王惠
摘要: 本文從語法連貫角度來賞析方華文霧都孤兒譯本,其依據(jù)現(xiàn)代語言學之父韓禮德和哈森的語法銜接理論,從指稱和省略兩個方面來賞析譯本。
關(guān)鍵詞: 語法連貫指稱省略
一.引言
《霧都孤兒》是19世紀英國批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家狄更斯的第二部作品。狄更斯在《霧都孤兒》這部小說中廣泛描寫了當時的社會生活現(xiàn)狀,揭露了在資本主義社會,金錢帶來的種種罪惡。
二.語法連貫在方華文《霧都孤兒》譯本中的應(yīng)用
在文學作品翻譯中,將“連貫”與其緊密結(jié)合起來,準確地解讀原文的連貫,正確地重構(gòu)連貫的譯文,使譯文與原文之間的等值效果達到最優(yōu)化,使文學翻譯中的詩學價值得到最好的傳遞(申丹,見王東風2009:II)。
1.指稱(reference)
Halliday和Hasan認為連貫手段中最常見的是指稱,本文以人稱代詞為例來分析,可以使文章清晰。
原文:…'That's acause they damped the straw afore they lit it in the chimbley to make 'em come down again,' said Gamfield; 'that's all smoke,and no blaze; vereas smoke ain't o' no use at all in making a boy come down,for it only sinds him to sleep,and that's wot he likes.Boys is wery obstinit,and wery lazy,Gen'l'men,and there's nothink like a good hot blaze to make 'em come down vith a run.It's humane too,gen'l'men,acause,even if they've stuck in the chimbley,roasting their feet makes 'em struggle to hextricate themselves.'
方譯:“那是因為他們想讓孩子們從煙囪里下來時,先把稻草弄濕了才點燃。”甘菲爾德說?!肮饷盁?,不著火,一點用都沒有,根本沒辦法讓孩子下來,因為煙霧只能催他們?nèi)胨?,那正是他們求之不得的。小孩子都很固?zhí)和懶惰,如欲讓他們快快下來,沒有比熊熊大火更有效的靈丹妙藥了,先生們。這也是一種人道之舉,先生們,因為他們即便卡在煙囪里,用火燒燒他們的腳,這能使他們奮起而脫身?!?/p>
原文中有十處代詞,譯文中共用了七處代詞:根據(jù)語境增加代詞,準確傳遞原意。'That's acause they damped the straw afore they lit it in the chimbley to make 'em come down again,' said Gamfield的譯文為“那是因為他們想讓孩子們從煙囪里下來時,先把稻草弄濕了才點燃。”甘菲爾德說。直譯原文應(yīng)為:那是因為他們弄濕了稻草在他們點燃之前,以便于讓孩子們從煙囪里下來。此譯文只是一般性的陳述,而通過添加“他們想讓”表達出了他們對孩子險惡的用心。
2.省略(ellipsis)
省略,指免去。在一定條件下省去一個或多個句子成分。
原文:I would show Rose Maylie in all the bloom and grace of early womanhood,shedding on her secluded path in life soft and gentle light,that fell on all who trod it with her,and shone into their hearts.I would paint her the life and joy of the fire-side circle and the lively summer group; I would follow her through the sultry fields at noon,and hear the low tones of her sweet voice in the moonlit evening walk; I would watch her in all her goodness and charity abroad,and the smiling untiring discharge of domestic duties at home; I would paint her and her dead sister's child happy in their love for one another,and passing whole hours together in picturing the friends whom they had so sadly lost; I would summon before me,once again,those joyous little faces that clustered round her knee,and listen to their merry prattle; I would recall the tones of that clear laugh,and conjure up the sympathising tear that glistened in the soft blue eye.
譯文:我很想展示露絲·梅利初為人婦時的卓越風韻,展示她如何將柔和之光傾灑在她那與世無爭的生活道路上,傾灑在同路人的身上及心坎里。我很想描繪她在壁爐旁和歡快的消夏人群中所表現(xiàn)出的活力及喜悅;很想在中午時分隨她一道穿越酷熱的田野;很想在月光如水的夜晚散步時聽聽她甜美、低婉的說話聲;很想看看她如何出外樂善好施,居家盈盈含笑、不知疲倦地操持家務(wù);很想描繪她如何同亡姊的遺孤相親相愛,共享天倫之樂,描繪他們?nèi)绾卧谝黄鹨贿B數(shù)小時地回憶自己痛失的親人;很想再次看看依偎在她膝下的那幾張歡快的小臉蛋,聽聽那顛三倒四的兒語;很想讓那清脆的笑聲再回蕩于耳旁,讓那雙閃爍著同情淚花的柔和、藍色的眼睛重現(xiàn)面前。
譯文中“很想”本來指“我很想”,但由于前面出現(xiàn)“我很想”,為避免重復,省略代詞“我”。
三.結(jié)語
綜上所述,語法連貫是翻譯的基本能力,在譯文中準確地再現(xiàn)原文的語法連貫,并在譯語中重構(gòu)具有相同功能的語法連貫。
參考文獻
[1]Charles Dickens.Oliver Twist[M].Oxford University Press,1966.
[2]吉文凱,瞿慧.語法銜接與小說翻譯中連貫的再現(xiàn)—Gone with the Wind 六個譯本對比研究[J].語文學刊·外語教育教學2012(2).
[3]霧都孤兒[M].方華文,譯.上海:上海譯文出版社,1991.