波拉克樓，伊拉斯謨大學(xué)，鹿特丹，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：保羅·德勒伊特建筑事務(wù)所

大學(xué)設(shè)想了一種新的學(xué)習(xí)景觀：一棟校園建筑可讓團(tuán)隊(duì)和/或?qū)W生聚集在一起，傳授知識(shí)，與外界保持聯(lián)系。當(dāng)人們談?wù)撈疬@棟新型多功能教學(xué)樓時(shí)，資源庫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境、數(shù)據(jù)流等術(shù)語將屢見不鮮，靈活性與互動(dòng)性也在此列。這些術(shù)語、概念以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的最新理念都是由保羅·德勒伊特建筑事務(wù)所專為波拉克樓整合而成。該建筑以一位受人尊敬的教授命名，坐落于伊拉斯姆斯大學(xué)區(qū)登施坦恩園區(qū)中。

這座建筑如同階梯狀的風(fēng)筒一般吸收陽光。陽光間接地穿過中庭的玻璃上方，使房間的溫度舒適宜人。熱鬧的區(qū)域及其大學(xué)教室與各種團(tuán)體一同位于樓下。臺(tái)階沿著風(fēng)筒壁仿佛折疊的螺旋樓梯井，往愈加安靜之處延伸。木制內(nèi)飾不斷變化，部分地板抬升，形成座椅與桌面。

透明立面上的垂直百葉窗并非用來裝飾以營造大樓立面漸變的效果，盡管的確有這般效果。這些精密的設(shè)備利用建筑物周圍的風(fēng)來換氣，盡可能避免使用機(jī)械的氣候控制系統(tǒng)?！?（呂德·布勞韋斯文，王單單 譯）

2 總平面/Site plan

Universities envision a new study landscape,a building on the campus in which teams and/or individual students gather and transfer knowledge,while connected to the outside world. Repository,network environments and data flows are the kinds of terms that you hear when talking about this new kind of multifunctional educational building.Flexible and interactive also fit this list. These terms and concepts, along with the newest ideas in sustainability, have been combined by Paul de Ruiter Architects for the Polak Building, named after an esteemed professor, on the Woudenstein campus of Erasmus University Rotterdam.

The building catches sunlight like a stepped funnel. Daylight indirectly enters through the glass top above the atrium which results in a comfortable room temperature. The lively part with its college rooms and many movements is located downstairs.Stairs alongside the walls of the funnel, like a folded out spiral staircase, climb upwards where it becomes increasingly quiet. The wooden interior continually changes. Part of the floor can merge into a seat and a tabletop.

The vertical blinds on the transparent facades are not meant as ornaments to give the building a progressive image, nevertheless they do. As precision equipment, they provide fresh air and discharge air by using the wind around the building.Where possible, mechanical climate control was avoided.□(Text by Ruud Brouwers, Translated from Dutch by Li-Anne Krol, Proofread by Rens van Hedel)

3 外景/Exterior view

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 三層平面/2nd floor plan

6 五層平面/4th floor plan

7 剖面/Sections

8 剖面/Sections

9 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

唐康碩：如今在歐洲，大學(xué)的教育方式和學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境有了很大的改變， 一種更加自由、社會(huì)化的學(xué)習(xí)方式逐漸開始普及，這也歸功于社交方式和社會(huì)生產(chǎn)方式的革新。伊拉斯謨大學(xué)的波拉克樓就是這種新型學(xué)習(xí)空間的一次嘗試。

該建筑從外部看來是一個(gè)非常普通的方形6層高房子，建筑外表皮為全玻璃幕墻。建筑師希望通過透明玻璃幕墻的使用來模糊建筑的內(nèi)外邊界，從而把大學(xué)校園里的學(xué)習(xí)、生活氛圍帶入建筑內(nèi)部。

建筑中央的大臺(tái)階脫胎于赫茲伯格的蒙臺(tái)梭利學(xué)?？臻g原型，大臺(tái)階作為開放的共享空間，把首層的門廳、報(bào)告廳和二層之上的通高采光中庭聯(lián)系起來。大臺(tái)階除了可以舉辦室外課堂和小型講座之外，也是學(xué)生們休憩和相遇的場(chǎng)所。與傳統(tǒng)的校園建筑相比，波拉克樓中的交往空間比例明顯偏大，這也是對(duì)于這種社會(huì)化的知識(shí)傳播方式在空間上的回應(yīng)。

