

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 草圖/Sketchs

8 草圖/Sketchs

評(píng)論

和馬町：住宅的功能，是建筑師設(shè)置？還是為了居住而設(shè)？亦或兩者都有？

在烏得勒支城外萊德切里茵新住宅開發(fā)的項(xiàng)目中，許多年輕的家庭正試圖在這種環(huán)境中找尋容身之地，并定義身份。當(dāng)你有機(jī)會(huì)像建筑師一樣，在這個(gè)新環(huán)境中發(fā)聲時(shí)，你是想要努力融入其中，亦或直言不諱？還是害羞含蓄？

該項(xiàng)目選擇了直接發(fā)聲“你好，我在這兒”，但同時(shí)又非常含蓄。荷蘭式住宅以展示居民的日常生活而聞名，而該項(xiàng)目缺少典型荷蘭式住宅的開放性特征。基于內(nèi)部流線，項(xiàng)目的嚴(yán)肅性、透明性和實(shí)用性都做了改造、解構(gòu)和重建。

該項(xiàng)目嚴(yán)格遵循了基本的幾何形體和限制條件，這一點(diǎn)非常成功。因此，作為一個(gè)雕塑性的實(shí)踐，呈現(xiàn)出的結(jié)果還是可以贊賞的。

然而，這是一棟住宅，而非一座雕塑，這種“刻板”似乎影響了室內(nèi)的生活空間。（天妮 譯）

張淼：這個(gè)小住宅位于荷蘭烏得勒支一個(gè)扇形布局的低密度居住區(qū)中靠近尖角的位置。在規(guī)劃部門對(duì)于獨(dú)棟住宅必須建造雙坡屋頂?shù)膹?qiáng)制要求下，建筑師通過雕塑化的設(shè)計(jì)語言充分挖掘了雙坡屋頂作為一種建筑類型的潛力。

建筑師在最基本的雙坡頂建筑體量上，根據(jù)內(nèi)部功能需求（采光、通風(fēng)）和外部環(huán)境關(guān)系（視線、安全）附加了9個(gè)形態(tài)各異的凸起造型，它們有的是廚房煙囪、閣樓天窗，有的是避免與鄰居對(duì)視的立面開窗和客廳落地采光窗等等。而在房子里，每個(gè)房間都因?yàn)檫@些窗的造型構(gòu)成形態(tài)各異的空間，提供了獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)。建造完成的建筑外表由木格柵包裹，仿佛一個(gè)會(huì)呼吸的生物體一般，向周遭釋放出獨(dú)特的能量。住宅內(nèi)部由一個(gè)寬敞的客廳、3間臥室和儲(chǔ)藏室等功能組成，存儲(chǔ)空間也被整合在墻體的厚度內(nèi)。經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計(jì)的、如同美術(shù)館一般純凈獨(dú)特的房間內(nèi)，日常的生活又是怎樣的色彩，可能只有這個(gè)房子的主人才體會(huì)得到吧。

9 外景/Exterior view

10 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Comments

Martijn de Geus:The function of a house. A house for architects? Or a house to live in? Or both?

In the new tabula-rase housing development outside of the city of Utrecht, Leidsche Rijn, (young)families are trying to find ways of making a place, and of defining their identity in this environment. When you have the chance to make a statement in this fresh environment, like this architect could, should you keep do try to fit in, will you be outspoken and flamboyant,or shy and introvert?

This project has chosen to make a statement"hello, here I am", but at the same time remains very introverted. It lacks the typical open character of Dutch houses, that famously display the life of the inhabitants for everyone to see. The typical sober,transparent, pragmatic archetype has here been transformed, deconstructed, and re-constructed, based on the interior sequence of the building.

Yes, it has been very successful in keeping very strictly to the basic geometries and constraints that follow from this dictated sequence, therefore, as a sculptural exercise we can admire its result.

However, it is a house, not a sculpture, and the living spaces inside seem to suffer from this rigidity.

ZHANG Miao:This small house is located near the corner in a fan-shaped low-density residential area in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Under the compulsory requirement given by the planning department that a single house must be built with a double-pitched roof, the architects have fully explored the potential of the double-pitched roof as a building type through sculptural design language.

According to the internal functional requirements(lighting, ventilation) and the external environmental relations (sight, safety), the architects add nine different shapes of bulges to the basic volume of a double-pitched roof building. Some of them are kitchen chimneys, attic skylights, some are facade windows that avoid eye contacts with the neighbours and living room floor-to-ceiling lighting windows,etc. In the house, each of the rooms forms a different space because of the shape of the windows, and thus forming its own unique experience. The finished building is wrapped in wooden grilles on the facades and releases unique energy to the surroundings like a breathing organism. The interior of the house consists of a spacious living room, three bedrooms and other functions such as storage rooms. The storage space is also integrated into the thickness of the wall. What are the colors of everyday life in this well-designed room as pure and unique as an art gallery, may be appreciated only by the owner of the house. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

11 內(nèi)景/Interior views

12 內(nèi)景/Interior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Bierings

主管建筑師/Project Architect: Rocha Tombal Architects:Ana Rocha, Michel Tombal

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Iwona Wozniakowska, Enrique Otero Neira, Elena Cabrera Vacas

施工/Construction: Pieters Bouwtechniek Delft bv

承包商/Contractor: Aannemingsbedrijf de Hek bv, Giessen/Oudekerk

園林設(shè)計(jì)師/Garden Architect: Berthe Jongejan

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師/Interior Architect: Rocha Tombal Architects

電氣設(shè)施/Electric Installations: ETB Houwelingen bv,Molenaarsgraaf

水設(shè)施/Water Installations: Hak installatieservice bv,Giessenburg

體積/Volume: 927m3

總面積/Total Area: 239m2(Gross)

可用面積/Useful Area: 204m2(Net)

總成本（截至2008年3月，不含地面/廚房/花園）/Total Costs: € 410.000 (price 2008.03, excl. ground/kitchen /garden)

每平方米成本/Costs per m2: € 1716

每立方米成本/Costs per m3: € 442

設(shè)計(jì)周期/Design Dates: 2006.09 – 2008.01

建造周期/Building Dates: 2008.03 – 2009.02

繪圖/Drawings: Rocha Tombal Architecture

攝影/Photos: Christian Richters