陳影影,甄玲玲,費(fèi)素娟
1.徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)研究生院,江蘇 徐州 221000;2.徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科
炎癥性腸病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)包括克羅恩病(Crohn’s disease, CD)和潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC),是一種慢性、復(fù)發(fā)性、非特異性腸道炎性疾病,目前發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清楚,可能與腸道菌群失調(diào)、黏膜免疫障礙、環(huán)境因素和易感基因等有關(guān)。谷胱甘肽S-轉(zhuǎn)移酶(GST)在人體內(nèi)廣泛存在,除了有促進(jìn)毒物代謝的作用,還可以保護(hù)DNA免受損傷、促進(jìn)DNA修復(fù)[1]。研究[2]表明,谷胱甘肽S-轉(zhuǎn)移酶M1(GSTM1)基因型患者對(duì)化學(xué)致癌物質(zhì)的解毒能力下降,增加了個(gè)體對(duì)腫瘤及其他疾病的易感性。本研究實(shí)時(shí)評(píng)估GSTM1基因型與IBD易感性的關(guān)系。
1.1檢索策略檢索PubMed、SinoMed、萬(wàn)方、維普、知網(wǎng)電子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。檢索關(guān)鍵詞:谷胱甘肽S-轉(zhuǎn)移酶M1(GSTM1);基因多態(tài)性(polymorphism);炎癥性腸病(inflammatory bowel disease)。檢索時(shí)間:建庫(kù)至2017年7月。
1.2納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)公開發(fā)表全文;(2)文章研究GSTM1基因型與IBD相關(guān)性;(3)病例對(duì)照研究,隊(duì)列研究,橫斷面研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)重復(fù)發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn);(2)研究未設(shè)立對(duì)照組。
1.3數(shù)據(jù)提取及質(zhì)量評(píng)估閱讀文獻(xiàn),提取文獻(xiàn)基本特征,包括:作者,發(fā)表年份,國(guó)家,人種,疾病類型,病例組和對(duì)照組樣本量及GSTM1基因型分布。通常,使用Hardy-Weinberg平衡(HWE)分析3種及以上單核苷酸基因多態(tài)性的分布,但我們的研究涉及兩種基因型,因此,Hardy-Weinberg平衡不被用于本研究質(zhì)量的評(píng)估。使用Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)[3]評(píng)價(jià)文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量,7~9分為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn),4~6分為中等質(zhì)量,<4分為低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析采用Review Manager 5.3對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行Meta分析。對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn),P≥0.1,I2≤50%,表明異質(zhì)性較低,使用固定效應(yīng)模型。如果P<0.1,I2>50%,表明異質(zhì)性較高,使用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。為尋找潛在的異質(zhì)性來(lái)源,我們對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行亞組分析及敏感性分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用OR作為分析統(tǒng)計(jì)量,并計(jì)算其95%CI,使用Begg漏斗圖評(píng)估發(fā)表偏倚,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1文獻(xiàn)基本特征共13篇文獻(xiàn)納入研究,包括20個(gè)研究,其中8項(xiàng)研究了GSTM1基因型與CD的相關(guān)性,12項(xiàng)研究了GSTM1基因型與UC的關(guān)系。IBD患者共4 179例,對(duì)照組8 198例。此外,13項(xiàng)研究涉及高加索人種,5項(xiàng)涉及亞洲人種,非洲人種2項(xiàng)。納入研究均使用NOS評(píng)估文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量(見表1)。
表1 納入文獻(xiàn)基本特征及GSTM1基因型分布Tab 1 Basic characteristics of inclusive literature and distribution of GSTM1 genotypes
注:Δ:該文獻(xiàn)未給出后部分患者未納入原因。
2.2Meta分析結(jié)果
2.2.1 GSTM1基因型與IBD的相關(guān)性分析:對(duì)20項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行Meta分析,異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)顯示研究之間存在異質(zhì)性(I2=82%,P<0.00001),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。Meta分析表明,GSTM1(-)基因型與IBD有相關(guān)性,GSTM1(-)基因型發(fā)生IBD的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是GSTM1(+)基因型的1.32倍(OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.09~1.61,P<0.05,見圖1)。
