花園洋房，阿爾梅勒，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：科思–泰蘭斯建筑事務(wù)所

阿爾梅勒是一座靠近阿姆斯特丹的新建城市。它的首批居民于40年前來到此地。如今，該市第一區(qū)內(nèi)最老的街區(qū)已開始了翻新工程。阿爾梅勒以綠色城市的概念興建，其各個(gè)區(qū)域均擁有不同特色，但綠色元素是他們共同的主線——這一特點(diǎn)必須保持?？扑?泰蘭斯以奇特而低調(diào)的手法滿足了這種需求。一棟5層高擁有27間三居室的公寓，被設(shè)計(jì)成專供老年人入住的花園住宅。陽(yáng)臺(tái)環(huán)繞大樓伸展而開，仿佛小后院一般與生活區(qū)的公共花園相連。

科思-泰蘭斯展示了在荷蘭連棟房屋和越來越多的高層建筑之間，公共住宅的街區(qū)是如何提供了許多如街道或單人住宅等不同的視角，正如阿爾梅勒這座城市本身一般。中央大廳的走廊與前門相連。這棟木制建筑由全混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)支撐，圓角和木頭元素為大樓增添了一抹柔和的色彩，而混凝土及其砂礫粉狀表面則營(yíng)造出魁偉的硬朗感。巨大的立柱猶同貝殼，附帶著存儲(chǔ)空間。

這些公寓均被歸為社會(huì)住房。被選中的居住者是因?yàn)樗麄兿雲(yún)⑴c花園住宅里公共花園的建設(shè)。與他們之前的連棟房屋相同，所有公寓都有與戶外空間相連的部分。這棟大樓及其居民在阿爾梅勒這座“綠色之城”中合為一體?！?（呂德·布勞韋斯 文，王單單 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: De Alliantie Ontwikkeling

項(xiàng)目/Program: 27間80m2的公益住房及花園/27 social housing apartments 80m2and a collective garden

地點(diǎn)/Address: Leemwierde 213 – 239, Almere, the Netherlands主持建筑師/Architects: Mike Korth, Gus Tielens

團(tuán)隊(duì)/Team: Wieshant Manna, Bart van der Salm, Luuc Sonke

承包商/Contractor: Friso Aannemingsmaatschappij B.V., Almere

建造/Construction: Strackee Bouwadvies BV, Ingenieursburo Meijer & Joustra BV

設(shè)備/Installations: Reuser Technisch Adviesbureau bv

預(yù)制混凝土/Prefab Concrete: Prefab beton Soest BV

木質(zhì)外立面/Wooden Facade: Foreco BV

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 3230m2

凈建筑面積/Net Floor Area: 2990m2

總體積/Gross Volume: 50,550m3

凈體積/Net Volume: 40,365m3

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Date: 2017.12

包含設(shè)備的造價(jià)/Costs Installations Included: € 3,506,580,(Incl. tax)

繪圖/Drawing: Korthtielens Architecten

攝影/Photos: Stefan Müller(fig.1-3,11,16), Harm Tilman(fig.12)

1 外景/Exterior views

2 外景/Exterior views

3 外景/Exterior views

Almere is a new city close to Amsterdam. Its first residents arrived 40 years ago. Now, renovation has started on the oldest neighbourhood in the city’s first district. Almere is established as a green city. Its districts all have different characteristics,but the green element is a common thread. This should remain. Korthtielens fulfilled this demand in a surprising and understated manner. A block of 5 floors with 27 3-room apartments for elderly residents is set up and developed as a Garden House.The balconies stretch around the building and metaphorically connect to the communal gardens of the living area like small backyards.

Korthtielens shows that a living block for public housing, between the Dutch terrace house and increasing high-rise buildings, provides many perspectives as a street or a single unit, like in Almere. Galleries in a central hall connect to the front doors. The wooden building is supported by an all-around concrete structure. Rounded corners and wood give the building a friendly character.The concrete with a washed, gritted skin gives it a massive firmness. Heavy columns serve as shells with storage space.

