如何促進(jìn)海洋健康

陳志強

海詞積累

1.nurture v. 養(yǎng)育

2.jurisdiction n. 管轄權(quán)

3.emission n. 排放

4.drone n. 無人機

5.sonar n. 聲吶

6.supervision n. 監(jiān)管

7.be subject to 易受某事（尤指壞事）影響

8.submit to （尤指無可選擇時）同意服從（遵守）

1.What is the current status of the ocean being treated unfairly by human？

2.Are there any reasons behind humans self?destructive behaviour towards the ocean？

3.How can we improve the health of the ocean？

Earth is poorly named. The ocean covers almost three?quarters of the planet. Humans have long assumed that the oceans size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry， overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with disrespect.

Such self?destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out. One is geography. The ocean is beyond the horizon and below the waterline. The damage being done to its health is visible in a few places. But for the most part， the sea is out of sight and out of mind.

A second problem is governance. The ocean is subject to a mixture of laws and agreements. Enforcement （強制實施） is hard and motivations often differ. Waters outside national jurisdictions are shared places. Without defined （明確的） property rights or a community investing in their protection， the interests of individuals in exploiting （利用） such areas win out over the collective interests in developing them carefully.

Third， the ocean is a victim of other， bigger processes. The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is changing the sea environment along with the rest of the planet. The ocean has warmed by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters. Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic （酸性的）， which tends to harm creatures.

Some of these problems are easier to deal with than others. “Ocean blindness” can be cured by access to information. And indeed， improvements in computing power， satellite imaging and drones are bringing the ocean into better view than ever before. Work is under way to map the sea floor in detail using sonar technology. On the surface， drones can get to remote， stormy places at a far smaller cost. From above， tiny satellites， weighing 1 to 10 kilograms， are used to monitor the fishing ships.

Transparency can also relieve （緩解） the second difficulty of ocean governance. More scientific data ought to improve the supervision of new industries. Satellite monitoring can provide clues to illegal fishing activity. Besides， such data make it easier to enforce codes （法規(guī)） like the Port State Measures Agreement， which requires foreign ships to submit to inspections at any port of call and requires port states to share information on any suspected wrongdoing they find.

Thanks to technology， the oceans expanse and remoteness are becoming less scaring. Mankind is increasingly able to see the damage it is doing to the ocean. Whether it can stop it is another question.

—— From The Economist

文本探究

探究視角1：語篇分析

海洋面積遼闊，儲水量巨大，因而長期以來是地球上最穩(wěn)定的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。然而近幾十年，隨著世界工業(yè)的發(fā)展，海洋污染也日趨嚴(yán)重，這使得局部海域環(huán)境發(fā)生了很大變化，并有繼續(xù)擴散的趨勢。究竟是哪些因素導(dǎo)致了如今的海洋問題呢？這些問題又該如何解決呢？這些問題都可以在本文中找到答案。文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

探究視角2：語言學(xué)習(xí)

I.文本填空

1.The damage （do） to its health is visible in a few places.

2.The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere （change） the sea environment along with the rest of the planet.

3.The ocean （warm） by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters.

4.Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic， tends to harm creatures.

5.From above， tiny satellites， （weigh） 1 to 10 kilograms， are used to monitor the fishing ships.

6.Besides， such data make easier to enforce codes like the Port State Measures Agreement， which requires foreign ships to submit to inspections at any port of call.

Ⅱ.寫作推薦

1.探求現(xiàn)象背后的原因：...demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out.

Such self?destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out.這種自我毀滅式的行為需要進(jìn)行解釋。這主要有三個突出的原因。

當(dāng)我們交代某一現(xiàn)象之后需要分析背后的原因時，可以通過該句式實現(xiàn)銜接和過渡。

【例句仿寫】英國年輕人之所以買不起本地區(qū)最便宜的房子需要分析一下，這主要有三個原因。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語

The ocean has warmed by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters.19世紀(jì)以來，海洋溫度已經(jīng)升高了0.7攝氏度，這破壞了珊瑚，并且促使各種生物向極地地區(qū)遷徙，以尋求溫度更低的水域。

在本句中，現(xiàn)在分詞damaging和driving引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，表示前面行為所引起的是自然而然的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于定語從句which damages corals and drives creatures。

【例句仿寫】大自然給香格里拉提供了無盡的天然寶藏，這使得這片土地成為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦男腋＜覉@。

探究視角3：文化拓展

太平洋“第八塊大陸”正在形成

除了人們所知的七個大陸之外，在太平洋最人跡罕至的地方，又有一個“新大陸”正在生成——這個“新大陸”完全是由垃圾堆起來的，人們把它稱為“第八大陸”。

最近一項研究表明，在太平洋從美國加利福尼亞州至夏威夷地區(qū)，共充斥著1.8萬億件人類生產(chǎn)的塑料碎片，總重量約為7.9萬噸，占據(jù)的面積幾乎是10個河南省面積的總和，成為名副其實的“世界上最大的垃圾場”。

調(diào)查表明，這一地區(qū)的塑料垃圾量比此前預(yù)計的多4到16倍，并且由于洋流和人為的原因，塑料還在繼續(xù)積聚。研究人員稱，該地區(qū)堆積的塑料量呈指數(shù)增長，被形象地稱為“太平洋垃圾填埋場”。這些垃圾碎片的種類分布甚廣，從細(xì)小的碎屑到巨大的廢棄漁網(wǎng)，其中46%是百年難以分解的塑料，情形令人擔(dān)憂。

垃圾島所在海域的海水都充斥著有毒的化學(xué)物和細(xì)小的塑料碎片，而這些又被魚類吃到肚子里。據(jù)悉，現(xiàn)在每條海魚的肚子里最多能發(fā)現(xiàn)26塊塑料碎片。有專家還警告稱，這些被魚類吞下的有毒物質(zhì)將進(jìn)入人類的食物鏈中，危害到人們的健康。

面對海洋污染，我們能做什么？歷史終將證明，人人參與是最好的選擇。