2.2.2 人種亞組分析結(jié)果:為分析異質(zhì)性來(lái)源,我們對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了人種亞組分析。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)顯示,高加索人(I2=46%)和亞洲人(I2=58%)的異質(zhì)性較前均降低,高加索人使用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析,亞洲人使用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。結(jié)果表明,在亞洲人中,GSTM1(-)基因型患IBD的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是GSTM1(+)基因型的2.57倍(OR=2.57, 95%CI: 1.85~3.57,P<0.05)。但高加索人GSTM1(-)基因型與IBD無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(OR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.94~1.12,P>0.05)(見表2、圖2~3)。
2.2.3 疾病亞組分析結(jié)果:將納入研究分為UC組和CD組,對(duì)兩組進(jìn)行亞組分析。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)顯示,UC組(I2=86%)與CD組(I2=54%)均存在異質(zhì)性,兩組均采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果顯示,攜帶GSTM1(-)基因型發(fā)生UC的幾率是GSTM1(+)基因型的1.46倍(OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.09~1.96,P<0.05)。但CD與GSTM1(-)基因型無(wú)顯示明顯相關(guān)性(OR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.90~1.33,P>0.05)(見表2、圖4)。
圖1 GSTM1基因型與IBD相關(guān)性Meta分析森林圖Fig 1 Analysis of forest map of GSTM1 genotypes and IBD
圖2 GSTM1基因型與亞洲人種分析的森林圖Fig 2 Analysis of forest map of GSTM1 genotype and Asian ethnic
圖3 GSTM1基因型與高加索人種分析的森林圖Fig 3 Analysis of forest map of GSTM1 genotype and Caucasian race
圖4 GSTM1基因型與疾病亞組分析的森林圖Fig 4 Analysis of forest map of GSTM1 genotype and disease subgroup
表2 Meta分析結(jié)果Tab 2 The results of Meta analysis
注:F:固定效應(yīng)模型;R:隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。
2.3敏感性分析采用RevMan 5.3進(jìn)行敏感性分析,每排除一個(gè)病例-對(duì)照研究,就重新進(jìn)行Meta分析以確??傮w結(jié)果不受任何一項(xiàng)研究的較大影響。結(jié)果顯示,在人種亞組分析中,去除吳昊等[15]的研究后,亞洲人群與對(duì)照組之間的異質(zhì)性明顯降低(I2=0)(見圖5)。
圖5 敏感性分析的森林圖Fig 5 Analysis of forest map of sensitivity
2.4發(fā)表偏倚采用RevMan 5.3繪制Begg圖,評(píng)估納入研究是否存在潛在的發(fā)表偏倚。結(jié)果顯示,納入研究的Begg圖呈基本對(duì)稱的倒漏斗形,未見明顯的不對(duì)稱,提示研究的發(fā)表偏倚較小(見圖6)。
圖6 Meta分析的Begg圖Fig 6 Begg diagram of Meta-analysis
谷胱甘肽是人體中具有去除潛在毒物能力的保護(hù)性化合物,GST催化谷胱甘肽與各種活性氧結(jié)合并進(jìn)行生物轉(zhuǎn)化,維持氧化-抗氧化系統(tǒng)平衡[17-18],GST是細(xì)胞抗損傷和抗癌的重要解毒系統(tǒng)[19]。GST根據(jù)其基因序列分為A、M、T、P亞家族,且酶系中許多成員的編碼基因具有多態(tài)性,GST基因多態(tài)性可導(dǎo)致代謝酶活性變化從而導(dǎo)致疾病。研究表明,GSTM1基因多態(tài)性與肺癌[20]、乳腺癌[21]、胃癌[22]、骨髓增生異常綜合征[23]等疾病有關(guān)。GSTM1定位于染色體1p13.3,GSTM1基因型在不同人種中的分布存在波動(dòng)[24],非洲人為33%~48%,亞洲人為33%~63%,歐洲人為39%~62%,美國(guó)人為23%~62%。
IBD是一種多病因、異常免疫介導(dǎo)的腸道疾病,具有終身復(fù)發(fā)傾向,與環(huán)境、感染、遺傳、免疫等因素有關(guān)。尋找與IBD發(fā)生、發(fā)展相關(guān)的基因標(biāo)記十分重要,將有助于我們篩選具有遺傳易感性的群體,并采取有針對(duì)性的措施來(lái)預(yù)防IBD的發(fā)生。本研究分析了不同種族和IBD不同疾病類型的GSTM1基因型的分布。結(jié)果表明,GSTM1(-)基因型增加了IBD的易感性。此外,在亞洲人群中,GSTM1(-)基因型與IBD的發(fā)生顯著相關(guān),但在高加索人群中,GSTM1(-)基因型與IBD患者無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性。同時(shí),本研究表明,GSTM1(-)基因型與UC的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),但與CD的發(fā)生無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性。
當(dāng)然,我們的研究有很多局限性。首先GSTM1、GSTA1、GSTP1、GSTT1基因多態(tài)性并不是IBD的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。單獨(dú)GST基因型無(wú)法正確預(yù)測(cè)GST的確切表達(dá);其次,IBD的發(fā)生和發(fā)展涉及基因-基因和基因-環(huán)境的相互作用,因此我們需要更多的高質(zhì)量研究來(lái)驗(yàn)證此次Meta分析的結(jié)果。
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