貫通了三至六層的采光中庭由兩組螺旋狀分布的樓梯連接各層空間，越往上走教室和學(xué)習(xí)空間的規(guī)模就越小，可以滿足900個(gè)學(xué)生的使用。有著雙螺旋樓梯的采光中庭作為建筑內(nèi)部的核心公共空間，營造了豐富的室外體驗(yàn)，這也呼應(yīng)了建筑師試圖模糊建筑內(nèi)外空間的初衷。

李文麗：大學(xué)不是封閉的象牙塔，這一理念體現(xiàn)在該大學(xué)真實(shí)的教學(xué)空間設(shè)計(jì)中。建筑地面層包含多種城市功能，通過中庭二層以上所布置的兩組螺旋形樓梯創(chuàng)造了類似于街道的開放氛圍，并提供了大小和私密感差異化的教學(xué)空間，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體獲取信息和知識(shí)的多種選擇。這一自由的旋律延伸到建筑的外立面。通過結(jié)合通風(fēng)孔的遮陽板在不同高度和方位的密度漸變產(chǎn)生的韻律，可以對(duì)室內(nèi)間接自然光和自然通風(fēng)加以調(diào)節(jié)。透明漸變與光影交替的節(jié)奏，在莊重的大學(xué)建筑立面儀式感與靈活性之間尋找著平衡。表皮傳遞著技術(shù)與審美的務(wù)實(shí)態(tài)度，并延伸到室內(nèi)空間設(shè)計(jì)中。

Comments

TANG Kangshuo:Nowadays in Europe, educateing methods and learning environments of universities have changed a lot. A more liberal and socialised way of learning is becoming more and more popular, thanks to innovations in ways of social communication and social production. The Polak Building in the University of Erasmus is an attempt of this kind of new learning spaces.

The exterior of the building looks like a very ordinary rectangular six-storey house covered with glass curtain walls on its outer facade. The architects hope to blur the internal and external boundaries of the building with the use of transparent glass curtain walls, thereby bringing the learning and living atmosphere of the campus into the building.

The large steps in the centre of the building are derived from the space prototype of the Montessori School by Herzberg. As an open shared space, the large steps link the foyer and the lecture hall on the first floor, to the high skylight lit atrium above the second floor. In addition to holding classes and small lectures outside the classrooms, the large steps are also a place for students to relax and meet. Compared with traditional school buildings, the proportion of communication space in Polak Building is obviously larger, which is also a spatial response to this socialised way of knowledge transmission.

The lighting atrium, which runs through three to six floors, has arranged two sets of spiral staircases connecting the floors. The higher you walk up, the smaller the classrooms and learning spaces. They can be used by 900 students. As the core public space inside the building, the lighting atrium with the double spiral staircases creates a rich outdoor experience on the other hand. This also echoes the architects'intention to blur the boundaries between interior and exterior space of the building. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

10 天井/Patio

11 內(nèi)景/Interior views

12 內(nèi)景/Interior views

LI Wenli:The university is no longer socially detached from the surroundings. To make the ground floor an urban place, some programs are arranged for public services. Two groups of staircases have occupied the atrium and turned around from the first floor upstairs,relating to different learning spaces and meeting area, which creates an atmosphere somehow arouses the memory of the urban streets. The intension is to provide the individual more options for the knowledge and information. The facade has tried to find out a balance between a rigorous and a flexible appearance,which realised by the rhythm created by the shading system of different density for natural light and ventilation. The facade surfaces promise an attitude of pragmatism, and the internal space as well.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

總建筑師/Architect in Charge: Paul de Ruiter, Noud Paes

承包商/Contractor: SMT Bouw

制造商/Manufacturers: AGC, Schüco, De Groot Vroomshoop,Pulastic, Brakel Atmos, Van Eck

項(xiàng)目主管/Project Leader: Marlous Vriethoff

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Laura van de Pol, Richard Buijs,Marieke Sijm

施工顧問/Advisor Construction: Van Rossum

設(shè)施顧問/Advisor installations: VIAC

建筑物理顧問/Advisor Building Physics: LBP Sight

施工造價(jià)顧問/Advisor Construction Costs: bbn adviseurs電子設(shè)施/E-installations: Croon

WTB設(shè)施/WTB-Installations: Wolter & Dros TBI Techniek施工/Constructor: Palte

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Architect: Paul de Ruiter Architects

城市規(guī)劃/Urban Planning: Juurlink[+]Geluk, bureau JvantSpijker

面積/Area: 8400m2

繪圖/Drawings: Paul de Ruiter Architects

攝影/Photos: Jeroen Musch