The apartments are all categorised as social housing. Residents were selected based on their wish to participate in the garden house's communal garden. Like their former terrace houses, all apartment sections connect to outside space. The block and its residents become one in Almere, "the Green City". □ (Text by Ruud Brouwers, Translated from Dutch by Li-Anne Krol, Proofread by Rens van Hedel)

4 總平面/Site plan

5 示意圖/Diagrams

6 示意圖/Diagrams

7 示意圖/Diagrams

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan

9 二層平面/1st floor plan

10 剖面/Section

評(píng)論

朱亦民：在這個(gè)小建筑中有兩個(gè)超乎其尺度的操作嘗試：第一個(gè)是由傳統(tǒng)墻體承重體系和混凝土柱板體系組成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)體系；第二個(gè)是外廊水平和垂直建筑構(gòu)件的尺度變異。一般情況下，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)操作在大型建筑中才會(huì)被使用，但也為這個(gè)規(guī)整的小幾何住宅帶來了別樣的感受。

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)體系使得混凝土外廊部分從建筑主體結(jié)構(gòu)體系中獨(dú)立出來，因?yàn)橥饫鹊倪M(jìn)深很小，水平向樓板就可以采用無梁結(jié)構(gòu)，形成輕薄的水平向建筑構(gòu)件；而垂直向加粗的混凝土半筒柱取代常規(guī)的柱子的作用，除了為建筑提供了更加穩(wěn)定和牢固的視覺印象外，同時(shí)輕巧的水平構(gòu)件與豎向厚重的構(gòu)件之間的異常尺度對(duì)比，讓該建筑富于變化且耐人尋味。

唐康碩：阿爾梅勒是阿姆斯特丹郊區(qū)的一個(gè)由填海形成的新城，城區(qū)定義為低密度的花園城市，并有大量政府規(guī)劃的社會(huì)住宅?；▓@洋房就是其中的一個(gè)獨(dú)立式的公寓，主要提供給老年人使用。

荷蘭屬于高緯度低海拔地區(qū)，氣候陰冷潮濕。因此朝向和陽(yáng)光也是居住建筑中最為重要的因素?；▓@洋房采用了荷蘭社會(huì)住宅常用的外陽(yáng)臺(tái)方式，出挑的陽(yáng)臺(tái)不但能夠提供日光下的活動(dòng)空間，溫暖的碳化木墻面還能夠很好地把生活空間從室內(nèi)延伸到室外的陽(yáng)臺(tái)。建筑師在連續(xù)的外陽(yáng)臺(tái)上嵌入了弧形的水刷石混凝土板，或作為兩戶之間的分隔墻體，或作為儲(chǔ)存、花壇等生活空間使用。寬窄不同的弧形板也給建筑立面帶來了有規(guī)律的變化。公寓建筑的中央是一個(gè)有著天光的挑高中庭空間，黑色和黃色的室內(nèi)材料對(duì)比也呼應(yīng)了公寓的使用人群是以老年人為主。這是一個(gè)低調(diào)而又非常實(shí)用的社會(huì)住宅項(xiàng)目。

11 附帶著存儲(chǔ)空間的立柱/Heavy columns with storage space

12 附帶著存儲(chǔ)空間的立柱/Heavy columns with storage space

Comments

ZHU Yimin:There are two operational attempts which transcend the scale of this small building: the first one is the composite structure system consisting of a traditional wall bearing system and a concrete slab-column system; the second is the alteration of scale in terms of the horizontal and vertical architecture components in its exterior verandah. Generally speaking, only in large-scale architecture projects, such an operation of design could be taken. Yet this kind of attempt also brings diverse experiences for this small residence with regular geometries.

The composite structure system separates the exterior verandah from the structure system of the building's main body. Due to the small depth of the verandah, a kind of beamless structure can be adopted for the horizontal slabs, thus creating light and thin horizontal components. At the same time, regular columns are replaced by the thickened semi-tube concrete columns at the horizontal dimension. This not only forms a more stable and secure visual impression for the building but also endows the architecture with varying and intriguing characters by creating the anomalous scale contrast between the lightweight horizontal components and the heavy vertical ones. (Translated by CHEN Xi)

TANG Kangshuo:Almere is a reclaimed new town on the outskirts of Amsterdam,defined as a low-density garden city with a large number of government-planned social housings. The Tuinhuis apartment building, an independent apartment building mainly for the elderly people, is one of them.

The Netherlands is in an area of high latitude and low altitude, and the climate is cold and wet. Therefore, the orientations and sunlight are the most important factors in residential buildings. Tuinhuis uses the practice of outdoor balconies, which is commonly used in Dutch social housings. The overhung balcony can not only provide space for activities under the sun, but also extend the living space from the indoor to the outdoor balcony with the warm carbide wooden walls. The architect embedded arc-shaped granitic plaster concrete slabs on the continuous balcony, either as partitions between two apartments, or to use us living spaces like storage or flower bed. The arc plates of different width also bring regular changes to the facade. The centre of the apartment building is a sky-lit high atrium, and the contrast of black and yellow interior materials also echoes the fact that the majority of the apartment occupants are the elderly. This is a low-key yet very practical social housing project. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

13 立柱示意圖/Diagram of columns

14 立柱示意圖/Diagram of columns

15 立柱示意圖/Diagram of columns

16 內(nèi)景/Interior view